高速公路主线收费站节能减排测算模型与实例分析
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摘要
为解决高速公路主线站因拥堵所造成的能源过度消耗和污染排放问题,在分析主线收费站交通特性的基础上,根据车流波动理论、排队论理论和车辆数据建立了高速公路主线收费站节能减排测算模型,结合河北津保高速冀津主线站连续10 d的交通数据,完成主线收费站在不同排队长度、不同交通量组成及不同收费模式下车辆通过主线收费站的延误、油耗、CO_2排放和污染物排放等指标的测算。结果表明:收费模式变化对排放量的影响最为显著,ETC车道增加和无感支付均可显著减少污染物排放量;在收费模式不变的情况下,货车比例对污染排放量的影响最大,收费站收费车道数和收费广场长度确定应根据车型组成进行差异性设计。
In order to solve the problems of excessive energy consumption and pollution emission caused by congestion of the mainline toll stations of expressway,based on the analysis of the traffic characteristics of mainline toll stations,the calculation model of energy conservation and emission reduction for expressway mainline toll stations was established according to the theory of traffic flow fluctuation,queuing theory and vehicle data. Combined with the traffic data of Hebei-Tianjin mainline toll station of Tianjin-Baoding Expressway for 10 consecutive days, the measurement of indicators like the delay, fuel consumption,CO_2 emission and pollutant discharge of vehicles passing through the mainline toll station with different queue lengths,different traffic compositions and different charging modes was completed. The results showed that: the change in the charging model had the most significant influence on emission,and the increase of ETC lane and the unconscious payment could significantly reduce the pollutant emission; under the condition with unchanged charging mode,the proportion of trucks had the greatest impact on the pollution emissions,and the number of toll lanes and the length of the tolling plaza should be determined,according to the composition of the vehicles through differential design.
In order to solve the problems of excessive energy consumption and pollution emission caused by congestion of the mainline toll stations of expressway,based on the analysis of the traffic characteristics of mainline toll stations,the calculation model of energy conservation and emission reduction for expressway mainline toll stations was established according to the theory of traffic flow fluctuation,queuing theory and vehicle data. Combined with the traffic data of Hebei-Tianjin mainline toll station of Tianjin-Baoding Expressway for 10 consecutive days, the measurement of indicators like the delay, fuel consumption,CO_2 emission and pollutant discharge of vehicles passing through the mainline toll station with different queue lengths,different traffic compositions and different charging modes was completed. The results showed that: the change in the charging model had the most significant influence on emission,and the increase of ETC lane and the unconscious payment could significantly reduce the pollutant emission; under the condition with unchanged charging mode,the proportion of trucks had the greatest impact on the pollution emissions,and the number of toll lanes and the length of the tolling plaza should be determined,according to the composition of the vehicles through differential design.
引文
[1]《中国公路学报》编辑部.中国交通工程学术研究综述·2016[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(6):1-161.
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[14]张守诚,武凤霞,敖春,等.城区机动车排放废气量统计计算的探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2005,28(6):44-45.
[15]郭宇宏,王自发,康宏,等.机动车尾气排放对城市空气质量的影响研究---以乌鲁木齐市春节前后对比分析[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1109-1117.
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[17]王人洁,王堃,张帆,等.中国国道和省道机动车尾气排放特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3553-3560.
[18]孙德强,刘伟铭.自动发卡条件下公路收费车道的通行能力[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(8):129-133.
[2]钟连德,荣建,周荣贵,等.城市快速路与高速公路交通流特性的对比分析[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(1):48-51.
[3]王福建,韦薇,祁宏生,等.间断流速度-密度关系模型研究[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(7):108-114.
[4]孙明玲,杨峰,贝登荣,等.基于交通波动理论的排队消散时效分析[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(10):112-116.
[5]陈克军,陈克亮,张兰军,等.公路收费亭内外空气污染特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学,2007,28(8):1847-1853.
[6]薛亮.高速公路收费站环境影响测试及分析研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.
[7]祁志国,何杰,李旭宏,等.公路收费站污染物扩散数值模拟方法[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2010,8(4):58-63.
[8]张晨琛,王艳辉,贾利民.高速公路主线收费站拥堵消散控制策略[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(4):139-145.
[9]崔洪军,张志磊,李霞,等.基于节能减排的高速公路收费站处拥挤车流控制技术[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(5):125-129.
[10]张晨琛,王艳辉,贾利民.ETC系统对收费站服务水平的影响研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2013,13(2):147-152.
[11]刘东波.高速公路ETC交通效益评价研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2013,13(4):182-186.
[12]易涛,熊坚,万华森.高速公路基本路段交通流微观仿真建模与实现[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,29(3):94-97.
[13]李扬,褚春超,陈建营.公路交通节能减排评价指标体系及应用研究[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(1):141-145,158.
[14]张守诚,武凤霞,敖春,等.城区机动车排放废气量统计计算的探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2005,28(6):44-45.
[15]郭宇宏,王自发,康宏,等.机动车尾气排放对城市空气质量的影响研究---以乌鲁木齐市春节前后对比分析[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1109-1117.
[16]Zhan Z,Song L,Liu X,et al.Effects of synthesis methods on the performance of Pt+Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2three-way catalysts[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2014,26(3):683-693.
[17]王人洁,王堃,张帆,等.中国国道和省道机动车尾气排放特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3553-3560.
[18]孙德强,刘伟铭.自动发卡条件下公路收费车道的通行能力[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(8):129-133.