超细晶硬质合金刀具车削不锈钢的切削温度研究
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摘要
超细晶硬质合金刀具由于具有更高的硬度和抗弯强度,可以满足现代制造业的更高要求,在难加工材料高速切削领域显示出明显优势。在不锈钢材料的加工过程中,切削温度对刀具的磨损有极大的影响,而多数实验方法很难测得刀具表面具体的温度分布。借助DEFORM仿真分析软件,模拟超细晶硬质合金刀具对304不锈钢的车削过程;依据正交试验方法,分析切削用量三要素切削速度、进给量和背吃刀量对刀具温度的影响规律;通过实际车削实验与仿真结果进行比较,并与普通晶粒硬质合金刀具进行对比。结果表明:与普通晶粒硬质合金刀具加工相似,切削速度对超细晶粒硬质合金刀具温度的影响程度最大,其次是进给量,最后是背吃刀量;超细晶粒硬质合金比普通晶粒硬质合金刀具具有更好的散热性,尤其在较高速度条件下切削,优势更加明显。
Due to higher hardness and bending strength, ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools can satisfy the higher requests of modern manufacturing, and it has shown obvious advantages in the field of high speed cutting of difficult-to-machine material. In the machining of stainless steel, the cutting temperature has a great influence on the tool wear, and using most experimental methods are difficult to measure the specific temperature distribution on cutting tool. The processes of 304 stainless steel turning by ultrafine-grain cemented carbide cutting tools were simulated based on DEFORM software. The influences of cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, feed and cutting depth on tool temperature were analyzed by orthogonal experiment. Simulation results and cutting experiment results were compared, and the contrast cutting experiments with ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools and conventional cemented carbide tools were carried out. The results show that the influences of cutting parameters on the temperature of ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools are similar to conventional cemented carbide tools, cutting speed has the main influence on temperature followed by feed rate and cutting depth. Ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools have better heat dissipation than conventional cemented carbide tools, the advantages are more obvious at higher speed conditions especially.
Due to higher hardness and bending strength, ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools can satisfy the higher requests of modern manufacturing, and it has shown obvious advantages in the field of high speed cutting of difficult-to-machine material. In the machining of stainless steel, the cutting temperature has a great influence on the tool wear, and using most experimental methods are difficult to measure the specific temperature distribution on cutting tool. The processes of 304 stainless steel turning by ultrafine-grain cemented carbide cutting tools were simulated based on DEFORM software. The influences of cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, feed and cutting depth on tool temperature were analyzed by orthogonal experiment. Simulation results and cutting experiment results were compared, and the contrast cutting experiments with ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools and conventional cemented carbide tools were carried out. The results show that the influences of cutting parameters on the temperature of ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools are similar to conventional cemented carbide tools, cutting speed has the main influence on temperature followed by feed rate and cutting depth. Ultrafine-grain cemented carbide tools have better heat dissipation than conventional cemented carbide tools, the advantages are more obvious at higher speed conditions especially.
引文
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[2] 尚自河,李安海,赵军.超细晶粒硬质合金刀具材料的研究进展[J].工具技术,2015(2):3-8.SHANG Z H,LI A H,ZHAO J.Research Overview of Ultra-fine Grained Cemented Carbide Cutting Tool Material[J].Tool Engineering,2015(2):3-8.
[3] DREYE K,RODIGER K,BERG H,et al.Powder Metallurgy and Applications of Hardmeatls[C]//Proceedings of DGM Seminar in Powder Metallurgy.Aachen,2000:1-28.
[4] 郑克端.车削不锈钢时切削条件对积屑瘤和切削温度的影响[J].西安理工大学学报,1983(2):56-76.
[5] BARROW G A.Review of Experimental and Theoretical Techniques for Assessing Cutting Temperatures[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,1973,22(2):203-211.
[6] 杨鸿志,王学林,胡于进.304不锈钢切削加工温度分布建模与分析[J].机械设计与制造,2014(9):90-94.YANG H Z,WANG X L,HU Y J.Modeling and Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Machining AISI 304 Stainless Steel[J].Machinery Design & Manufacture,2014(9):90-94.
[7] 覃康才,冯可芹,熊计,等.梯度涂层刀片切削过程的Deform仿真[J].硬质合金,2011,28(3):166-171.QIN K C,FENG K Q,XIONG J,et al.Deform Simulation of the Cutting Process of Gradient Coated Inserts[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(3):166-171.
[8] 苏永生,李亮,王刚,等.织构化刀具切削性能测试及切削温度仿真分析[J].润滑与密封,2018,43(3):92-97.SU Y S,LI L,WANG G,et al.Performance Testing of Textured Tool and Simulation Analysis of Cutting Temperature[J].Lubrication Engineering,2018,43(3):92-97.
[9] 李星星.304不锈钢模型参数识别研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.
[10] 凌玲,李星星,王学林,等.0Cr18Ni9不锈钢本构模型及其对切削力预测影响分析[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(18):2243-2248.LING L,LI X X,WANG X L,et al.Constitutive Model of Stainless Steel 0Cr18Ni9 and Its Influence on Cutting Force Prediction[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2012,23(18):2243-2248.
[11] 周春雷.基于DEFORM的铝合金切削力仿真与试验[J].工具技术,2016(1):87-90.ZHOU C L.Research of Aluminum Cutting Force Simulation and Experimental Based on DEFORM[J].Tool Engineering,2016(1):87-90.