深部巷道全长预应力锚注支护机理研究及应用
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摘要
讨论全长预应力锚固支护的实现方式,提出基于注浆加固技术的全长预应力锚注支护工艺,并将其对围岩强化作用划分为轴向主动支护贡献、横向被动支护贡献与注浆加固贡献等3部分,建立各支护贡献值的理论计算公式,分析不同锚注参数对各支护贡献值的影响规律,揭示全长预应力锚注支护机理。在此基础上,研发提出新型高强锚注支护技术,并进行现场应用。研究表明:全长预应力锚注支护方式通过注浆可使锚杆自由段钻孔及围岩裂隙得到有效充填,保证自由段轴向主动支护贡献值与锚固段横向被动支护贡献值可同时达到最大值,还可有效提高注浆加固贡献值,是实现围岩最优控制的有效途径之一。新研发高强组合式中空注浆锚杆具有强度高、可施加高预应力等优势,可实现全长预应力锚注支护效果,现场应用后,围岩变形破坏得到有效控制,验证了全长预应力锚注技术的优越性与有效性。
In this paper, the methods to realize the full-length prestressed bolting support is discussed and a full-length prestressed bolt-grouting support based on grouting reinforcement is proposed. And its supporting effect of full-length prestressed bolt-grouting is divided into three parts: the active contribution in the axial direction, the passive contribution in the lateral direction and the grouting reinforcement contribution. The theoretical calculation formula for contribution value of each part is established. The effect law of different bolt-grouting parameters on the contribution of each part and the strengthening mechanism of the full-length prestressed bolt-grouting are obtained. Based on this, a new technology of high strength bolt-grouting is proposed and applied in the field. The results have shown that the full-length prestressed bolt-grouting support can fill effectively the bolt borehole at the free part and surrounding rock cracks by grouting. Then the active supporting contribution at the free part and the passive supporting contribution at the anchored part can be maximized simultaneously, and the grouting reinforcement contribution can also be enhanced. That is one of the optimal technology for controlling the deep surrounding rock. Furthermore, with high strength and prestress that can be imposed, the new hollow grouting combined bolt can be utilized to achieve the supporting effect of full-length prestressed bolt-grouting. After the field application, the deformation and destruction of surrounding rock can be relieved effectively, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of full-length prestressed boltgrouting.
In this paper, the methods to realize the full-length prestressed bolting support is discussed and a full-length prestressed bolt-grouting support based on grouting reinforcement is proposed. And its supporting effect of full-length prestressed bolt-grouting is divided into three parts: the active contribution in the axial direction, the passive contribution in the lateral direction and the grouting reinforcement contribution. The theoretical calculation formula for contribution value of each part is established. The effect law of different bolt-grouting parameters on the contribution of each part and the strengthening mechanism of the full-length prestressed bolt-grouting are obtained. Based on this, a new technology of high strength bolt-grouting is proposed and applied in the field. The results have shown that the full-length prestressed bolt-grouting support can fill effectively the bolt borehole at the free part and surrounding rock cracks by grouting. Then the active supporting contribution at the free part and the passive supporting contribution at the anchored part can be maximized simultaneously, and the grouting reinforcement contribution can also be enhanced. That is one of the optimal technology for controlling the deep surrounding rock. Furthermore, with high strength and prestress that can be imposed, the new hollow grouting combined bolt can be utilized to achieve the supporting effect of full-length prestressed bolt-grouting. After the field application, the deformation and destruction of surrounding rock can be relieved effectively, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of full-length prestressed boltgrouting.
引文
[1]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:1-35.
[2]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):524-527.ZHANG Nong,GAO Mingshi.High-strength and pretension bolting support of coal roadway and its application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):524-527.
[3]KANG H,WU Y,GAO F,et al.Fracture characteristics in rock bolts in underground coal mine roadways[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,62:105-112.
[4]INDRARATNA B,KAISER P K.Analytical model for the design of grouted rock bolts[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1990,14(4):227-251.
[5]LI C,STILLBORG B.Analytical models for rock bolts[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(8):1013-1029.
[6]CAI Y,ESAKI T,JIANG Y.An analytical model to predict axial load in grouted rock bolt for soft rock tunnelling[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(6):607-618.
[7]OSGOUI R,ORESTE P.Elasto-plastic analytical model for the design of grouted bolts in a Hoek-Brown medium[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2010,34(16):1651-1686.
[8]BOBET A,EINSTEIN H H.Tunnel reinforcement with rockbolts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26(1):100-123.
[9]REN F F,YANG Z J,CHEN J F,et al.An analytical analysis of the full-range behaviour of grouted rockbolts based on a tri-linear bond-slip model[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(3):361-370.
[10]MARTIN L B,TIJANI M,HADJ-HASSEN F.A new analytical solution to the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted rockbolts subjected to pull-out tests[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25(2):749-755.
[11]王洪涛.岩体锚固失效机理及预应力锚固围岩承载性能研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.
[12]王洪涛,王琦,王富奇,等.不同锚固长度下巷道锚杆力学效应分析及应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):509-515.WANG Hongtao,WANG Qi,WANG Fuqi,et al.Mechanical effect analysis of bolts in roadway under different anchoring lengths and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):509-515.
[13]张洁,尚岳全,叶彬.锚杆临界锚固长度解析计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1134-1137.ZHANG Jie,SHANG Yuequan,YE Bin.Analytical calculations of critical anchorage length of bolts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1134-1137.
[14]肖世国,周德培.非全长粘结型锚索锚固段长度的一种确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):1530-1534.XIAO Shiguo,ZHOU Depei.Calculation method of length of anchoring segment for partial-cohesive cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1530-1534.
[15]李怀珍,李学华.基于界面滑移脱黏的锚杆合理锚固长度研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(11):3106-3112.LI Huaizhen,LI Xuehua.Determination of rational anchorage length of bolt based on slip-debonding failure mode of interface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3106-3112.
[16]林健,任硕,杨景贺.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化实验室研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):1009-1015.LIN Jian,REN Shuo,YANG Jinghe.Laboratory research of resin full-length anchoring bolts dimension optimization[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):1009-1015.
[17]林健,任硕.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):273-278.LIN Jian,REN Shuo.Numerical simulation optimization research of bolt profile configuration with resin fulllength anchoring[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):273-278.
[18]吴拥政.全长预应力锚固强力支护系统的应用研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(11):27-30.WU Yongzheng.Application study on pre-stressed full length bolting powerful support system[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(11):27-30.
[19]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:348-411.
[20]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU Panfeng.Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[21]LI S C,WANG H T,WANG Q,et al.Failure mechanism of bolting support and high-strength bolt-grouting technology for deep and soft surrounding rock with high stress[J].Journal of Central South University,2016,23(2):440-448.
[2]张农,高明仕.煤巷高强预应力锚杆支护技术与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):524-527.ZHANG Nong,GAO Mingshi.High-strength and pretension bolting support of coal roadway and its application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):524-527.
[3]KANG H,WU Y,GAO F,et al.Fracture characteristics in rock bolts in underground coal mine roadways[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,62:105-112.
[4]INDRARATNA B,KAISER P K.Analytical model for the design of grouted rock bolts[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1990,14(4):227-251.
[5]LI C,STILLBORG B.Analytical models for rock bolts[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(8):1013-1029.
[6]CAI Y,ESAKI T,JIANG Y.An analytical model to predict axial load in grouted rock bolt for soft rock tunnelling[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(6):607-618.
[7]OSGOUI R,ORESTE P.Elasto-plastic analytical model for the design of grouted bolts in a Hoek-Brown medium[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2010,34(16):1651-1686.
[8]BOBET A,EINSTEIN H H.Tunnel reinforcement with rockbolts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26(1):100-123.
[9]REN F F,YANG Z J,CHEN J F,et al.An analytical analysis of the full-range behaviour of grouted rockbolts based on a tri-linear bond-slip model[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(3):361-370.
[10]MARTIN L B,TIJANI M,HADJ-HASSEN F.A new analytical solution to the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted rockbolts subjected to pull-out tests[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25(2):749-755.
[11]王洪涛.岩体锚固失效机理及预应力锚固围岩承载性能研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.
[12]王洪涛,王琦,王富奇,等.不同锚固长度下巷道锚杆力学效应分析及应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):509-515.WANG Hongtao,WANG Qi,WANG Fuqi,et al.Mechanical effect analysis of bolts in roadway under different anchoring lengths and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):509-515.
[13]张洁,尚岳全,叶彬.锚杆临界锚固长度解析计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1134-1137.ZHANG Jie,SHANG Yuequan,YE Bin.Analytical calculations of critical anchorage length of bolts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1134-1137.
[14]肖世国,周德培.非全长粘结型锚索锚固段长度的一种确定方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):1530-1534.XIAO Shiguo,ZHOU Depei.Calculation method of length of anchoring segment for partial-cohesive cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1530-1534.
[15]李怀珍,李学华.基于界面滑移脱黏的锚杆合理锚固长度研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(11):3106-3112.LI Huaizhen,LI Xuehua.Determination of rational anchorage length of bolt based on slip-debonding failure mode of interface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3106-3112.
[16]林健,任硕,杨景贺.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化实验室研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):1009-1015.LIN Jian,REN Shuo,YANG Jinghe.Laboratory research of resin full-length anchoring bolts dimension optimization[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):1009-1015.
[17]林健,任硕.树脂全长锚固锚杆外形尺寸优化数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):273-278.LIN Jian,REN Shuo.Numerical simulation optimization research of bolt profile configuration with resin fulllength anchoring[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):273-278.
[18]吴拥政.全长预应力锚固强力支护系统的应用研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(11):27-30.WU Yongzheng.Application study on pre-stressed full length bolting powerful support system[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(11):27-30.
[19]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:348-411.
[20]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU Panfeng.Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[21]LI S C,WANG H T,WANG Q,et al.Failure mechanism of bolting support and high-strength bolt-grouting technology for deep and soft surrounding rock with high stress[J].Journal of Central South University,2016,23(2):440-448.