基于新型三相锁频环的锁相技术
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摘要
锁相技术是分布式发电系统并网运行最基本的技术要求之一。针对在电网电压频率发生突变时传统锁相环PLL无法准确锁定电压相位的问题,本文提出了一种新型三相锁频环FLL。首先说明了因非理想微分运算导致频率估算时产生稳态误差的原理;然后详细分析了非理想电网条件下可能存在的3类误差源,并提出相应的解决方案;最后,系统地阐述了新型锁频环工作原理和参数设计的方法,并在Matlab/Simulink建立了相应的仿真模型,与基于dq同步坐标变换的三相同步锁相环SRF-PLL方法进行了对比实验。结果证明,该新型三相锁频环的动态响应速度很快,频率突变时的锁相性能比传统锁相环更好,具有很好的实用价值。
Phase-locked technology is one of the basic technical requirements for the grid-connected operation of a distributed generation system. When there is a step change in voltage frequency,the traditional phase-locked loop(PLL)cannot precisely lock the voltage phase. To solve this problem,a novel three-phase frequency-locked loop(FLL)is put forward in this paper. First,the principle of steady-state error generated in frequency estimation due to the non-ideal differential operation is introduced. Then,three kinds of error sources that may exist under non-ideal grid conditions are analyzed in detail,and the corresponding solutions are proposed. At last,the working principle and parametric design method for the novel FLL are analyzed systematically;in addition,the corresponding simulation model is established in Matlab/Simulink,and it is experimentally compared with the three-phase synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop(SRF-PLL)method based on the synchronous coordinate transformation of dq. Simulation results prove that the novel three-phase FLL has fast dynamic response,and it also has better phase-locked performance than the traditional PLL when there is a step change in frequency,which is of practical values.
Phase-locked technology is one of the basic technical requirements for the grid-connected operation of a distributed generation system. When there is a step change in voltage frequency,the traditional phase-locked loop(PLL)cannot precisely lock the voltage phase. To solve this problem,a novel three-phase frequency-locked loop(FLL)is put forward in this paper. First,the principle of steady-state error generated in frequency estimation due to the non-ideal differential operation is introduced. Then,three kinds of error sources that may exist under non-ideal grid conditions are analyzed in detail,and the corresponding solutions are proposed. At last,the working principle and parametric design method for the novel FLL are analyzed systematically;in addition,the corresponding simulation model is established in Matlab/Simulink,and it is experimentally compared with the three-phase synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop(SRF-PLL)method based on the synchronous coordinate transformation of dq. Simulation results prove that the novel three-phase FLL has fast dynamic response,and it also has better phase-locked performance than the traditional PLL when there is a step change in frequency,which is of practical values.
引文
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[10]李希年,庞清乐,孙静(Li Xinian,Pang Qingle,Sun Jing).基于广义旋转角的三相锁相环(Three-phase PLL based on generalized rotation angle)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2018,30(7):45-50.
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[12]庞浩,俎云霄,王赞基(Pang Hao,Zu Yunxiao,Wang Zan?ji).一种新型的全数字锁相环(A new design of all digi?tal phase-locked loop)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceed?ings of the CSEE),2003,23(2):37-41,131.
[13]琚兴宝,徐至新,邹建龙,等(Ju Xingbao,Xu Zhixin,Zou Jianlong,et al).基于DSP的三相软件锁相环设计(De?sign of SPLL based on DSP)[J].通信电源技术(Telecom Power Technologies),2004,21(5):1-4.
[14]周国梁,石新春,付超(Zhou Guoliang,Shi Xinchun,Fu Chao).三相电压畸变条件下软件锁相环分析与实现(Operation of a software phase locked loop under distort?ed three-phase voltage)[J].电力电子技术(Power Elec?tronics),2007,41(7):47-49.
[15]梁海涛,苏建徽,张国荣(Liang Haitao,Su Jianhui,Zhang Guorong).基于三相软件锁相环的动态电压恢复器的研究(Study of dynamic voltage restorer based on three phase software phase-locked loop)[J].金陵科技学院学报(Journal of Jinling Institute of Technology),2005,21(4):22-25.
[16] Kaura V,Blasko V. Operation of a phase locked loop sys?tem under distorted utility conditions[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1997,33(1):58-63.
[17]龚锦霞,解大,张延迟(Gong Jinxia,Xie Da,Zhang Yan?chi).三相数字锁相环的原理及性能(Principle and per?formance of the three-phase digital phase-locked loop)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2009,24(10):94-99,121.
[18]王炳昱,熊炜,刘冬梅(Wang Bingyu,Xiong Wei,Liu Dongmei).基于dq变换的电压暂降检测方法对比分析(The comparative analysis of voltage sag detection based on dq transform method)[J].电气技术(Electrical Engi?neering),2015(7):53-57.
[2]刘志刚,汪至中,范瑜,等(Liu Zhigang,Wang Zhizhong,Fan Yu,et al).新型可再生能源发电馈网系统研究(Study on feeding electric energy generated by renewable sources into utility grid)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2003,18(4):108-113.
[3]戴欣平,马广,杨晓红(Dai Xinping,Ma Guang,Yang Xiaohong).太阳能发电变频器驱动系统的最大功率追踪控制法(A control method for maximum power tracing of photovoltaic generation system)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2005,25(8):95-99.
[4]程世军,张粒子(Cheng Shijun,Zhang Lizi).风力发电系统中储能容量的优化配置(Energy storage capacity opti?mization for wind power generation system)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2015,27(3):71-75.
[5]张兴,张龙云,杨淑英,等(Zhang Xing,Zhang Longyun,Yang Shuying,et al).风力发电低电压穿越技术综述(Low voltage ride-through technologies in wind turbine generation)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2008,20(2):1-8.
[6]许津铭,谢少军,张斌锋(Xu Jinming,Xie Shaojun,Zhang Binfeng).分布式发电系统中LCL滤波并网逆变器电流控制研究综述(Overview of current control tech?niques for grid-connected inverters with LCL filters indis?tributed power generation systems)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2015,35(16):4153-4166.
[7]全宇,年珩(Quan Yu,Nian Heng).不平衡及谐波电网下并网逆变器的谐振滑模控制技术(Resonance-based sliding mode control of grid connected inverters underun?balanced and harmonic grid voltages)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(9):1345-1352.
[8]李毅拓,陆海峰,瞿文龙,等(Li Yituo,Lu Haifeng,Qu Wenlong,et al).基于谐振调节器的永磁同步电机电流谐波抑制方法(A permanent magnet synchronous motor current suppression method based on resonant controllers)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(3):423-430.
[9]陈志伟,白保东,于江华,等(Chen Zhiwei,Bai Baodong,Yu Jianghua,et al).基于变感式电抗器的矢量控制系统谐波抑制技术研究(The research of vector control sys?tem harmonic suppression technology based on variableinductance reactor)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2015,30(12):284-290.
[10]李希年,庞清乐,孙静(Li Xinian,Pang Qingle,Sun Jing).基于广义旋转角的三相锁相环(Three-phase PLL based on generalized rotation angle)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2018,30(7):45-50.
[11]胡为兵,李开成(Hu Weibing,Li Kaicheng).电力系统实时相位同步方法的研究和比较(Comparison and study on real-time phase synchronization methods)[J].电测与仪表(Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation),2007,44(8):1-4.
[12]庞浩,俎云霄,王赞基(Pang Hao,Zu Yunxiao,Wang Zan?ji).一种新型的全数字锁相环(A new design of all digi?tal phase-locked loop)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceed?ings of the CSEE),2003,23(2):37-41,131.
[13]琚兴宝,徐至新,邹建龙,等(Ju Xingbao,Xu Zhixin,Zou Jianlong,et al).基于DSP的三相软件锁相环设计(De?sign of SPLL based on DSP)[J].通信电源技术(Telecom Power Technologies),2004,21(5):1-4.
[14]周国梁,石新春,付超(Zhou Guoliang,Shi Xinchun,Fu Chao).三相电压畸变条件下软件锁相环分析与实现(Operation of a software phase locked loop under distort?ed three-phase voltage)[J].电力电子技术(Power Elec?tronics),2007,41(7):47-49.
[15]梁海涛,苏建徽,张国荣(Liang Haitao,Su Jianhui,Zhang Guorong).基于三相软件锁相环的动态电压恢复器的研究(Study of dynamic voltage restorer based on three phase software phase-locked loop)[J].金陵科技学院学报(Journal of Jinling Institute of Technology),2005,21(4):22-25.
[16] Kaura V,Blasko V. Operation of a phase locked loop sys?tem under distorted utility conditions[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1997,33(1):58-63.
[17]龚锦霞,解大,张延迟(Gong Jinxia,Xie Da,Zhang Yan?chi).三相数字锁相环的原理及性能(Principle and per?formance of the three-phase digital phase-locked loop)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2009,24(10):94-99,121.
[18]王炳昱,熊炜,刘冬梅(Wang Bingyu,Xiong Wei,Liu Dongmei).基于dq变换的电压暂降检测方法对比分析(The comparative analysis of voltage sag detection based on dq transform method)[J].电气技术(Electrical Engi?neering),2015(7):53-57.