收获期马铃薯茎秧切割强度的试验研究
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摘要
针对现有马铃薯杀秧机存在杀秧阻力大,打碎长度合格率低,带薯率高,作业效率低等问题,采用BoxBehnken试验设计原理,依照三因素三水平响应面分析方法建立切割方式、切割速度、切割高度与切割强度的数学模型,对各因素之间的交互作用进行分析,并对刀型和切割方式进行单因素试验研究。结果表明:刀型和切割方式对马铃薯茎秧的切割强度均达到极显著影响(P<0.01),锯齿刀优于光刀,滑切优于正切;切割方式,切割高度对切割强度影响极显著(P<0.01),切割速度对切割强度影响较显著,三因素的交互作用均不显著(P>0.05);切割方式、切割高度和切割速度对马铃薯茎秧切割强度的影响依次由强到弱。
In order to solve the problems of existing potato seedling killing machine including high resistance to seedling,low rate of breaking length,high tuber rate and low operation efficiency,a Box-Behnken experimental design with three factors and three levels was performed.Parameters influencing cutting vine efficiency such as cutting type,cutting speed and cutting height were selected as independent variables.A mathematical model was established,and the effects of various parameters and their interactions were analyzed as well.The results of multi-factor test showed that the cutter and the cutting type had very significant effect on the cutting strength of potato vine(P<0.01),the cutting strength with serrated blade was smaller than smooth blade in the way of slide cutting;cutting type and cutting height had a highly significant effect on the cutting strength of potato vine(P<0.01).The cutting speed also had significant influence on the cutting strength.The interaction of the three factors was not significant(P>0.05),The order of influence on cutting strength was cutting type,cutting height and cutting speed.
In order to solve the problems of existing potato seedling killing machine including high resistance to seedling,low rate of breaking length,high tuber rate and low operation efficiency,a Box-Behnken experimental design with three factors and three levels was performed.Parameters influencing cutting vine efficiency such as cutting type,cutting speed and cutting height were selected as independent variables.A mathematical model was established,and the effects of various parameters and their interactions were analyzed as well.The results of multi-factor test showed that the cutter and the cutting type had very significant effect on the cutting strength of potato vine(P<0.01),the cutting strength with serrated blade was smaller than smooth blade in the way of slide cutting;cutting type and cutting height had a highly significant effect on the cutting strength of potato vine(P<0.01).The cutting speed also had significant influence on the cutting strength.The interaction of the three factors was not significant(P>0.05),The order of influence on cutting strength was cutting type,cutting height and cutting speed.
引文
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[7]陈超科,李法德,闫银发,高天浩,李玉道,宋占华.高粱秸秆力学特性的试验[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(5):130-135,159Chen C K,Li F D,Yan Y F,Gao T H,Li Y D,Song Z H.Experimentalstudyonsorghumstalksmechanics characteristics[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(5):130-135,159(in Chinese)
[8]李玉道,杜现军,宋占华,李法德.棉花秸秆剪切力学性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):124-128Li Y D,Du X J,Song Z H,Li F D.Test of shear mechanical properties of cotton stalks[J]Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(2):124-128(in Chinese)
[9]罗海峰,汤楚宙,邹冬生,李顺春,吴万刚,邹运梅.龙须草茎秆往复式切割试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):13-17Luo H F,Tang C Z,Zou D S,Li S C,Wu W G,Zou Y M.Experiment on reciprocating cutting of Eulaliopsis binatastem[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(2):13-17(in Chinese)
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[11]朱新华,赵洲,郭文川.面向采摘机械手的蒜薹力学特性试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(7):98-104Zhu X H,Zhao Z,Guo W C.Experimental study on mechanicalpropertiesofgarlic-stemforharvesting manipulator[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(7):98-104(in Chinese)
[12]李小城,刘梅英,牛智有.小麦秸秆剪切力学性能的测试[J].华中农业大学学报,2012,31(2):253-257Li X C,Liu M Y,Niu Z Y.Test of shear mechanical properties of wheat stalks[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2012,31(2):253-257(in Chinese)
[13]高梦祥,郭康权,杨中平,李星恕.玉米茎秆的力学特性测试研究[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(4):47-49Gao M X,Guo K Q,Yang Z P,Li X S.Study on mechanical properties of cornstalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2003,34(4):47-49(in Chinese)
[14]赵湛,李耀明,徐立章,宋淑君.超级稻单茎秆切割力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):72-75Zhao Z,Li Y M,Xu L Z,Song S J.Experiment on cutting mechanical property of single super rice stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):72-75(in Chinese)
[15]吴明亮,官春云,汤楚宙,陈社员,罗海峰,谢方平.油菜茎秆切割力影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报.2009,25(6):141-144Wu M L,Guan C Y,Tang C Z,Chen S Y,Luo H F,Xie F P.Experiments on influencing factors of cutting force of rape stem[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(6):141-144(in Chinese)
[16]沈成,李显旺,张彬,田昆鹏,黄继成,陈巧敏.苎麻茎秆台架切割试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):68-76Shen C,Li X W,Zhang B,Tian K P,Huang J C,Chen Q M.Bench experiment and analysis on ramie stalk cutting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(1):68-76(in Chinese)
[17]郭维俊,王芬娥,黄高宝,马守才,郭兰中.小麦叶片力学性能及其微观结构研究[J].中国农机化,2010,32(4):68-70,77Guo W J,Wang F E,Huang G B,Ma S C,Guo L Z.Study on mechanical properties and micro-structure of wheat leaves[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2010,32(4):68-70,77(in Chinese)
[18]庞声海.关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982,13(2):64-69Pang S H.On the theory of sliding cutting and the choice of its angle[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,1982,13(2):64-69(in Chinese)
[19]赵湛,李耀明,徐立章,宋淑君.超级稻单茎杆切割力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):72-75Zhao Z,Li Y M,Xu L Z,Song S J.Experment on cutting mechanical property of single super rice stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):72-75(in Chinese)
[20]张世福,宋占华,闫银发,李玉道,李法德.农作物秸秆切割试验台测控系统的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(S1):10-17Zhang S F,Song Z H,Yan Y F,Li Y D,Li F D.Development and experiment of measure and control system for stalk cutting test bench[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(S1):10-17(in Chinese)
[21]滕绍民,王泽群,李洋,杨宏伟,李雷霞.切割方式与切割阻力的理论研究[J].农机化研究,2009:31(5):89-90,96Teng S M,Wang Z Q,Li Y,Yang H W,Li L X.The theory study of the cutting ways and cutting resistance[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009(5):89-90,96(in Chinese)
[22]李莉,张赛,何强,胡学斌.响应面法在试验设计与优化中的应用[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(8):41-45Li L,Zhang S,He Q,Hu X B.Application of response surface methodology in experiment design and optimization[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2015,34(8):41-45(in Chinese)
[23]张涵.苜蓿茎秆剪切特性及切割参数的试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015Zhang H. Study on theshear properties and cutting parameters of alfalfa stem[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015(in Chinese)
[2]周申,蒋金琳,田艳清,李字赠,岳群,占长龄.小型马铃薯杀秧机的设计与田间试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(11):122-125Zhou S,Jiang J L,Tian Y Q,Li Z Z,Yue Q,Zhan C L.Design and field trial of a small haulm topper[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014,36(11):122-125(in Chinese)
[3]冯斌,孙伟,吴建民.马铃薯杀秧机刀片的试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(1):26-29Feng B,Sun W,Wu J M.Experimental study on potato vine killing machine blade[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(1):26-29(in Chinese)
[4]吕金庆,尚琴琴,杨颖,李紫辉,李季成,刘中原.马铃薯杀秧机设计优化与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):106-114,98LüJ Q,Shang Q Q,Yang Y,Li Z H,Li J C.Liu Z Y.Design optimization and experiment on potato haulm cutter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):106-114,98(in Chinese)
[5]冯斌,孙伟,王蒂,张俊莲,张华,石林榕,吴建民.甩刀式马铃薯杀秧机的设计与试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(4):269-274Feng B,Sun W,Wang D,Zhang J L,Zhang H,Shi L R,Wu J M.Design and experiment on flail potato vine cutting machine[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(04):269-274(in Chinese)
[6]孙景彬,李学强,王相友.马铃薯杀秧机的优化设计与分析[J].农机化研究,2017,39(7):83-88Sun J B,Li X Q,Wang X Y.Optimization design and analysis of potato seedling cutter[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(7):83-88(in Chinese)
[7]陈超科,李法德,闫银发,高天浩,李玉道,宋占华.高粱秸秆力学特性的试验[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(5):130-135,159Chen C K,Li F D,Yan Y F,Gao T H,Li Y D,Song Z H.Experimentalstudyonsorghumstalksmechanics characteristics[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(5):130-135,159(in Chinese)
[8]李玉道,杜现军,宋占华,李法德.棉花秸秆剪切力学性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):124-128Li Y D,Du X J,Song Z H,Li F D.Test of shear mechanical properties of cotton stalks[J]Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(2):124-128(in Chinese)
[9]罗海峰,汤楚宙,邹冬生,李顺春,吴万刚,邹运梅.龙须草茎秆往复式切割试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):13-17Luo H F,Tang C Z,Zou D S,Li S C,Wu W G,Zou Y M.Experiment on reciprocating cutting of Eulaliopsis binatastem[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(2):13-17(in Chinese)
[10]杜冬冬,王俊,裘姗姗.甘蓝根茎部切割部位及方式优化试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):34-40Du D D,Wang J,Qiu S S.Optimization of cutting position and mode for cabbage harvesting[J]Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(12):34-40(in Chinese)
[11]朱新华,赵洲,郭文川.面向采摘机械手的蒜薹力学特性试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(7):98-104Zhu X H,Zhao Z,Guo W C.Experimental study on mechanicalpropertiesofgarlic-stemforharvesting manipulator[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(7):98-104(in Chinese)
[12]李小城,刘梅英,牛智有.小麦秸秆剪切力学性能的测试[J].华中农业大学学报,2012,31(2):253-257Li X C,Liu M Y,Niu Z Y.Test of shear mechanical properties of wheat stalks[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2012,31(2):253-257(in Chinese)
[13]高梦祥,郭康权,杨中平,李星恕.玉米茎秆的力学特性测试研究[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(4):47-49Gao M X,Guo K Q,Yang Z P,Li X S.Study on mechanical properties of cornstalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2003,34(4):47-49(in Chinese)
[14]赵湛,李耀明,徐立章,宋淑君.超级稻单茎秆切割力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):72-75Zhao Z,Li Y M,Xu L Z,Song S J.Experiment on cutting mechanical property of single super rice stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):72-75(in Chinese)
[15]吴明亮,官春云,汤楚宙,陈社员,罗海峰,谢方平.油菜茎秆切割力影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报.2009,25(6):141-144Wu M L,Guan C Y,Tang C Z,Chen S Y,Luo H F,Xie F P.Experiments on influencing factors of cutting force of rape stem[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(6):141-144(in Chinese)
[16]沈成,李显旺,张彬,田昆鹏,黄继成,陈巧敏.苎麻茎秆台架切割试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):68-76Shen C,Li X W,Zhang B,Tian K P,Huang J C,Chen Q M.Bench experiment and analysis on ramie stalk cutting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(1):68-76(in Chinese)
[17]郭维俊,王芬娥,黄高宝,马守才,郭兰中.小麦叶片力学性能及其微观结构研究[J].中国农机化,2010,32(4):68-70,77Guo W J,Wang F E,Huang G B,Ma S C,Guo L Z.Study on mechanical properties and micro-structure of wheat leaves[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2010,32(4):68-70,77(in Chinese)
[18]庞声海.关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982,13(2):64-69Pang S H.On the theory of sliding cutting and the choice of its angle[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,1982,13(2):64-69(in Chinese)
[19]赵湛,李耀明,徐立章,宋淑君.超级稻单茎杆切割力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):72-75Zhao Z,Li Y M,Xu L Z,Song S J.Experment on cutting mechanical property of single super rice stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):72-75(in Chinese)
[20]张世福,宋占华,闫银发,李玉道,李法德.农作物秸秆切割试验台测控系统的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(S1):10-17Zhang S F,Song Z H,Yan Y F,Li Y D,Li F D.Development and experiment of measure and control system for stalk cutting test bench[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(S1):10-17(in Chinese)
[21]滕绍民,王泽群,李洋,杨宏伟,李雷霞.切割方式与切割阻力的理论研究[J].农机化研究,2009:31(5):89-90,96Teng S M,Wang Z Q,Li Y,Yang H W,Li L X.The theory study of the cutting ways and cutting resistance[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009(5):89-90,96(in Chinese)
[22]李莉,张赛,何强,胡学斌.响应面法在试验设计与优化中的应用[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(8):41-45Li L,Zhang S,He Q,Hu X B.Application of response surface methodology in experiment design and optimization[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2015,34(8):41-45(in Chinese)
[23]张涵.苜蓿茎秆剪切特性及切割参数的试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015Zhang H. Study on theshear properties and cutting parameters of alfalfa stem[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015(in Chinese)