柠条塔煤矿自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法
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摘要
为减少巷道掘进量,提高煤炭采出率,削弱因煤柱留设引起的围岩应力集中,提出了一种自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法,并系统总结了该方法的工艺流程和关键技术.在自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法中,巷道顶底板与实体煤侧巷帮由采煤机截割而成,采空区侧巷帮则由采空区垮落碎石堆叠而成,巷道顶板与碎石巷帮的控制是决定成巷效果的关键.基于岩体碎胀特性,提出采用顶板定向切缝技术,优化留巷应力环境,减少上位顶板回转下沉,针对巷道顶板提出以"恒阻大变形锚索+切顶护帮支架"为主的支护方式,针对碎石巷帮提出"侧向动静结合、纵向伸缩让压"的控制理念.最后以柠条塔煤矿S1201-Ⅱ工作面为工程背景进行了现场工业性试验,结果表明:采用自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法进行回采,当工作面推进约150m后留巷围岩开始稳定,最终下沉量基本稳定在70mm左右,满足下一工作面的使用要求.现场试验结果验证了自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法可以实现工作面回采无需提前掘进回采巷道、无需留设工作面护巷煤柱的目标,且成巷效果良好,经济效益显著.
To reduce roadway drivage ratios,increase coal recovery rates and mitigate stress concentrations on the surrounding rocks caused by coal pillars,an innovative non-pillar mining method was proposed and the process flow and some key technologies of this method were summarized systematically.For this new method,the floor,roof and integrated coal rib of the retained entry are formed by the coal cutter,while the gob-side rib is formed by the stacked gangues.The roof and gangue rib controls are the key factors that influenced the overall effects of entry formation.Based on the bulking characteristics of the roof rock,a directional roofsplitting technique was proposed to optimize stress environments around the entry and to reduce subsidence of the upper main roof.In addition,a type of anchor cable characterized by constant resistance and large deformation and a new type of hydraulic support were developed to control the roof deformation,and an ideal of combining static and dynamic controls in laterally and yieldable control in axial was put forward.Finally,this novel method was tested on the S1201-Ⅱ mining face of the Ningtiaota coal mine.The results show that the surrounding rocks began to stabilize when it was 150 mfar behind the working face,and the final settlement of roof was about 70 mm.The field test results proved that this new non-pillar mining method can achieve the purpose that the gateroads are no longer needed to be excavated in advance and the coal pill can be cancelled,which can make tremendous economic and social benefits in mining activities in the future.
To reduce roadway drivage ratios,increase coal recovery rates and mitigate stress concentrations on the surrounding rocks caused by coal pillars,an innovative non-pillar mining method was proposed and the process flow and some key technologies of this method were summarized systematically.For this new method,the floor,roof and integrated coal rib of the retained entry are formed by the coal cutter,while the gob-side rib is formed by the stacked gangues.The roof and gangue rib controls are the key factors that influenced the overall effects of entry formation.Based on the bulking characteristics of the roof rock,a directional roofsplitting technique was proposed to optimize stress environments around the entry and to reduce subsidence of the upper main roof.In addition,a type of anchor cable characterized by constant resistance and large deformation and a new type of hydraulic support were developed to control the roof deformation,and an ideal of combining static and dynamic controls in laterally and yieldable control in axial was put forward.Finally,this novel method was tested on the S1201-Ⅱ mining face of the Ningtiaota coal mine.The results show that the surrounding rocks began to stabilize when it was 150 mfar behind the working face,and the final settlement of roof was about 70 mm.The field test results proved that this new non-pillar mining method can achieve the purpose that the gateroads are no longer needed to be excavated in advance and the coal pill can be cancelled,which can make tremendous economic and social benefits in mining activities in the future.
引文
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[9]黄万朋,高延法,文志杰,等.钢管混凝土支柱巷旁支护沿空留巷技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(4):604-611.HUANG Wanpeng,GAO Yanfa,WEN Zhijie,et al.Technology of gob-side entry retaining using concrete-filled steel tubular column as roadside supporting[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(4):604-611.
[10]叶根喜,朱权洁,李舒霞,等.千米深井沿空留巷复合充填体研制与应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):787-794.YE Genxi,ZHU Quanjie,LI Shuxia,et al.Development and application of composite filling body gobside entry retaining with 1 000 m-plus deep coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):787-794.
[11]唐建新,胡海,涂兴东,等.普通混凝土巷旁充填沿空留巷试验[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(9):1425-1429.TANG Jianxin,HU Hai,TU Xingdong,et al.Experimental on roadside packing gob-side entry retaining for ordinary concrete[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(9):1425-1429.
[12]赵庆彪,刘长武.组合支架切顶巷旁自行充填矸石墙体留巷试验[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(6):891-896.ZHAO Qingbiao,LIU Changwu.Remain tunnel experiment of combination support roof cutting beside of self-filling waste wall[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(6):891-896.
[13]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):183-186.BAI Jianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Development of support technology beside roadway in goaf-side entry retaining for next sublevel[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):183-186.
[14]HE Manchao,ZHU Guolong,GUO Zhibiao.Longwall mining“cutting cantilever beam theory”and110mining method in China:The third mining science innovation[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015(7):483-492.
[15]何满潮,朱国龙.“十三五”矿业工程发展战略研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(1):1-6.HE Manchao,ZHU Guolong.Research on development strategy of mining engineer in the Thirteen Five-Year Plan[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(1):1-6.
[16]张国锋,何满潮,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):511-516.ZHANG Guofeng,HE Manchao,YU Xueping,et al.Research on the technique of no-pillar mining with gob-side entry formed by advanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):511-516.
[17]孙晓明,刘鑫,梁广峰,等.薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷关键参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1449-1456.SUN Xiaoming,LIU Xin,LIANG Guangfeng,et al.Key parameters of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cut and pressure releasing in thin coal seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1449-1456.
[18]郭志飚,王将,曹天培,等.薄煤层切顶卸压自动成巷关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):879-885.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Jiang,CAO Tianpei,et al.Research on key parameters of gob-side entry retaining automatically formed by roof cutting and pressure release in thin coal seam mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(5):879-885.
[19]何满潮,陈上元,郭志彪,等.切顶卸压沿空留巷围岩结构控制及其工程应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):968-979.HE Manchao,CHEN Shangyuan,GUO Zhibiao,et al.Control of surrounding rock structure for gobside entry retaning by cutting roof to release pressure and its engineering application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(4):968-979.
[20]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷聚能切缝技术及其对围岩应力演化的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学,2017,36(6):1314-1325.HE Manchao,GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,et al.An energy-gathered roof cutting technique in no-pillar mining and its impact on stress variation in surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1314-1325.
[21]高玉兵,何满潮,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷空区矸体垮落规律的切顶效应试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):116-127.GAO Yubing,HE Manchao,YANG Jun,et al.Experimental study of caving and distribution laws of gangues influenced by roof fracturing in pillarless mining with gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):116-127.
[2]宋振骐.采场上覆岩层运动基本规律[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),1979(1):12-25.SONG Zhenqi.Basic rules for stope overlying strata[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),1979(1):12-25.
[3]袁亮.煤炭精准开采科学构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):1-7.YUAN Liang.Scientific conception of precision coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):1-7.
[4]韩可琦,王玉浚.中国能源消费的发展趋势与前景展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):1-5.HAN Keqi,WANG Yujun.Developing trend and expectation of energy consume in China[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(1):1-5.
[5]华心祝.我国沿空留巷支护技术发展现状及改进建议[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,34(12):78-81.HUA Xinzhu.Development status and improved proposals on gob-side entry retaining support technology in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,34(12):78-81.
[6]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1977-1987.KANG Hongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Supporting technology of gob-side entry retaining in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1977-1987.
[7]武精科,阚甲广,谢生荣,等.深井高应力软岩沿空留巷围岩破坏机制及控制[J].岩土力学,2017,38(3):793-800.WU Jingke,KAN Jiaguang,XIE Shengrong,et al.Failure mechanisms and control of surrounding rock of deep gob-side entry retaining in soft rock strata under high stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(3):793-800.
[8]郑西贵,张农,袁亮,等.无煤柱分阶段沿空留巷煤与瓦斯共采方法与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(5):390-396.ZHENG Xigui,ZHANG Nong,YUAN Liang,et al.Method and application of simultaneous pillar-less coal mining and gas extraction by staged gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(5):390-396.
[9]黄万朋,高延法,文志杰,等.钢管混凝土支柱巷旁支护沿空留巷技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(4):604-611.HUANG Wanpeng,GAO Yanfa,WEN Zhijie,et al.Technology of gob-side entry retaining using concrete-filled steel tubular column as roadside supporting[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(4):604-611.
[10]叶根喜,朱权洁,李舒霞,等.千米深井沿空留巷复合充填体研制与应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):787-794.YE Genxi,ZHU Quanjie,LI Shuxia,et al.Development and application of composite filling body gobside entry retaining with 1 000 m-plus deep coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):787-794.
[11]唐建新,胡海,涂兴东,等.普通混凝土巷旁充填沿空留巷试验[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(9):1425-1429.TANG Jianxin,HU Hai,TU Xingdong,et al.Experimental on roadside packing gob-side entry retaining for ordinary concrete[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(9):1425-1429.
[12]赵庆彪,刘长武.组合支架切顶巷旁自行充填矸石墙体留巷试验[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(6):891-896.ZHAO Qingbiao,LIU Changwu.Remain tunnel experiment of combination support roof cutting beside of self-filling waste wall[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(6):891-896.
[13]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):183-186.BAI Jianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Development of support technology beside roadway in goaf-side entry retaining for next sublevel[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):183-186.
[14]HE Manchao,ZHU Guolong,GUO Zhibiao.Longwall mining“cutting cantilever beam theory”and110mining method in China:The third mining science innovation[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015(7):483-492.
[15]何满潮,朱国龙.“十三五”矿业工程发展战略研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(1):1-6.HE Manchao,ZHU Guolong.Research on development strategy of mining engineer in the Thirteen Five-Year Plan[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(1):1-6.
[16]张国锋,何满潮,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):511-516.ZHANG Guofeng,HE Manchao,YU Xueping,et al.Research on the technique of no-pillar mining with gob-side entry formed by advanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):511-516.
[17]孙晓明,刘鑫,梁广峰,等.薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷关键参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1449-1456.SUN Xiaoming,LIU Xin,LIANG Guangfeng,et al.Key parameters of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cut and pressure releasing in thin coal seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1449-1456.
[18]郭志飚,王将,曹天培,等.薄煤层切顶卸压自动成巷关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):879-885.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Jiang,CAO Tianpei,et al.Research on key parameters of gob-side entry retaining automatically formed by roof cutting and pressure release in thin coal seam mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(5):879-885.
[19]何满潮,陈上元,郭志彪,等.切顶卸压沿空留巷围岩结构控制及其工程应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):968-979.HE Manchao,CHEN Shangyuan,GUO Zhibiao,et al.Control of surrounding rock structure for gobside entry retaning by cutting roof to release pressure and its engineering application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(4):968-979.
[20]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷聚能切缝技术及其对围岩应力演化的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学,2017,36(6):1314-1325.HE Manchao,GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,et al.An energy-gathered roof cutting technique in no-pillar mining and its impact on stress variation in surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1314-1325.
[21]高玉兵,何满潮,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷空区矸体垮落规律的切顶效应试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):116-127.GAO Yubing,HE Manchao,YANG Jun,et al.Experimental study of caving and distribution laws of gangues influenced by roof fracturing in pillarless mining with gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):116-127.