地下工程裂隙型涌水超前注浆治理方法
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摘要
针对地下工程裂隙型涌水超前注浆问题,通过钻探获取裂隙频率信息,并采用分段压水试验的方法,对围岩的渗透系数进行了测定;采用数理统计方法对所测数据进行分析,获得其统计规律;借助于涌水量计算理论,依据设计时确定的涌水量容许值,计算得到了所需封堵裂隙宽度的最小值,为注浆材料的选择提供依据;根据所选注浆材料分析了浆液扩散规律并确定了注浆方法与注浆参数;采用流动维度理论对注浆过程中PQT曲线进行了分析,并通过开挖检验对注浆封堵效果进行了评估.研究结果表明:拱顶与侧壁无明显渗水,涌水量小于0.01 m~3/h,达到了渗漏水控制标准以及注浆封堵的目标;实际开挖后的涌水量比预测值低50%,误差在合理范围内.
Fracture frequency information was acquired by drilling for pre-excavation grouting for underground construction fracture water inflow. The permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock mass was measured by pump-in tests on each section. The measured data were analysed by employing statistical methods to determine their statistical rules. According to the water inflow calculation theory,in combination with the designed water inflow control criterion,the minimum value for the fracture width to be sealed was calculated,which provides a criterion for the selection of grouting materials. According to this,the spreading rule was analysed,and grouting methods and parameters were determined. The flow dimension theory was used to analyse the pressure-quantitytime curves during grouting. After grouting,the sealing efficiency was evaluated by excavation. The results show that obvious water seepage existed in the vault and side walls, which reached requirement on seepage water control criterion of no more than 0.01 m~3/h. The actual water inflow was 50% lower than the predicted value,which was within the acceptable range.
Fracture frequency information was acquired by drilling for pre-excavation grouting for underground construction fracture water inflow. The permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock mass was measured by pump-in tests on each section. The measured data were analysed by employing statistical methods to determine their statistical rules. According to the water inflow calculation theory,in combination with the designed water inflow control criterion,the minimum value for the fracture width to be sealed was calculated,which provides a criterion for the selection of grouting materials. According to this,the spreading rule was analysed,and grouting methods and parameters were determined. The flow dimension theory was used to analyse the pressure-quantitytime curves during grouting. After grouting,the sealing efficiency was evaluated by excavation. The results show that obvious water seepage existed in the vault and side walls, which reached requirement on seepage water control criterion of no more than 0.01 m~3/h. The actual water inflow was 50% lower than the predicted value,which was within the acceptable range.
引文
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[15]GUSTAFSON G,STILLE H.Stop criteria for cement grouting[J].Felsbau Rock and Soil Engineering,2005,23(3):325-332.
[2]张庆松,韩伟伟,李术才,等.灰岩角砾岩破碎带涌水综合注浆治理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2412-2419.ZHANG Qingsong,HAN Weiwei,LI Shucai,et al.Comprehensive grouting treatment for water gushing analysis in limestone breccias fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2412-2419.
[3]张霄.地下工程动水注浆过程中浆液扩散与封堵机理研究及应用[D].济南:山东大学,2011.
[4]刘人太.水泥基速凝浆液地下工程动水注浆扩散封堵机理及应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.
[5]BUTRóN C,GUSTAFSON G,FRANSSON?,et al.Drip sealing of tunnels in hard rock:a new concept for the design and evaluation of permeation grouting[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2010,25(2):114-121.
[6]FAIRHURST C,GERA F,GNIRK P,et al.The international stripa project:an overview[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology,1993,8(3):315-343.
[7]HERNQVIST L,FRANSSON?,GUSTAFSON G,et al.Analyses of the grouting results for a section of the APSE tunnel at Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46(3):439-449.
[8]FRANSSON A.Grouting predictions based on hydraulic tests of short duration:analytical,numerical and experimental approaches[D].Gotebory:Chalmers University of Technology,1999.
[9]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):69-73.RUAN Wenjun.Research on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):69-73.
[10]杨志全,侯克鹏,郭婷婷,等.黏度时变性宾汉体浆液的柱-半球形渗透注浆机制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2697-2703.YANG Zhiquan,HOU Kepeng,GUO Tingting,et al.Study of column-hemispherical penetration grouting mechanism based on Bingham fluid of time-dependent behavior of viscosity[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2697-2703.
[11]刘嘉材.裂缝注浆扩散半径研究[C]//中国水利水电科学院科学研究论文集.北京:水利电力出版社,1982:25-40.
[12]GUSTAFSON G,FRANSSON A.The use of the Pareto distribution for fracture transmissivity assessment[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2006,14(1/2):15-20.
[13]HAWKINS M F.A Note on the Skin Effect[J].Trans AIME,1956,207:356-357.
[14]ERIKSSON M.Prediction of grout spread and sealing effect:a probabilistic approach[D].Stockholm:Royal Insitute of Technology,2002.
[15]GUSTAFSON G,STILLE H.Stop criteria for cement grouting[J].Felsbau Rock and Soil Engineering,2005,23(3):325-332.