宠物饲料中药物及违禁添加物的分析研究
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摘要
目前,市售的宠物饲料产品质量良莠不齐,一些生产商为追求经济利益,在宠物饲料生产过程中加入具有预防和治疗宠物疾病的兽药、违禁药物甚至人用药物等,以降低使用劣质产品原料以及不规范的生产加工过程中所引入的致病微生物等有害因子可能给宠物健康可能带来的风险,此外,还可能存在生产过程中使用的动物源性原料存在药物残留的风险。研究利用液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF/MS)联用技术,建立了宠物饲料中227种药物及违禁添加物的筛查数据库,对市面上宠物饲料产品进行了筛查分析,并使用液相色谱-串联质谱对筛查到的药物进行了定量分析。结果发现,筛查的宠物饲料产品中有2批次存在药物,确定其种类和含量分别为恩诺沙星10μg/kg、土霉素10μg/kg。研究表明,目前宠物饲料存在一定的药物及违禁添加物非法使用风险。
The quality of pet feed on market is varied. Some veterinary drugs, forbidden drugs or drugs only used by humans may be added during productive process, for pursuing profits and assist for prevention and treatment of pet illness, which may be resulted by the raw materials with low quality or nonstandard processing. In addition, some drugs which used in animal-breeding may exist in pet feed when processing. In this study, liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass(LC-QTOF/MS) was firstly used to establish a database, in which, 227 samples were collected to detect the possible drugs. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the amount of the added drugs. Two samples contain veterinary drugs, which is enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline. The amount of enrofloxacin was 10 μg/kg, and oxytetracycline was 10 μg/kg. The results indicated the possible risks of drugs abuse existing in pet feed.
The quality of pet feed on market is varied. Some veterinary drugs, forbidden drugs or drugs only used by humans may be added during productive process, for pursuing profits and assist for prevention and treatment of pet illness, which may be resulted by the raw materials with low quality or nonstandard processing. In addition, some drugs which used in animal-breeding may exist in pet feed when processing. In this study, liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass(LC-QTOF/MS) was firstly used to establish a database, in which, 227 samples were collected to detect the possible drugs. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the amount of the added drugs. Two samples contain veterinary drugs, which is enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline. The amount of enrofloxacin was 10 μg/kg, and oxytetracycline was 10 μg/kg. The results indicated the possible risks of drugs abuse existing in pet feed.
引文
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[20]蓝芳,张毅,岳振峰,等.液相色谱-四级杆/飞行时间质谱快速检测饲料中36种违禁药物[J].分析测试学报,2012,12(31):1471-1478.
[21]黄思静,朱斌,汪义杰,等.直接进样杆大气压化学电离-飞行时间质谱法用于奶粉样品中药物残留测定[J].分析科学学报,2018,34(4):569-572.
[22]David R,Eva M M,Rufino M Castrob,et al.Food Chemistry[J].2018(30)267:140-148.
[23]吴剑平,周悦榕,张婧,等.超高效液相色谱-静电轨道阱质谱同时筛查定量饲料中的31种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留[J].分析测试学报,2017,36(11):1363-1369.
[24]谢瑜杰,陈辉,彭涛,等.食品与饲料基质中真菌毒素检测技术研究进展[J].食品质量安全检测学报,2018,9(6):1234-1236.
[25]李海云,李奎,丁成,等.宠物营养研究现状及发展前景[J].饲料研究,2017(20):6-9.
[2]常佳瑞.宠物经济今年市场规模将破2000亿元[N].中国贸易报,2018-04-02.
[3]陈来华.中国宠物行业现状与影响因素及发展趋势[J].中国动物保健,2018(2):4-9.
[4]关佳佳.宠物行业的发展现状与前景[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2018(8):32-33.
[5]王心竹.浅谈我国宠物行业的发展现状及趋势[J].现代畜牧兽医,2018(2):57-59.
[6]姜文萍.宠物行业发展的趋势和方向[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2018,34(2):43.
[7]欧阳艳,刘方玉.新形势下如何发展宠物产业[J].中国畜牧业,2018(7):34-35.
[8]姚婷,秦玉昌,吴宁鹏,等.玉米DDGS中抗生素残留分析[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(5):995-1005.
[9]Love D C,Halden R U,Davis M F,et al.Feather meal:a previously unrecognized route for reentry into the food supply of multiple pharmaceuticals and personal care products[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012(46):3795-3802.
[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中氯霉素的测定-气相色谱法:GB/T 8381.9—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中金霉素的测定—高效液相色谱法:GB/T 19684—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[12]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中盐霉素的测定:GB/T 20196—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中硝基咪唑类药物的测定:GB/T 21995—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[14]高萌,王跃生,魏惠珍,等.超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱和超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱用于血浆中苦杏仁苷及其代谢产物野黑樱苷的定性和定量分析[J].色谱,2014,32(6):591-599.
[15]曹新悦,庞国芳,金铃和,等.气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱和气相色谱-串联质谱对水果、蔬菜中208种农药残留筛查确证能力的对比[J]色谱,2015,33(4):359-396.
[16]汪洋,黄原飞,韩峰等.超高压液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱筛查渔用饲料中175种药物[J].分析实验室,2018,37(9):1013-1019.
[17]Lian R,Wu Z P,Lv X B,et al.Rapid screening of abused drugs by direct analysis in real time(DART)coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS)combined with ion mobility spectrometry(IMS)[J].Forensic Science International,2017,279:268-271.
[18]Ortelli D,Cognard E,Jan P,et al.Comprehensive fast multiresidue screening of 150 veterinary drugs in milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography B,2009,877(23):2363-2374.
[19]Peter R J B,Bolck Y J C,Rutgers P,et al.Multi-residue screening of veterinary drugs in egg,fish and meat using high-resolution liquid chromatography accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2009,1216(46):8206-8216.
[20]蓝芳,张毅,岳振峰,等.液相色谱-四级杆/飞行时间质谱快速检测饲料中36种违禁药物[J].分析测试学报,2012,12(31):1471-1478.
[21]黄思静,朱斌,汪义杰,等.直接进样杆大气压化学电离-飞行时间质谱法用于奶粉样品中药物残留测定[J].分析科学学报,2018,34(4):569-572.
[22]David R,Eva M M,Rufino M Castrob,et al.Food Chemistry[J].2018(30)267:140-148.
[23]吴剑平,周悦榕,张婧,等.超高效液相色谱-静电轨道阱质谱同时筛查定量饲料中的31种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留[J].分析测试学报,2017,36(11):1363-1369.
[24]谢瑜杰,陈辉,彭涛,等.食品与饲料基质中真菌毒素检测技术研究进展[J].食品质量安全检测学报,2018,9(6):1234-1236.
[25]李海云,李奎,丁成,等.宠物营养研究现状及发展前景[J].饲料研究,2017(20):6-9.