复合顶板无煤柱自成巷切顶爆破设计关键参数研究
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摘要
为对无煤柱自成巷切顶爆破关键参数设计方法进行总结和优化,运用几何推演、数值模拟、力学分析、现场试验等手段,提出复合顶板无煤柱自成巷切顶爆破设计的系统化流程及方法,并归纳为切顶设计与爆破设计2类,包含切顶高度、切顶角度、切顶连通率与单孔装药量、炮眼间距、单次起爆数量共计6个关键参数.随后以塔山煤矿8304工作面留巷顺槽Ⅰ区复合顶板为例,设计得到其切顶爆破关键参数:切顶高度为8m,切顶角度为15°,顶板切缝连通率至少应达到82%,单孔采用的装药结构为43331,炮眼间距为500mm,单次起爆炮孔数量为6个.现场应用验证切缝成巷效果良好,切缝侧周期来压步距平均增大4m,液压支架平均来压强度降低2.1MPa,峰值来压强度降低10.2MPa,预裂卸压效果较为明显.
In order to summarize and optimize the key parameters design method on roof cutting pressure releasing gob-side entry retaining technology,the systematic method and process of the design under compound roof condition were put forward by means of geometric deduction,numerical simulation,mechanical analysis,field test and so on.Furthermore,the design was generalized to roof cutting design and blasting design two categories and contains six key parameters:cutting height,cutting angle,connectivity rate requirement and per blasthole charge weight,blasthole spacing,single detonating quantity.Then taking the compound roof condition ofⅠarea 8304 working face Tashan coal mine as an example,the key parameters about roof cutting blasting are designed as:the cutting height is 8 m,the cutting angle is 15°,the minimum value of roof slit connectivity rate is 82%,the explosive charge structure of blasthole is 43331,the blasting spacing is 500 mm and the amount of a single detonation is 6 holes.This conclusion has been proved to be effective in the field application verification,the cutting side cycle pressure step averagely increases 4 m,average pressure strength of the hydraulic support reduces 2.1 MPa,and peak pressure strength reduces 10.2 MPa,the effect of pre-splitting and pressure releasing is obvious.
In order to summarize and optimize the key parameters design method on roof cutting pressure releasing gob-side entry retaining technology,the systematic method and process of the design under compound roof condition were put forward by means of geometric deduction,numerical simulation,mechanical analysis,field test and so on.Furthermore,the design was generalized to roof cutting design and blasting design two categories and contains six key parameters:cutting height,cutting angle,connectivity rate requirement and per blasthole charge weight,blasthole spacing,single detonating quantity.Then taking the compound roof condition ofⅠarea 8304 working face Tashan coal mine as an example,the key parameters about roof cutting blasting are designed as:the cutting height is 8 m,the cutting angle is 15°,the minimum value of roof slit connectivity rate is 82%,the explosive charge structure of blasthole is 43331,the blasting spacing is 500 mm and the amount of a single detonation is 6 holes.This conclusion has been proved to be effective in the field application verification,the cutting side cycle pressure step averagely increases 4 m,average pressure strength of the hydraulic support reduces 2.1 MPa,and peak pressure strength reduces 10.2 MPa,the effect of pre-splitting and pressure releasing is obvious.
引文
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[10]高玉兵,何满潮,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷空区矸体垮落规律的切顶效应试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):116-127.GAO Yubing,HE Manchao,YANG Jun,et al.Experimental study of caving and distribution laws of gangues influenced by roof fracturing in pillarless mining with gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):116-127.
[11]何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,LQian,TAO Zhigang,et al.Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation anchor cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):213-220.
[12]马新根,何满潮,王炯,等.雁崖煤矿8304工作面沿空留巷条件下切眼后方硐室支护设计研究[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(12):30-33.MA Xingen,HE Manchao,WANG Jiong,et al.Study on design of chamber supporting behind cutting hole under condition of gob-side entry retaining in 8304Face of Yanya coal mine[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(12):30-33.
[13]何满潮,张国锋,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,21(4):511-513.HE Manchao,ZHANG Guofeng,YU Xueping,et al.Research on the technique of no pillar mining with gob side entry formed by advanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,21(4):511-513.
[14]王成虎,何满潮,王树理,等.双向聚能拉伸爆破新技术在节理岩体中应用[J].爆破学报,2004,21(2):39-42.WANG Chenghu,HE Manchao,WANG Shuli,et al.Application of the bidirectional energy-cavity blasting technology in the jointed rock mass[J].Blasting,2004,21(2):39-42.
[15]高魁,刘泽功,刘健,等.深孔爆破在深井坚硬复合顶板沿空留巷强制放顶中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1587-1594.GAO Kui,LIU Zegong,LIU Jian,et al.Application of deep borehole blasting to gob-side entry retaining forced roof caving in hard and compound roof deep well[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1587-1594.
[16]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1977-1987.KANG Hongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Deformation characteristics of supporting rock and supporting technology of gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1977-1987.
[17]李明.爆破切顶与联合支护技术在沿空留巷中的应用研究[J].能源与环保,2017,39(6):137-144.LI Ming.Study on application of blasting cut top and combined support technology in gob-side entry retaining[J].China Energy and Environmental Protection,2017,39(6):137-144.
[18]石建军,马念杰,白忠胜.沿空留巷顶板断裂位置分析及支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(7):35-38.SHI Jianjun,MA Nianjie,BAI Zhongsheng.Analysis on roof broken location of gateway retained along goaf and technology of roof support[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(7):35-38.
[19]侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制的关键技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):970-978.HOU Chaojiong.Key technologies for surrounding rock control in deep roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):970-978.
[20]李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷上覆岩层关键块稳定性力学分析及巷旁充填体宽度确定[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1134-1140.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu.Mechanical analysis of stability of key blocks of overlying strata for gob-side entry retaining and calculating width of roadside backfill[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):1134-1140.
[21]何满潮,曹伍富,单仁亮,等.双向聚能拉伸爆破新技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(12):2047-2051.HE Manchao,CAO Wufu,SHAN Renliang,et al.New blasting technology-bilateral cumulative tensile explosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(12):2047-2051.
[22]何满潮,曹伍富,王树理,等.双向聚能拉伸爆破及其在硐室成型爆破中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2004,4(1):8-10.HE Manchao,CAO Wufu,WANG Shuli,et al.Bilateral cumulative tensile blasting and its application in shaping blasting of caverns[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2004,4(1):8-10.
[23]刘衍利,黎卫兵,黄星源.切顶卸压爆破技术在沿空留巷中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2016,40(6):132-135.LIU Yanli,LI Weibing,HUANG Xingyuan.The application of roof cutting and pressure relief blasting technology in gob-side entry retaining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,40(6):132-135.
[24]迟宝锁,周开放,何满潮,等.大采高工作面切顶留巷支护参数优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(8):128-133.CHI Baosuo,ZHOU Kaifang,HE Manchao,et al.Optimization research on supporting parameters of roof cutting entry retaining with large mining height face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(8):128-133.
[2]何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法:第三次矿业科学技术变革[J],煤炭科技,2017,1(1):1-9.HE Manchao,SONG Zhenqi,WANG An,et al.Theory of longwall mining by using roof cuting shortwall team and 110method[J].Coal Science&Technology Magazine,2017,1(1):1-9.
[3]孙晓明,刘鑫,梁广峰,等.薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷关键参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1449-1456.SUN Xiaoming,LIU Xin,LIANG Guangfeng,et al.Key parameters of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cut and pressure releasing in thin coal seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1449-1456.
[4]郭志飚,王将,曹天培,等.薄煤层切顶卸压自动成巷关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(9):879-885.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Jiang,CAO Tianpei,et al.Research on key parameters of gob-side entry retaining automatically formed by roof cutting and pressure release in thin coal seam mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(9):879-885.
[5]郭鹏飞,张国锋,陶志刚.坚硬软弱复合顶板切顶卸压沿空留巷爆破技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(10):120-124.GUO Pengfei,ZHANG Guofeng,TAO Zhigang.Blasting technology of gateway retaining along goaf pressure release by roof cutting in hard and weak complex roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(10):120-124.
[6]张晓虎,郭鹏飞,王炯,等.沿空留巷卸压钻孔间距优化试验研究[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(6):6-8.ZHANG Xiaohu,GUO Pengfei,WANG Jiong,et al.Study on pressure relief drilling spacing optimization in gob-side entry retaining[J].Coal Technology,2016,35(6):6-8.
[7]陈勇,郝胜鹏,陈延涛,等.带有导向孔的浅孔爆破在留巷切顶卸压中的应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):253-259.CHEN Yong,HAO Shengpeng,CHEN Yantao,et al.Study on the application of short-hole blasting with guide hole to roof cutting pressure relief of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):253-259.
[8]韩强,孙晓明,王炯,等.中兴矿切顶爆破参数研究[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(3):56-58.HAN Qiang,SUN Xiaoming,WANG Jiong,et al.Study on explosive parameters of roof-cutting in Zhongxing mine[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(3):56-58.
[9]陈上元,郭志飚,马资敏,等.城郊矿切顶聚能爆破参数优化研究[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(8):17-19.CHEN Shangyuan,GUO Zhibiao,MA Zimin,et al.Research on parameters optimization of cumulative blasting used in cutting roof in Chengjiao coal mine[J].Coal Technology,2016,35(8):17-19.
[10]高玉兵,何满潮,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷空区矸体垮落规律的切顶效应试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):116-127.GAO Yubing,HE Manchao,YANG Jun,et al.Experimental study of caving and distribution laws of gangues influenced by roof fracturing in pillarless mining with gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):116-127.
[11]何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,LQian,TAO Zhigang,et al.Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation anchor cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):213-220.
[12]马新根,何满潮,王炯,等.雁崖煤矿8304工作面沿空留巷条件下切眼后方硐室支护设计研究[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(12):30-33.MA Xingen,HE Manchao,WANG Jiong,et al.Study on design of chamber supporting behind cutting hole under condition of gob-side entry retaining in 8304Face of Yanya coal mine[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(12):30-33.
[13]何满潮,张国锋,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,21(4):511-513.HE Manchao,ZHANG Guofeng,YU Xueping,et al.Research on the technique of no pillar mining with gob side entry formed by advanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,21(4):511-513.
[14]王成虎,何满潮,王树理,等.双向聚能拉伸爆破新技术在节理岩体中应用[J].爆破学报,2004,21(2):39-42.WANG Chenghu,HE Manchao,WANG Shuli,et al.Application of the bidirectional energy-cavity blasting technology in the jointed rock mass[J].Blasting,2004,21(2):39-42.
[15]高魁,刘泽功,刘健,等.深孔爆破在深井坚硬复合顶板沿空留巷强制放顶中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1587-1594.GAO Kui,LIU Zegong,LIU Jian,et al.Application of deep borehole blasting to gob-side entry retaining forced roof caving in hard and compound roof deep well[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1587-1594.
[16]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1977-1987.KANG Hongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Deformation characteristics of supporting rock and supporting technology of gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1977-1987.
[17]李明.爆破切顶与联合支护技术在沿空留巷中的应用研究[J].能源与环保,2017,39(6):137-144.LI Ming.Study on application of blasting cut top and combined support technology in gob-side entry retaining[J].China Energy and Environmental Protection,2017,39(6):137-144.
[18]石建军,马念杰,白忠胜.沿空留巷顶板断裂位置分析及支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(7):35-38.SHI Jianjun,MA Nianjie,BAI Zhongsheng.Analysis on roof broken location of gateway retained along goaf and technology of roof support[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(7):35-38.
[19]侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制的关键技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):970-978.HOU Chaojiong.Key technologies for surrounding rock control in deep roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):970-978.
[20]李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷上覆岩层关键块稳定性力学分析及巷旁充填体宽度确定[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1134-1140.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu.Mechanical analysis of stability of key blocks of overlying strata for gob-side entry retaining and calculating width of roadside backfill[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):1134-1140.
[21]何满潮,曹伍富,单仁亮,等.双向聚能拉伸爆破新技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(12):2047-2051.HE Manchao,CAO Wufu,SHAN Renliang,et al.New blasting technology-bilateral cumulative tensile explosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(12):2047-2051.
[22]何满潮,曹伍富,王树理,等.双向聚能拉伸爆破及其在硐室成型爆破中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2004,4(1):8-10.HE Manchao,CAO Wufu,WANG Shuli,et al.Bilateral cumulative tensile blasting and its application in shaping blasting of caverns[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2004,4(1):8-10.
[23]刘衍利,黎卫兵,黄星源.切顶卸压爆破技术在沿空留巷中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2016,40(6):132-135.LIU Yanli,LI Weibing,HUANG Xingyuan.The application of roof cutting and pressure relief blasting technology in gob-side entry retaining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,40(6):132-135.
[24]迟宝锁,周开放,何满潮,等.大采高工作面切顶留巷支护参数优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(8):128-133.CHI Baosuo,ZHOU Kaifang,HE Manchao,et al.Optimization research on supporting parameters of roof cutting entry retaining with large mining height face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(8):128-133.