向日葵茎秆切割阻力影响因素试验研究
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摘要
针对向日葵收获机械在使用现有往复式切割器收割向日葵茎秆时存在适用性差及切割质量差等问题,在微机控制电子万能试验机上模拟直刃切刀配合的切割方式,对向日葵茎秆进行切割试验,研究刃口倾角、削切角度及斜切角度等参数改变对切割阻力和切割能量消耗的影响程度以及不同条件下向日葵茎秆的切割阻力变化规律。结果表明:1)切割速度一定,切刀刃口倾角为0°~20°时,切割阻力峰值及切割能量消耗随着刃口倾角的增大逐渐减小,滑切效果逐渐增强,当刃口倾角在20°时的切割能量消耗较其他角度小。2)切割速度一定,削切角为0°~45°时,切割阻力峰值与切割能量消耗先逐渐减小而后急剧上升,削切角为15°时,切刀对向日葵茎秆的切割阻力和切割能耗较小。3)切割速度一定,斜切角度为0°~60°时,切割阻力峰值和切割能耗先逐渐减小而后迅速增大,斜切角为30°时,其切割阻力和切割能耗最小。
To investigate the applicability of the general-purpose cutter and poor cutting quality of current sunflower harvesting machinery during sunflower stalks harvesting,the cutting method of the sunflower stalk is simulated by the match way of the straight blade cutter on the microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine.The degree of influence on the cutting resistance and cutting power consumption and the variation rule of cutting resistance of sunflower stalk under different conditions are studied by changing the angle of the cutting edge,cutting angle and chamfering angle.The results show that:1)When the cutting speed is constant and the angle of the cutting edge is 0°-20°,the cutting resistance peak and the power consumption decrease with the increase of the cutting edge angle,at the same time,the sliding effect is enhanced.When the bevel angle is about 20°,the cutting power consumption is smaller.2)When the cutting speed is constant,the cutting angle changes from 0°to 45°.The peak cutting force and the cutting power consumption are gradually reduced and then sharply increased.When the cutting angle is about 15°,the blade is applied with cutting resistance and cutting power consumption is smaller on sunflower stalks.3)When the cutting speed is constant,the chamfering angle is changed in the range of 0°-60°.The cutting resistance peak and the cutting power consumption are gradually reduced and then rapidly increasing.When the chamfering angle is about 30°,the cutting power consumption is smaller.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the design and improvement of sunflower cutting device.
To investigate the applicability of the general-purpose cutter and poor cutting quality of current sunflower harvesting machinery during sunflower stalks harvesting,the cutting method of the sunflower stalk is simulated by the match way of the straight blade cutter on the microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine.The degree of influence on the cutting resistance and cutting power consumption and the variation rule of cutting resistance of sunflower stalk under different conditions are studied by changing the angle of the cutting edge,cutting angle and chamfering angle.The results show that:1)When the cutting speed is constant and the angle of the cutting edge is 0°-20°,the cutting resistance peak and the power consumption decrease with the increase of the cutting edge angle,at the same time,the sliding effect is enhanced.When the bevel angle is about 20°,the cutting power consumption is smaller.2)When the cutting speed is constant,the cutting angle changes from 0°to 45°.The peak cutting force and the cutting power consumption are gradually reduced and then sharply increased.When the cutting angle is about 15°,the blade is applied with cutting resistance and cutting power consumption is smaller on sunflower stalks.3)When the cutting speed is constant,the chamfering angle is changed in the range of 0°-60°.The cutting resistance peak and the cutting power consumption are gradually reduced and then rapidly increasing.When the chamfering angle is about 30°,the cutting power consumption is smaller.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the design and improvement of sunflower cutting device.
引文
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[11]6)Ince A,Uˇgurluay S,Güzel E,zcan M T.Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(2):175-181
[12]Chen Y,Gratton J L,Liu J.Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning[J].Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(4):417-424
[13]Esehaghbeygi A,Hoseinzadeh B,Khazaei M,Masoumi A.Bending and shearing properties of wheat stem of alvand variety[J].World Applied Sciences Journal,2013,6(8):1028-1032
[14]Igathinathane C,Womac A R,Sokhansanj S.Corn stalk orientation effect on mechanical cutting[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,107(2):97-106
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[19]赵湛,李耀明,徐立章,宋淑君.超级稻单茎秆切割力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):72-75Zhao Z,Li Y M,Xu L Z,Song S J.Experiment on cutting mechanical property of single super rice stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):72-75(in Chinese)
[20]滕绍民.自走式青饲收割机不分行割台切割机理的研究[D].北京:中国农业机械化科学研究院,2004Study of cutting mechanism on self-propelled row independent forage harvester’s cutter bar[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,2004(in Chinese)
[21]王宏立,张伟,董晓威,李庆达,李宝玉.玉米根茬剪切力学性能试验与分析[J].实验力学,2014,29(1):73-82Wang H L,Zhang W,Dong X W,Li Q D,Li B Y.Experiment and analysis of shear mechanical property of corn stubbles[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2014,29(1):73-82(in Chinese)
[2]周艳生,张静,朱豪杰,赵晓伟,刘宇,杨宛章.我国葵花收获机研究现状及发展前景[J].农业工程,2015,5(2):11-14Zhou Y S,Zhang J,Zhu H J,Zhao X W,Liu Y,Yang W Z.Research status and development prospects of sunflower harvester in China[J].Agricultural Engineering,2015,5(2):11-14(in Chinese)
[3]滕绍民,王泽群,李洋,杨宏伟,李雷霞.切割方式与切割阻力的理论研究[J].农机化研究,2009(5):89-90,96Teng S M,Wang Z Q,Li Y,Yang H W,Li L X.The theory study of the cutting ways and cutting resistance[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009(5):89-90,96(in Chinese)
[4]杨坚,梁兆新,莫建霖,王汝贵,古梅英.甘蔗切割器切割质量影响因素的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(5):60-64Yang J,Liang Z X,Mo J L,Wang R G,Gu M Y.Experimental research on factors affecting the cutting quality of sugarcane cutter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(5):60-64(in Chinese)
[5]丁龙朋,陈永成,葛云,王璐.棉秆剪切力学特性的研究[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(2):116-118,122Ding L P,Chen Y C,Ge Y,Wang L.Research on the shear mechanical properties of cotton stalks[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(2):116-118,122(in Chinese)
[6]侯加林,蒋韬,吴彦强,刘林,吕钊钦,杨启勇.小麦秸秆往复式切割试验台设计与应用[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(增刊1):101-106Hou J L,Jiang T,Wu Y Q,Liu L,Lv Z Q,Yang Q Y.Design and experiment of wheat straw cutting reciprocating test bench[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(S1):101-106(in Chinese)
[7]宋占华,宋华鲁,耿爱军,李玉道,闫银发,李法德.棉花秸秆双支撑切割性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(16):37-45Song Z H,Song H L,Geng A J,Li Y D,Yan Y F,Li F D.Experiment on cutting characteristics of cotton stalk with double supports[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(16):37-45(in Chinese)
[8]杜现军,李玉道,颜世涛,李秀芝,宋占华,李法德.棉秆力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(4):87-91Du X J,Li Y D,Yan S T,Li X Z,Song Z H,Li F D.Mechanics characteristics of cotton stalks[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011(4):87-91(in Chinese)
[9]李耀明,秦同娣,陈进,赵湛.玉米茎秆往复切割力学特性试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):160-164Li Y M,Qin T D,Chen J,Zhao Z.Experimental study and analysis on mechanical property of corn stalk reciprocating cutting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(1):160-164(in Chinese)
[10]蒋韬,侯加林,李天华,邵园园,王震,刘林.田间玉米茎秆往复切割试验台[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊2):32-36Jiang T,Hou J L,Li T H,Shao Y Y,Wang Z,Liu L.Field reciprocating cutting test bench for corn stalks[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(S2):32-36(in Chinese)
[11]6)Ince A,Uˇgurluay S,Güzel E,zcan M T.Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(2):175-181
[12]Chen Y,Gratton J L,Liu J.Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning[J].Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(4):417-424
[13]Esehaghbeygi A,Hoseinzadeh B,Khazaei M,Masoumi A.Bending and shearing properties of wheat stem of alvand variety[J].World Applied Sciences Journal,2013,6(8):1028-1032
[14]Igathinathane C,Womac A R,Sokhansanj S.Corn stalk orientation effect on mechanical cutting[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,107(2):97-106
[15]曹玉,刘伟峰,张欣达.玉米茎秆切割力影响因素试验研究[J].农机化研究,2012(11):129-132,137Cao Y,Liu W F,Zhang X D.Experiments and research on influencing factors of cutting force of corn stalk[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012(11):129-132,137(in Chinese)
[16]蒋恩臣.畜牧业机械化[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:118-126Jiang E C.Mechanization of Animal Husbandry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005:118-126(in Chinese)
[17]张强,梁留锁.农业机械学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2016:179-186Zhang Q,Liang L S.Agricultural Machinery[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2016:179-186(in Chinese)
[18]孟海波,韩鲁佳.秸秆物料的特性及其加工利用研究现状与应用前景[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(6):38-41Meng H B,Han L J.Analysis of application and prospects and study status of the processing properties of straw materials[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2003,8(6):38-41(in Chinese)
[19]赵湛,李耀明,徐立章,宋淑君.超级稻单茎秆切割力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):72-75Zhao Z,Li Y M,Xu L Z,Song S J.Experiment on cutting mechanical property of single super rice stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):72-75(in Chinese)
[20]滕绍民.自走式青饲收割机不分行割台切割机理的研究[D].北京:中国农业机械化科学研究院,2004Study of cutting mechanism on self-propelled row independent forage harvester’s cutter bar[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,2004(in Chinese)
[21]王宏立,张伟,董晓威,李庆达,李宝玉.玉米根茬剪切力学性能试验与分析[J].实验力学,2014,29(1):73-82Wang H L,Zhang W,Dong X W,Li Q D,Li B Y.Experiment and analysis of shear mechanical property of corn stubbles[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2014,29(1):73-82(in Chinese)