复杂断裂精细解释技术组合及其应用
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摘要
研究区的断裂系统非常复杂,主要表现在断层密集、延伸短、断距小、搭接关系复杂多样,应用常规地震解释方法无法有效刻画,断层平面组合难度极大。为此,集成了构造导向滤波、层位断层交互解释、分频相干多尺度断层成像、微弱信号增强及多属性、多信息融合等技术,形成了复杂断裂精细解释技术组合,其流程分为叠后解释性处理、断层初步解释、断层精细刻画、成果校验与输出。应用该技术组合,完成了M区复杂断裂的精细解释,准确落实30个断块圈闭,部署井位20口,钻探成功率高达90%,新发现4个油田,证明了提出的复杂断裂精细解释技术组合的有效性。
The fault system in the study area features high complexity,and it is characterized by highdensity faults,short extend length,small displacement,and complicated relationship between faults.Thus,conventional seismic interpretation methods are not adequate to describe this fault system due to very complicated fault planar connections.For this reason,we propose a multi-technique combination for this complex fault system interpretation.This technology portfolio consists of structure-oriented filtering,horizon-fault interaction interpretation,discrete frequency coherency multi-scale fault imaging,weak signal enhancement,and multi-attribute and multi-information fusion.The process of the technology portfolio includes poststack interpretative processing,preliminary fault interpretation,elaborate fault characterization,achievement verification,and output.The technology portfolio is applied in complex faults of the area M.The results are very encouraging:30 traps confirmed,90%drilling success ratio achieved based on proposed 20 wells,and 4 commercial oilfields discovered,which proves the validity of the proposed technology portfolio.
The fault system in the study area features high complexity,and it is characterized by highdensity faults,short extend length,small displacement,and complicated relationship between faults.Thus,conventional seismic interpretation methods are not adequate to describe this fault system due to very complicated fault planar connections.For this reason,we propose a multi-technique combination for this complex fault system interpretation.This technology portfolio consists of structure-oriented filtering,horizon-fault interaction interpretation,discrete frequency coherency multi-scale fault imaging,weak signal enhancement,and multi-attribute and multi-information fusion.The process of the technology portfolio includes poststack interpretative processing,preliminary fault interpretation,elaborate fault characterization,achievement verification,and output.The technology portfolio is applied in complex faults of the area M.The results are very encouraging:30 traps confirmed,90%drilling success ratio achieved based on proposed 20 wells,and 4 commercial oilfields discovered,which proves the validity of the proposed technology portfolio.
引文
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[12] 王霞,汪关妹,刘冬琴,等.地震体属性分析技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):45-49.WANG Xia,WANG Guanmei,LIU Dongqin,et al.Analysis of seismic volume attributes and their application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):45-49.
[13] 谢舟,李斌,徐红霞,等.多属性分析技术在桑塔木油田断块油气藏中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):181-188.XIE Zhou,LI Bin,XU Hongxia,et al.Seismic multi-attribute analysis used in the development of Sangtamu Oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):181-188.
[14] 夏玲燕,吴汉宁,柏冠军.柴达木盆地航磁资料微弱信息增强技术研究及在线性构造识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1058-1062.XIA Lingyan,WU Hanning,BAI Guanjun.Researchon enhancing weak signal technology and recognition of linear structure using aerial-magnetic data in the Qaidam Basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4):1058-1062.
[15] 周赏,王永莉,韩天宝,等.小断层综合解释技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):50-54.ZHOU Shang,WANG Yongli,HAN Tianbao,et al.Minor fault joint-interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):50-54.
[16] 周丽萍,朱峰,罗瑛,等.特色解释技术在准噶尔盆地腹部“两宽一高”三维地震中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):84-91.ZHOU Liping,ZHU Feng,LUO Ying,et al.Special interpretation techniques for broadband,wide-azimuth,and high-density 3D seismic data in the hinterland of Junggar Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):84-91.
[17] 姜秀娣,翁斌,刘亚茹,等.分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):882-888.JIANG Xiudi,WENG Bin,LIU Yaru,et a1.Application of spectral decomposition RGB plotting technique for spectral components in high accuracy seismic interpretation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):882-888.
[18] 刘静静,刘震,齐宇,等.地震分频处理技术预测深水储集体[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):80-87.LIU Jingjing,LIU Zhen,QI Yu,et al.Prediction of deep-water reservoir by seismic frequency division technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):80-87.
[19] 李艳芳,程建远,朱书阶,等.基于RGB渲染技术的地震多属性分析技术[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(11):1512-1516.LI Yanfang,CHENG Jianyuan,ZHU Shujie,et al.Seismic multi-attribute analysis based on RGB color blending technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(11):1512-1516.
[2] 刘慧,王海燕,王莉,等.地震多属性分析技术在蠡县南的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):104-109.LIU Hui,WANG Haiyan,WANG Li,et al.Seismic multi-attribute analysis for the Southern Lixian Slope[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):104-109.
[3] 杨葆军,杨长春,陈雨红,等.自适应时窗相干体计算技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(3):436-442.YANG Baojun,YANG Changchun,CHEN Yuhong,et al.Coherence calculation with adaptive windows and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(3):436-442.
[4] 柏冠军,赵汝敏,杨松岭,等.复杂断块断裂精细刻画新技术及其应用[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(3):19-22.BAI Guanjun,ZHAO Rumin,YANG Songling,et al.A new technique to delicately depict faults in complex faulted blocks and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(3):19-22.
[5] 李祥,侯安平,姜太亮,等.特色解释技术在柴达木盆地台吉乃尔地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):162-168.LI Xiang,HOU Anping,JIANG Tailiang,et al.Special interpretation techniques used in Taijinaier,Qai-dam Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):162-168.
[6] 施尚明,刘晓文,张景军,等.复杂地区三维地震资料高效解释方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):936-941.SHI Shangming,LIU Xiaowen,ZHANG Jingjun,et al.3D seismic data high efficiency interpretation in complex areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(5):936-941.
[7] 王从镔,龚洪林,许多年,等.高分辨率相干体分析技术及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1575-1578.WANG Congbin,GONG Honglin,XU Duonian,et al.High-resolution coherency analysis technique and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1575-1578.
[8] 李伟,岳大力,胡光义,等.分频段地震属性优选及砂体预测方法——秦皇岛32-6油田北区实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):121-130.LI Wei,YUE Dali,HU Guangyi,et al.Frequency segmented seismic attribute optimization and sand body distribution prediction:an example in North Block,Qinhuangdao 32-6 Oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):121-130.
[9] 尹川,杜向东,赵汝敏,等.小波分频倾角相干在复杂断裂解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(2):346-350.YIN Chuan,DU Xiangdong,ZHAO Rumin,et al.Dip-steering similarity based on wavelet decomposition in complex fault interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(2):346-350.
[10] 陈波,孙德胜,朱筱敏,等.利用地震数据分频相干技术检测火山岩裂缝[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):610-613.CHEN Bo,SUN Desheng,ZHU Xiaomin,et al.Fracture detection in volcanic rocks using discrete frequency coherency cubes on full-azimuth seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(4):610-613.
[11] 黄立良,韩少博,刘兴,等.应用构造导向滤波技术识别隐蔽断层[J].工程地球物理学报,2014,11(4):446-450.HUANG Liliang,HAN Shaobo,LIU Xing,et al.The application of structure-oriented filtering technology to identifying hidden fault[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2014,11(4):446-450.
[12] 王霞,汪关妹,刘冬琴,等.地震体属性分析技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):45-49.WANG Xia,WANG Guanmei,LIU Dongqin,et al.Analysis of seismic volume attributes and their application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):45-49.
[13] 谢舟,李斌,徐红霞,等.多属性分析技术在桑塔木油田断块油气藏中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):181-188.XIE Zhou,LI Bin,XU Hongxia,et al.Seismic multi-attribute analysis used in the development of Sangtamu Oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):181-188.
[14] 夏玲燕,吴汉宁,柏冠军.柴达木盆地航磁资料微弱信息增强技术研究及在线性构造识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1058-1062.XIA Lingyan,WU Hanning,BAI Guanjun.Researchon enhancing weak signal technology and recognition of linear structure using aerial-magnetic data in the Qaidam Basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4):1058-1062.
[15] 周赏,王永莉,韩天宝,等.小断层综合解释技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):50-54.ZHOU Shang,WANG Yongli,HAN Tianbao,et al.Minor fault joint-interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):50-54.
[16] 周丽萍,朱峰,罗瑛,等.特色解释技术在准噶尔盆地腹部“两宽一高”三维地震中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):84-91.ZHOU Liping,ZHU Feng,LUO Ying,et al.Special interpretation techniques for broadband,wide-azimuth,and high-density 3D seismic data in the hinterland of Junggar Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):84-91.
[17] 姜秀娣,翁斌,刘亚茹,等.分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):882-888.JIANG Xiudi,WENG Bin,LIU Yaru,et a1.Application of spectral decomposition RGB plotting technique for spectral components in high accuracy seismic interpretation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):882-888.
[18] 刘静静,刘震,齐宇,等.地震分频处理技术预测深水储集体[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):80-87.LIU Jingjing,LIU Zhen,QI Yu,et al.Prediction of deep-water reservoir by seismic frequency division technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):80-87.
[19] 李艳芳,程建远,朱书阶,等.基于RGB渲染技术的地震多属性分析技术[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(11):1512-1516.LI Yanfang,CHENG Jianyuan,ZHU Shujie,et al.Seismic multi-attribute analysis based on RGB color blending technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(11):1512-1516.