论危险犯中行为危险的判断原则与区分判断标准——基于食品药品安全犯罪视角的考察
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摘要
现行刑法危险犯的大量增加导致犯罪圈的扩大和入罪门槛降低,需要限缩危险犯的处罚范围。司法实务中针对危险犯特别是法定犯类型的危险犯,人们一般倾向于援引其他法律作形式判断,同时,具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的判断标准也不明确。本文从食品药品安全犯罪中行为危险的判断入手,主张对危险犯的行为危险性坚持实质判断原则,区别具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的不同类型,对各种类型危险犯的行为危险采取区分判断标准。
The large increase in the number of dangerous criminals in the current criminal law leads to the expansion of the criminal circle and the reduction of the threshold for entry. In order to prevent the excessive expansion of the criminal law, it is necessary to limit the scope of punishment for dangerous criminals. In practice, dangerous criminals, especially those of statutory types, generally tend to invoke the prohibitive provisions of laws and regulations to make formal judgments, which leads to the lack of substantive legal considerations. At the same time, the criteria for judging specific dangerous and abstract dangers are not clear, affecting the fairness of the judiciary and the stability of the law. This paper takes the crime of food and drug safety as the perspective of investigation, and starts from the judgment of behavioral danger, and advocates the substantive judgment of the risk of behavior of dangerous criminals. On the other hand, it distinguishes between different types of abstract dangerous criminals and specific dangerous criminals, and advocates discriminating and judging the behavioral dangers of various types of dangerous criminals, in order to protect the value of human rights while combating crime.
The large increase in the number of dangerous criminals in the current criminal law leads to the expansion of the criminal circle and the reduction of the threshold for entry. In order to prevent the excessive expansion of the criminal law, it is necessary to limit the scope of punishment for dangerous criminals. In practice, dangerous criminals, especially those of statutory types, generally tend to invoke the prohibitive provisions of laws and regulations to make formal judgments, which leads to the lack of substantive legal considerations. At the same time, the criteria for judging specific dangerous and abstract dangers are not clear, affecting the fairness of the judiciary and the stability of the law. This paper takes the crime of food and drug safety as the perspective of investigation, and starts from the judgment of behavioral danger, and advocates the substantive judgment of the risk of behavior of dangerous criminals. On the other hand, it distinguishes between different types of abstract dangerous criminals and specific dangerous criminals, and advocates discriminating and judging the behavioral dangers of various types of dangerous criminals, in order to protect the value of human rights while combating crime.
引文
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[10]黎宏.论抽象危险犯危险判断的经验法则之构建与适用——以抽象危险犯立法模式与传统法益侵害说的平衡和协调为目标[J].政治与法律,2013(8):2-9.
[2]甘添贵.刑法总论讲义[M].台湾:三民书局,2003:66.
[3]姜伟.犯罪形态通论[M].北京:法律出版社,1994:117.
[4]张明楷.刑法学:上[M].北京:法律出版社,2016:167.
[5]卓泽渊.法的价值论:第2版[M].北京:法律出版社,2006:185-186.
[6]时方.生产、销售假药罪法益侵害的规范解释——主次法益价值冲突时的实质判断[J].政治与法律,2015(5):47-54.
[7]陈璇.结果无价值论与二元论之争的共识、误区与发展方向[J].中外法学,2016(3):766-800.
[8]储槐植,李莎莎.生产、销售假药罪若干问题研究——以《刑法修正案(八)》第23条为视角[J].江西警察学院学报,2012(1):70-74.
[9]张明楷.行为无价值与结果无价值[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012:83.
[10]黎宏.论抽象危险犯危险判断的经验法则之构建与适用——以抽象危险犯立法模式与传统法益侵害说的平衡和协调为目标[J].政治与法律,2013(8):2-9.