基于最小切块应力的西兰花切块加工刀具参数优化研究
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摘要
为了给西兰花切块机的设计提供理论依据,获得最佳切块效果,该文以收获期的西兰花作为切块对象,选择西兰花切块位置、刀具刃角、刀具结构以及入切角为影响因素,在万能材料试验机上进行了单因素与多因素的切应力试验,单因素试验结果表明:切块位置为距离花蕾顶端40 mm、光刀、入切角为60?、刀具刃角为5?~10?之间时切应力最小。多因素试验结果表明:影响切应力的因素主次次序依次是切块位置、刀具结构、刀具刃角、入切角;切块位置为距离花蕾顶端40mm、刀具结构为球形刀、刀具刃角为8?、入切角为90?时切块效果最佳。根据试验优化结果设计了西兰花切块刀具,并在自制的切块样机上进行了切块试验,切块效果良好,切块成功率达到91%,验证了刀具参数优化的合理性。研究结果可为后续西兰花切块机切块刀具的设计提供参考。
In order to explore the effect of the broccoli cutter working parameters on cutting characteristics of broccoli branch stalk as well as to optimize the working parameters of the cutting blade, the cutting tests of broccoli branch stalk were performed with electronic universal material testing machine cutting test-bed. The samples were the outer branch stalk of broccoli with same diameter. The main test equipment included the electronic universal material testing machine, blades and cutting stand, a digital camera and its image processing and analysis software ImageJ, scorpion, meter ruler, vernier caliper, protractor and marker pen. The test method and scheme were designed based on the measurement and control system of the universal material testing machine, the data measured by the pressure sensor on the universal material testing machine automatically displayed, relation curve of cutting force and time of cutting blade could be get. The maximum cutting force obtained during the cutting process was taken as the maximum cutting force FMS of broccoli branch stalk. Some researchers considered that it is more reasonable to use unit cutting force as the research target. therefore, in order to eliminate the influence of the diameter difference of broccoli branch stalk on the experimental results, the maximum cutting force per unit area was taken as the target value. The influence of the cutting blade working parameters on the maximum cutting force were studied, the cutting blade working parameters include blade structure, blade angle, cutting angle and cutting position on the branch stalk. The cutting tests were grouped into the single factor tests, multi-factor orthogonal test. The testing factors were cutting position(ranging from 30-50 mm), cutting blades(cone blade、straight blade、spherical blade), blade angle(5?-17?), cutting angle(45?-90?). Multi-factor orthogonal method was a three-factor three-level testing scheme. The multi-factor orthogonal method used to optimize the working parameters of broccoli cutter. The multi-factor test results showed that the change trends of the objective values(the maximum cutting force per unit cutting area) with the changes of the testing factors were basically consistent with the results of the single factor tests. Single factor test results show that the dicing performance is best when the cutting position is 40 mm, the straight blade, the cutting angle is 60?, and the blade edge angle is 5?-10?. The results of multi-factor test showed that the position of the cutting, the structure of the blade, the blade angle and the cutting angle of the cutting tests were the primary and secondary factors that affect the cutting performance, the cutting position was 40 mm, the blade structure was spherical blade, blade edge angle was 8? and the cutting angle is 90?. According to the experimental optimization results, the broccoli cutter was designed, and the cutting test was carried out on the prototype. The cutting effect was good and the cutting success rate reached 91%, the mean value of cutting force was 18.32 kPa, which is basically close to the theoretical value of 17.45 kPa, it verified the rationality of tool parameter setting. The study results provided theoretical support for the development of subsequent broccoli cutting machine and cutting blade parameters.
In order to explore the effect of the broccoli cutter working parameters on cutting characteristics of broccoli branch stalk as well as to optimize the working parameters of the cutting blade, the cutting tests of broccoli branch stalk were performed with electronic universal material testing machine cutting test-bed. The samples were the outer branch stalk of broccoli with same diameter. The main test equipment included the electronic universal material testing machine, blades and cutting stand, a digital camera and its image processing and analysis software ImageJ, scorpion, meter ruler, vernier caliper, protractor and marker pen. The test method and scheme were designed based on the measurement and control system of the universal material testing machine, the data measured by the pressure sensor on the universal material testing machine automatically displayed, relation curve of cutting force and time of cutting blade could be get. The maximum cutting force obtained during the cutting process was taken as the maximum cutting force FMS of broccoli branch stalk. Some researchers considered that it is more reasonable to use unit cutting force as the research target. therefore, in order to eliminate the influence of the diameter difference of broccoli branch stalk on the experimental results, the maximum cutting force per unit area was taken as the target value. The influence of the cutting blade working parameters on the maximum cutting force were studied, the cutting blade working parameters include blade structure, blade angle, cutting angle and cutting position on the branch stalk. The cutting tests were grouped into the single factor tests, multi-factor orthogonal test. The testing factors were cutting position(ranging from 30-50 mm), cutting blades(cone blade、straight blade、spherical blade), blade angle(5?-17?), cutting angle(45?-90?). Multi-factor orthogonal method was a three-factor three-level testing scheme. The multi-factor orthogonal method used to optimize the working parameters of broccoli cutter. The multi-factor test results showed that the change trends of the objective values(the maximum cutting force per unit cutting area) with the changes of the testing factors were basically consistent with the results of the single factor tests. Single factor test results show that the dicing performance is best when the cutting position is 40 mm, the straight blade, the cutting angle is 60?, and the blade edge angle is 5?-10?. The results of multi-factor test showed that the position of the cutting, the structure of the blade, the blade angle and the cutting angle of the cutting tests were the primary and secondary factors that affect the cutting performance, the cutting position was 40 mm, the blade structure was spherical blade, blade edge angle was 8? and the cutting angle is 90?. According to the experimental optimization results, the broccoli cutter was designed, and the cutting test was carried out on the prototype. The cutting effect was good and the cutting success rate reached 91%, the mean value of cutting force was 18.32 kPa, which is basically close to the theoretical value of 17.45 kPa, it verified the rationality of tool parameter setting. The study results provided theoretical support for the development of subsequent broccoli cutting machine and cutting blade parameters.
引文
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[2]屈为栋,何道根,苏英京.台州市西兰花产业现状、存在问题及发展对策[J].浙江农业科学,2009(6):1062-1065.Qu Weidong,He Daogen,Su Yingjing.Current status,existing problems and development countermeasures of broccoli industry in Taizhou City[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2009(6):1062-1065.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]肖体琼,何春霞,陈巧敏,等.基于机械化生产视角的中国蔬菜成本收益分析[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):75-82.Xiao Tiqiong,He Chunxia,Chen Qiaomin,et al.Analysis of chinese vegetable cost and income based on mechanized production perspective[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society forAgricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):75-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]武传宇,杨太玮,童俊华,等.旋转式花椰菜切削装置:中国专利,CN106863444A[P].2017-06-20.
[5]贺磊盈,刘晓晨,童俊华.茎花分离式西兰花自动切削装置:中国专利,CN106863443A[P].2017-06-20.
[6]Brussel sprout trimming machines[Z].http://www.mhmelincolnshire.com/index.htm,2018-10-26.
[7]Air-driven broccoli floret machine[Z].http://charliesmachineandsupply.com/catalog/broccolifloret.shtml,2018-10-26.
[8]王洪明,王芳,杨铮,等.向日葵茎秆切割阻力影响因素试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(5):102-107.Wang Hongming,Wang Fang,Yang Zheng,et al.Experimental study on influencing factors of cutting resistance of sunflower stem[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2018,23(5):102-107.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]杨静,李晓莲,郭楠.啤酒花茎秆力学性能与微观结构的试验研究[J].农业机械,2017,42(3):93-94,96.Yang Jing,Li Xiaolian,Guo Nan.Experimental study on mechanical properties and microstructure of hops stalks[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2017,42(3):93-94,96.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]袁巧霞,胡凌.莲藕切割阻力影响因素试验分析[J].农业机械学报,2008,36(2):208-211.Yuan Qiaoxia,Hu Ling.Experimental analysis of influence factors on cutting resistance of lotus root[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,36(2):208-211.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]吴良军,杨洲,段洁利,等.龙眼树枝修剪机具刀片切割力的影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(24):8-14.Wu Liangjun,Yang Zhou,Duan Jieli,et al.Influencing factors of cutting force of longan branch tree trimmer blade[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(24):8-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]宋占华,宋华鲁,耿爱军,等.棉花秸秆双支撑切割性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(16):37-45.Song Zhanhua,Song Hualu,Geng Aijun,et al.Experimental study on double-support cutting performance of cotton straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(16):37-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]杜冬冬,王俊,裘姗姗.甘蓝根茎部切割部位及方式优化试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):34-40.Du Dongdong,Wang Jun,Qiu Shanshan.Optimization of cutting position and mode for cabbage harvesting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(12):34-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张世福,宋占华,闫银发,等.农作物秸秆切割试验台测控系统的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(增刊1):10-17.Zhang Shifu,Song Zhanhua,Yan Yinfa,et al.Development and experiment of the measure and control system for stalk cutting test bench[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(Supp.1):10-17.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]滕绍民,王泽群,李洋,等.切割方式与切割阻力的理论研究[J].农机化研究,2009,31(5):89-90,96.Teng Shaomin,Wang Zequn,Li Yang,et al.Theoretical study on cutting method and cutting resistance[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(5):89-90,96
[16]刘庆庭,区颖刚,卿上乐,等.甘蔗茎秆切割力试验[J].农业工程学报,2007,33(7):90-94.Liu Qingting,Ou Yinggang,Qing Shangle,et al.The cutting force test of sugarcane stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2007,33(7):90-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]靳瑞生.玉米收获机茎秆切割刀体设计与改进[J].农业机械,2009,18(13):74-75.Jin Ruisheng.Design and improvement of stem cutter body for corn harvester[J].Agricultural Machinery,2009,18(13):74-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]吴明亮,官春云,汤楚宙,等.油菜茎秆切割力影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):141-144.Wu Mingliang,Guan Chunyun,Tang Chuzhou,et al.Experimental study on influencing factors of cutting power of rapeseed stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(6):141-144.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]A.Ince;S.U?urluay;E.Güzel;et al.Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(2):175-181.
[20]Chen Ying,Jean Louis Gratton,Liu Jude.Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning[J].Biosystems Engineering,2003,87(4):417-424.
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