非农户宅基地使用权有限放开的可能、意义及策略设计——以城乡融合为视野
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摘要
在劳动力人口流出严重的"空心化"背景下,乡村无法从根本上解决治理精英匮乏的难题。提倡、鼓励和引导乡贤回归当是务实和理性的选择。乡村振兴战略的实施不仅为广大农村发展提供了机遇,也使乡贤回归与城乡融合发展具有逻辑的自洽性、现实的可欲性和实践的可行性。但部分非农户人口的返乡的意愿和可能现实地受到农村现有宅基地政策的约束。消除放活宅基地权会导致"圈地运动"的疑虑,不论从乡村振兴的前提性条件还是从政策导向来看,有限放开非农户宅基地使用权对于推进农村土地制度改革意义重大。地方基层政府应该在坚持宅基地"三权分置""适度放活"的原则下,对有限放开农村宅基地使用权做出策略性设计,因地制宜地探索有利于乡村振兴的改革之策。
Under the background of the outflow of the labor force, the village cannot fundamentally solve the problem of lack of governance elites. Therefore, advocating, encouraging and guiding the return of the township is a pragmatic and rational choice. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy not only provides opportunities for the vast rural development, but also makes the return of the rural sages and the integration of urban and rural areas with logical self-consistency, realistic appetite and practical feasibility. However, the willingness of some non-agricultural population to return home may be realistically constrained by existing rural homestead policies. Eliminating the right to release the homestead will lead to doubts about the"enclosure movement". Regardless of the preconditions for rural revitalization or policy orientation, the limited liberalization of the right to use non-agricultural homesteads is of great significance for promoting the reform of the rural land system. Under the principle of"separating the three powers"and "appropriately releasing the homestead",the local grassroots government should make strategic design for the limited use of rural homesteads, and explore reform measures that are conducive to rural revitalization so as to make positive and due contributions to the development of urban and rural integration in China.
Under the background of the outflow of the labor force, the village cannot fundamentally solve the problem of lack of governance elites. Therefore, advocating, encouraging and guiding the return of the township is a pragmatic and rational choice. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy not only provides opportunities for the vast rural development, but also makes the return of the rural sages and the integration of urban and rural areas with logical self-consistency, realistic appetite and practical feasibility. However, the willingness of some non-agricultural population to return home may be realistically constrained by existing rural homestead policies. Eliminating the right to release the homestead will lead to doubts about the"enclosure movement". Regardless of the preconditions for rural revitalization or policy orientation, the limited liberalization of the right to use non-agricultural homesteads is of great significance for promoting the reform of the rural land system. Under the principle of"separating the three powers"and "appropriately releasing the homestead",the local grassroots government should make strategic design for the limited use of rural homesteads, and explore reform measures that are conducive to rural revitalization so as to make positive and due contributions to the development of urban and rural integration in China.
引文
[1]胡锦涛.高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗——在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2007.
[2]胡锦涛.坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗——在中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[3]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[4]中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见(2018年1月2日)[DB\OL][2018-07-18].http://wwwgovcn/zhengce/2018-02/04/cont ent_5263807.ht m
[5]郭超.用乡贤文化滋养主流价值观——访北京大学教授张颐武[N].光明日报,2014-08-15.
[6]李传喜.内生性乡村治理的机制与路径研究[J].江汉大学学报,2017,(2).
[7]单益波.从乡贤回归走向乡村善治[N].浙江日报,2017-05-22.
[8]李传喜,张红阳.政府动员、乡贤返场与嵌入性治理:乡贤回归的行动逻辑[J].党政研究,2018,(1).
(1)参见[法]孟德拉斯:《农民的终结》,北京:社会科学文献出版社2010年版。
(2)此次调研由宝鸡文理学院乡村振兴研究中心负责实施,从2018年2月开始,前后持续四十多天,参与调研的师生和乡镇村级干部近50人。
[2]胡锦涛.坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗——在中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[3]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[4]中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见(2018年1月2日)[DB\OL][2018-07-18].http://wwwgovcn/zhengce/2018-02/04/cont ent_5263807.ht m
[5]郭超.用乡贤文化滋养主流价值观——访北京大学教授张颐武[N].光明日报,2014-08-15.
[6]李传喜.内生性乡村治理的机制与路径研究[J].江汉大学学报,2017,(2).
[7]单益波.从乡贤回归走向乡村善治[N].浙江日报,2017-05-22.
[8]李传喜,张红阳.政府动员、乡贤返场与嵌入性治理:乡贤回归的行动逻辑[J].党政研究,2018,(1).
(1)参见[法]孟德拉斯:《农民的终结》,北京:社会科学文献出版社2010年版。
(2)此次调研由宝鸡文理学院乡村振兴研究中心负责实施,从2018年2月开始,前后持续四十多天,参与调研的师生和乡镇村级干部近50人。