莱州湾营养盐空间分布特征及年际变化趋势
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摘要
基于2004-2014年期间,在莱州湾5月及8月开展的22个航次调查结果,研究了莱州湾营养盐的时空分布特征及年际变化趋势。研究发现:莱州湾溶解态无机氮(DIN)、可溶性磷酸盐(PO_4-P)、可溶性硅酸盐(SiO_3-Si)高值区主要出现在莱州湾西南近岸尤其是小清河口海域,小清河及邻近区域陆源输入是影响莱州湾营养盐空间分布的主要因素。2004-2014年莱州湾DIN中位值变化范围8.14~53.98μmol/L,尽管2004年以来莱州湾DIN浓度呈现降低的年际变化趋势,但仍然高于历史数据。硝酸盐是DIN的主要形态,贡献了DIN组成的83%,亚硝酸盐和铵盐的含量占比分别为7%和10%。莱州湾PO_4-P年际变化呈下降趋势,中位值变化范围为0.03~0.49μmol/L。SiO_3-Si中位值变化范围8.5~52.9μmol/L,8月份年际变化呈下降趋势。小清河营养盐入海通量与莱州湾营养盐含量年际波动具有较好的吻合性,是影响莱州湾营养盐年际波动的重要因素。莱州湾DIN/PO_4、SiO_3/DIN、SiO_3/PO_4中位值变化范围分别为:78.9~1112.4、0.2~2.2、40.2~442.5,其中DIN/PO_4、SiO_3/PO_4年际变化呈升高趋势,SiO_3/DIN年际变化趋势不明显。2004-2014年调查期间,莱州湾存在严重的磷限制及季节性的硅限制,营养类型由20世纪80、90年代的贫营养转变为磷限制潜在性富营养,且磷限制的程度呈加剧趋势。
To better understand the distribution and annual variation of nutrients in the Laizhou Bay, a successive survey about dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), phosphate(PO_4-P) and silicate(SiO_3-Si) from 2004 to 2014 was conducted. In the present study, high concentrations of DIN, PO_4-P and SiO_3-Si were located at the southwest coast of the Laizhou Bay,especially at Xiaoqing River estuary and its vicinity. The spatial distributions of nutrients in the Laizhou Bay were mainly influenced by the terrestrial inputs such as Xiaoqing River and itsvicinity. Although, DIN concentrations in the Laizhou Bay from 2004 to 2014 were higher with medians ranging from 8.14 μmol/L to 53.98 μmol/Lthan those in the 80 s and 90 s of the20 th century, anannual variation trend of slight decreased from 2004 to 2014 was shown in the Laizhou Bay. The nitrate was the main form of DIN contributing 83 %, while nitrite and ammonium salt contributing 7 % and 10 %, respectively. Low concentrations of PO_4-P in the Laizhou Bay were observed with medians ranging from 0.03 μmol/L to 0.49 μmol/L with an obvious annual variation trend of decrease. The medians of SiO_3-Si in the Laizhou Bay ranged from 8.5 μmol/L to 52.9 μmol/L with a decrease annual variation trend in August. The temporal distributions of nutrients in the Laizhou Bay were mainly influenced by the nutrients fluxes of Xiaoqinghe River. The medians variation of DIN/PO_4、 SiO_3/DIN and SiO_3/PO_4 were78.9~1112.4, 0.2~2.2 and 40.2~442.5, respectively. The annual variation trends of increase for DIN/PO_4 and SiO_3/PO_4 while no obvious annual variation trend for SiO_3/DIN were observed from 2004 to 2014. The analysis on nutrient structure indicated that PO_4-P was absolute limitation with the trend of increase while SiO_3-Si was the limitation in May. The nutrient levels of the Laizhou Bay shifted from oligotrophy in the 80 s and 90 s of the 20 th century to potential eutrophication of phosphorus limitation during 2004-2014.
To better understand the distribution and annual variation of nutrients in the Laizhou Bay, a successive survey about dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), phosphate(PO_4-P) and silicate(SiO_3-Si) from 2004 to 2014 was conducted. In the present study, high concentrations of DIN, PO_4-P and SiO_3-Si were located at the southwest coast of the Laizhou Bay,especially at Xiaoqing River estuary and its vicinity. The spatial distributions of nutrients in the Laizhou Bay were mainly influenced by the terrestrial inputs such as Xiaoqing River and itsvicinity. Although, DIN concentrations in the Laizhou Bay from 2004 to 2014 were higher with medians ranging from 8.14 μmol/L to 53.98 μmol/Lthan those in the 80 s and 90 s of the20 th century, anannual variation trend of slight decreased from 2004 to 2014 was shown in the Laizhou Bay. The nitrate was the main form of DIN contributing 83 %, while nitrite and ammonium salt contributing 7 % and 10 %, respectively. Low concentrations of PO_4-P in the Laizhou Bay were observed with medians ranging from 0.03 μmol/L to 0.49 μmol/L with an obvious annual variation trend of decrease. The medians of SiO_3-Si in the Laizhou Bay ranged from 8.5 μmol/L to 52.9 μmol/L with a decrease annual variation trend in August. The temporal distributions of nutrients in the Laizhou Bay were mainly influenced by the nutrients fluxes of Xiaoqinghe River. The medians variation of DIN/PO_4、 SiO_3/DIN and SiO_3/PO_4 were78.9~1112.4, 0.2~2.2 and 40.2~442.5, respectively. The annual variation trends of increase for DIN/PO_4 and SiO_3/PO_4 while no obvious annual variation trend for SiO_3/DIN were observed from 2004 to 2014. The analysis on nutrient structure indicated that PO_4-P was absolute limitation with the trend of increase while SiO_3-Si was the limitation in May. The nutrient levels of the Laizhou Bay shifted from oligotrophy in the 80 s and 90 s of the 20 th century to potential eutrophication of phosphorus limitation during 2004-2014.
引文
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Nelson D M,Brzezinski M A,1990.Kinetics of silicic acid uptake by natural diatom assemblages in two Gulf Stream warm-core rings.Marine Ecology Progress Series,Oldendorf,62(3):283-292.
Ning X R,Lin C L,Su J L,et al,2010.Long-term environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems in the Bohai Sea during 1960-1996.Deep-Sea Research II,57:1079-1091.
Pelling H E,Uehara K,Green J A M,2013.The impact of rapid coastline changes and sea level rise on the tides in the Bohai Sea,China.Journal of geophysical research:oceans,118:3462-3472
Tang Q,Jin X,Wang J,et al,2003.Decadal-scale variations of ecosystem productivity and control mechanisms in the Bohai Sea.Fisheries Oceanography,12(4/5):223-233.
单志欣,郑振虎,邢红艳,等,2000.渤海莱州湾的富营养化及其研究.海洋湖沼通报,2:41-46.
杜培培,吴晓青,都晓岩,等,2017.莱州湾海域空间开发利用现状评价.海洋通报,36(1):19-26.
高会旺,吴德星,白洁,等,2003.2000年夏季莱州湾生态环境要素的分布特征.青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2:185-191.
高元鹏,姚鹏,米铁柱,等,2011.小清河口的叶绿素a及理化环境因子的分布特征和统计分析.海洋科学,35(7):71-81.
郭飞,刘森,王飞飞,等,2016.夏季莱州湾水域营养盐现状及影响因素.海洋地质前沿,32(2):38-44.
郭卫东,章小明,杨逸萍,等,1998.中国近岸海域潜在性富营养化程度的评价.台湾海峡,17(1):64-70.
国家海洋局,2015.2014年中国海洋环境状况公报.
郝彦菊,王宗灵,朱明远,等,2005.莱州湾营养盐与浮游植物多样性调查与评价研究.海洋科学进展,23(2):197-204.
姜胜辉,朱龙海,胡日军,等,2015.围填海工程对莱州湾水动力条件的影响.中国海洋大学学报,45(10):74-80.
蒋红,崔毅,陈碧鹃,等,2015.渤海近20年来营养盐变化趋势研究.海洋水产研究,26(6):61-67.
蒋金杰,刘东艳,邸宝平,等,2011.烟台四十里湾浮游植物群落的季节变化及其对环境的指示意义.海洋学报,33(6):151-164.
李斌,白艳艳,邢红艳,等,2013.四十里湾营养状况与浮游植物生态特征.生态学报,33(1):260-266.
李聪明,2013.莱州市海湾扇贝养殖产业结构与特征初步研究.青岛:中国海洋大学.
李广楼,陈碧娟,崔毅,等,2006.莱州湾浮游植物的生态特征.中国水产科学,13(2):292-299.
刘霜,张继民,冷宇,等,2013.黄河口附近海域营养盐行为及年际变化分析.海洋通报,32(4):383-388.
刘义豪,杨秀兰,靳洋,等,2011.莱州湾海域营养盐现状及年际变化规律.渔业科学进展,32(4):1-5.
马绍赛,辛福言,崔毅,等,2004.黄河和小清河主要污染物入海通量的估算.海洋水产研究,25(5):47-51.
米铁柱,于志刚,姚庆祯,等,2001.春季莱州湾南部溶解态营养盐研究.海洋环境科学,3:14-18.
宁璇璇,纪灵,王刚,等,2011.2009年莱州湾近岸海域浮游植物群落的结构特征.海洋湖沼通报,3:97-104.
孙丕喜,王波,张朝晖,等,2006.莱州湾海水中营养盐分布与富营养化的关系.海洋科学进展,3:329-335.
孙萍,李瑞香,李艳,等,2008.2005年夏末渤海网采浮游植物群落结构.海洋科学进展,26(3):354-363.
孙伟,张守本,杨建森,等,2017.小清河口水环境质量评价及主要污染物入海通量研究.海洋环境科学,36(3):366-371.
王修林,崔正国,李克强,等,2008.环渤海三省一市溶解态无机氮容量总量控制.中国海洋大学学报,38(4):619-622,626.
王妍,董志军,刘东艳,等,2013.烟台近海浮游植物的时空变化特征.海洋通报,32(4):408-420.
夏斌,张晓理,崔毅,等,2009.夏季莱州湾及附近水域理化环境及营养现状评价.渔业科学进展,3:103-111.
颜秀利,翟惟东,洪华生,等,2012.九龙江口营养盐的分布、通量及其年代际变化.科学通报,57(17):1575-1587.
于志刚,米铁柱,谢宝东,等,2000.二十年来渤海生态环境参数的演化和相互关系.海洋环境科学,19(1):15-19.
张继民,刘霜,张琦,等,2008.黄河口附近海域营养盐特征及富营养化程度评价.海洋通报,27(5):65-72.
张锦峰,高学鲁,李培苗,等,2015.莱州湾西南部海域及其毗邻河流水体营养盐的分布特征及长期变化趋势.海洋通报,34(2):222-232.
张锦峰,高学鲁,庄文,等,2014.莱州湾渔业资源与环境变化趋势分析.海洋湖沼通报,3:82-90.
赵鹏,江文胜,毛新燕,等,2010.2000-2005年莱州湾盐度的变化及其主要影响因素.海洋与湖沼,41(1):12-23.
赵卫红,焦念志,赵增霞,2000.烟台四十里湾养殖水域氮的存在形态研究.海洋与湖沼,31(1):53-59.
赵玉庭,刘霞,李佳蕙,等,2016.2013年莱州湾海域营养盐的平面分布及季节变化规律.海洋环境科学,35(1):95-99.
周凤霞,高学鲁,庄文,等,2015.莱州湾沿岸河流对邻近海域表层水体中Chl-a浓度的影响.海洋环境科学,34(2):184-189.
邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平,1983.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨.海洋环境科学,2(2):42-54.
Jin X S,Shan X J,Li X S,et al,2013.Long-term changes in the fishery ecosystem structure of Laizhou Bay,China.Science China Earth Science,56(3):366-374.
Justic D,Rabalais N N,Turner R E,et al,1995.Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters:Stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequence.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,40(30):339-356.
Nelson D M,Brzezinski M A,1990.Kinetics of silicic acid uptake by natural diatom assemblages in two Gulf Stream warm-core rings.Marine Ecology Progress Series,Oldendorf,62(3):283-292.
Ning X R,Lin C L,Su J L,et al,2010.Long-term environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems in the Bohai Sea during 1960-1996.Deep-Sea Research II,57:1079-1091.
Pelling H E,Uehara K,Green J A M,2013.The impact of rapid coastline changes and sea level rise on the tides in the Bohai Sea,China.Journal of geophysical research:oceans,118:3462-3472
Tang Q,Jin X,Wang J,et al,2003.Decadal-scale variations of ecosystem productivity and control mechanisms in the Bohai Sea.Fisheries Oceanography,12(4/5):223-233.
单志欣,郑振虎,邢红艳,等,2000.渤海莱州湾的富营养化及其研究.海洋湖沼通报,2:41-46.
杜培培,吴晓青,都晓岩,等,2017.莱州湾海域空间开发利用现状评价.海洋通报,36(1):19-26.
高会旺,吴德星,白洁,等,2003.2000年夏季莱州湾生态环境要素的分布特征.青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2:185-191.
高元鹏,姚鹏,米铁柱,等,2011.小清河口的叶绿素a及理化环境因子的分布特征和统计分析.海洋科学,35(7):71-81.
郭飞,刘森,王飞飞,等,2016.夏季莱州湾水域营养盐现状及影响因素.海洋地质前沿,32(2):38-44.
郭卫东,章小明,杨逸萍,等,1998.中国近岸海域潜在性富营养化程度的评价.台湾海峡,17(1):64-70.
国家海洋局,2015.2014年中国海洋环境状况公报.
郝彦菊,王宗灵,朱明远,等,2005.莱州湾营养盐与浮游植物多样性调查与评价研究.海洋科学进展,23(2):197-204.
姜胜辉,朱龙海,胡日军,等,2015.围填海工程对莱州湾水动力条件的影响.中国海洋大学学报,45(10):74-80.
蒋红,崔毅,陈碧鹃,等,2015.渤海近20年来营养盐变化趋势研究.海洋水产研究,26(6):61-67.
蒋金杰,刘东艳,邸宝平,等,2011.烟台四十里湾浮游植物群落的季节变化及其对环境的指示意义.海洋学报,33(6):151-164.
李斌,白艳艳,邢红艳,等,2013.四十里湾营养状况与浮游植物生态特征.生态学报,33(1):260-266.
李聪明,2013.莱州市海湾扇贝养殖产业结构与特征初步研究.青岛:中国海洋大学.
李广楼,陈碧娟,崔毅,等,2006.莱州湾浮游植物的生态特征.中国水产科学,13(2):292-299.
刘霜,张继民,冷宇,等,2013.黄河口附近海域营养盐行为及年际变化分析.海洋通报,32(4):383-388.
刘义豪,杨秀兰,靳洋,等,2011.莱州湾海域营养盐现状及年际变化规律.渔业科学进展,32(4):1-5.
马绍赛,辛福言,崔毅,等,2004.黄河和小清河主要污染物入海通量的估算.海洋水产研究,25(5):47-51.
米铁柱,于志刚,姚庆祯,等,2001.春季莱州湾南部溶解态营养盐研究.海洋环境科学,3:14-18.
宁璇璇,纪灵,王刚,等,2011.2009年莱州湾近岸海域浮游植物群落的结构特征.海洋湖沼通报,3:97-104.
孙丕喜,王波,张朝晖,等,2006.莱州湾海水中营养盐分布与富营养化的关系.海洋科学进展,3:329-335.
孙萍,李瑞香,李艳,等,2008.2005年夏末渤海网采浮游植物群落结构.海洋科学进展,26(3):354-363.
孙伟,张守本,杨建森,等,2017.小清河口水环境质量评价及主要污染物入海通量研究.海洋环境科学,36(3):366-371.
王修林,崔正国,李克强,等,2008.环渤海三省一市溶解态无机氮容量总量控制.中国海洋大学学报,38(4):619-622,626.
王妍,董志军,刘东艳,等,2013.烟台近海浮游植物的时空变化特征.海洋通报,32(4):408-420.
夏斌,张晓理,崔毅,等,2009.夏季莱州湾及附近水域理化环境及营养现状评价.渔业科学进展,3:103-111.
颜秀利,翟惟东,洪华生,等,2012.九龙江口营养盐的分布、通量及其年代际变化.科学通报,57(17):1575-1587.
于志刚,米铁柱,谢宝东,等,2000.二十年来渤海生态环境参数的演化和相互关系.海洋环境科学,19(1):15-19.
张继民,刘霜,张琦,等,2008.黄河口附近海域营养盐特征及富营养化程度评价.海洋通报,27(5):65-72.
张锦峰,高学鲁,李培苗,等,2015.莱州湾西南部海域及其毗邻河流水体营养盐的分布特征及长期变化趋势.海洋通报,34(2):222-232.
张锦峰,高学鲁,庄文,等,2014.莱州湾渔业资源与环境变化趋势分析.海洋湖沼通报,3:82-90.
赵鹏,江文胜,毛新燕,等,2010.2000-2005年莱州湾盐度的变化及其主要影响因素.海洋与湖沼,41(1):12-23.
赵卫红,焦念志,赵增霞,2000.烟台四十里湾养殖水域氮的存在形态研究.海洋与湖沼,31(1):53-59.
赵玉庭,刘霞,李佳蕙,等,2016.2013年莱州湾海域营养盐的平面分布及季节变化规律.海洋环境科学,35(1):95-99.
周凤霞,高学鲁,庄文,等,2015.莱州湾沿岸河流对邻近海域表层水体中Chl-a浓度的影响.海洋环境科学,34(2):184-189.
邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平,1983.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨.海洋环境科学,2(2):42-54.