白灵菇种植基质废料和牛粪混合厌氧发酵产沼气特性研究
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摘要
以白灵菇种植基质废料和牛粪以2∶1的配比为原料,在35℃中温环境中,分别在6种不同TS质量分数(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%、12%)的条件下进行厌氧发酵制取沼气的试验,通过测定发酵过程中发酵液和沼气的各项指标,对白灵菇种植基质废料厌氧发酵的可行性及TS浓度对发酵过程的影响进行了研究,并分别采用Logistic模型、Transference模型和Modified Gompertz模型对甲烷产生过程进行拟合。结果表明,白灵菇种植基质废料用厌氧发酵工艺处理是可行的;试验得出最适宜厌氧发酵的条件是:在白灵菇种植基质废料和牛粪配比为2∶1的情况下(以干物质计),发酵液的总固体质量分数为8%,此种情况下发酵原料的TS转化率最高,为37.04%;单位TS产气量最大,为473.5mL/g。Logistic模型、Transference模型、Modified Gompertz模型都可较好地模拟白灵菇种植基质废料厌氧发酵产甲烷过程,其中ModifiedGompertz模型拟合效果最好。该项研究对白灵菇种植基质废料的资源化利用提供了有益的参考。
The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus produces a large amount of mushroom planting matrix wastes. The planting matrix wastes are rich in protein, amino acids and other nutrients. Discarding will cause serious waste of resources. If we apply the mushroom planting matrix wastes directly into the field, it will promote the growth of mold and pests, increase the number of harmful spores and pests in the air, and this way will also cause bacterial reproduction and disease transmission. If we burn the mushroom growing substrate directly, then we can only get about 10% of the heat. Those treatment methods will cause huge waste of agricultural organic resources and environmental pollution. Reasonable development and utilization of mushroom planting matrix wastes can not only utilize resources as much as possible and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, how to properly handle mushroom planting matrix wastes becomes an urgent problem that needs to be solved. The research on converting mushroom planting matrix wastes into biogas by biological fermentation has gradually attracted people's attention. This method is considered to be a promising treatment method for mushroom planting matrix wastes. In this study, the mass ratio of waste to cow dung was 2:1, the fermentation temperature was 35 ℃, and the TS concentrations of anaerobic fermentation were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. By measuring various indexes of fermentation broth and biogas during the reaction process, the feasibility of anaerobic fermentation for biogas from Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes was studied. The influence of TS concentration on fermentation process was studied. In this study, the Logistic model, the Transference model and the Modified Gompertz model were used to fit the characteristics of methane produced by anaerobic fermentation of Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle Manure. The results showed that in co-anaerobic fermentation using Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle manure as raw materials, the biogas production could be smoothly developed under 6 different concentrations, indicating that it is feasible to use Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle manure for anaerobic fermentation to obtain biogas. The experimental results showed that the optimum anaerobic fermentation TS mass fraction was 8% under the condition of 2∶1 ratio of raw materials. At this time, the TS removal rate and the unit TS gas production amount were the highest. The TS removal rate and VS removal rate were 37.04% and 39.03%, the unit gas production volume and unit VS gas production were 473.5 and 515.2 mL/g, and the cumulative gas production and average daily gas production were 17.25 and 8.77 mL/(g·d). Logistic model, Transference model and Modified Gompertz model could better describe the anaerobic fermentation for methane production in this study. Among the three models, the Modified Gompertz model had the best fitting effect. The study provides a reference for the resource utilization of the Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes.
The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus produces a large amount of mushroom planting matrix wastes. The planting matrix wastes are rich in protein, amino acids and other nutrients. Discarding will cause serious waste of resources. If we apply the mushroom planting matrix wastes directly into the field, it will promote the growth of mold and pests, increase the number of harmful spores and pests in the air, and this way will also cause bacterial reproduction and disease transmission. If we burn the mushroom growing substrate directly, then we can only get about 10% of the heat. Those treatment methods will cause huge waste of agricultural organic resources and environmental pollution. Reasonable development and utilization of mushroom planting matrix wastes can not only utilize resources as much as possible and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, how to properly handle mushroom planting matrix wastes becomes an urgent problem that needs to be solved. The research on converting mushroom planting matrix wastes into biogas by biological fermentation has gradually attracted people's attention. This method is considered to be a promising treatment method for mushroom planting matrix wastes. In this study, the mass ratio of waste to cow dung was 2:1, the fermentation temperature was 35 ℃, and the TS concentrations of anaerobic fermentation were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. By measuring various indexes of fermentation broth and biogas during the reaction process, the feasibility of anaerobic fermentation for biogas from Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes was studied. The influence of TS concentration on fermentation process was studied. In this study, the Logistic model, the Transference model and the Modified Gompertz model were used to fit the characteristics of methane produced by anaerobic fermentation of Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle Manure. The results showed that in co-anaerobic fermentation using Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle manure as raw materials, the biogas production could be smoothly developed under 6 different concentrations, indicating that it is feasible to use Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle manure for anaerobic fermentation to obtain biogas. The experimental results showed that the optimum anaerobic fermentation TS mass fraction was 8% under the condition of 2∶1 ratio of raw materials. At this time, the TS removal rate and the unit TS gas production amount were the highest. The TS removal rate and VS removal rate were 37.04% and 39.03%, the unit gas production volume and unit VS gas production were 473.5 and 515.2 mL/g, and the cumulative gas production and average daily gas production were 17.25 and 8.77 mL/(g·d). Logistic model, Transference model and Modified Gompertz model could better describe the anaerobic fermentation for methane production in this study. Among the three models, the Modified Gompertz model had the best fitting effect. The study provides a reference for the resource utilization of the Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes.
引文
[1]李珍.白灵菇栽培关键技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.Li Zhen.Cultivation Key Technology of Pleurotus Nebrodensis[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]肇莹,杨镇,陈珣,等.玉米秸秆基质栽培白灵菇高产高效配方研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(6):35-38.Zhao Ying,Yang Zhen,Chen Xun,et al.Study on Formula of High Yielding and High Efficient Cultiviation of Pleurotus nebrodensis with Corn Straw[J].Liaoning Agricultural Sciences,2017(6):35-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]张艳荣,高宇航,刘婷婷,等.白灵菇蛋白提取及功能特性和结构分析[J].食品科学,2018,39(14):42-50.Zhang Yanrong,Gao Yuhang,Liu Tingting,et al.Extraction and functional and structural characteristics of protein from Pleurotus nebrodensis[J].Food Science,2018,39(14):42-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]石思博,王旭东,叶正钱,等.菌渣化肥配施对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮和可溶性碳氮的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(23).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2031.Q.20180926.0934.046.html Shi Sibo,Wang Xudong,Ye Zhengqian,et al.Effects of the combination of fungal and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in paddy soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(23).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2031.Q.20180926.0934.046.html(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Amuneke E H,Dike K S,Ogbulie J N.Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus:An edible mushroom from agro base waste production[J].Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology Research,2011,1:1-14.
[6]王义祥,高凌飞,叶菁,等.菌渣垫料堆肥过程碳素物质转化规律[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊2):292-296.Wang Yixiang,Gao Lingfei,Ye Jing,et al.Change of carbon substance characteristics during composting of waste packing and fungus chaff[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(Supp.2):292-296.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]胡斌,刘延生,于蕾,等.添加菌剂对羊粪和菌渣好氧堆肥进程的影响[J].山东农业科学,2018(9):89-93.Hu Bin,Liu Yansheng,Yu Lei,et al.Effects of adding microorganism agent on aerobic composting process of sheep manure and mushroom residue[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2018(9):89-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]黄欣磊.牛粪与芦荟皮废弃物厌氧共发酵的实验研究[D].西安:建筑科技大学,2017.Huang Xinlei.Research on the Anaerobic Co-fermentation of Dairy Manure and Aloe Peel Waste[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]刘琬瑜.牛粪联合玉米秸秆混合厌氧发酵的因子优化[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.Liu Wanyu.Factor Optimization of Mixed Anaerobic Fermentation of Cow Dung and Corn Stalk[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]崔维栋.混合物料协同厌氧消化产甲烷性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.Cui Weidong.Synergistic Effect on Methane Production of Anaerobic Digestion with Mixed Materials[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王星.预处理对水稻秸秆/金针菇菌糠产沼气的影响研究[D].成都:中国农业科学院,2017.Wang Xing.Research on Effect of Pretreatments on Biogas Yield of Rice Straw/Enoki Mushroom Residue[D].Chengdu:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]程辉彩,张丽萍,崔冠慧,等.平菇菌糠发酵生产沼气技术研究[J].中国食用菌,2010,29(5):46-49.Cheng Huicai,Zhang Liping,Cui Guanhui,et al.Study on the anaerobic fermentation technology of residue of Pleurotus ostreatus[J].Edible Fungi of China,2010,29(5):46-49.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Lin Yunqin,Ge Xumeng,Li Yebo.Solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of spent mushroom substrate with yard trimmings and wheat straw for biogas production[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,169(5):468-474.
[14]张全国,刘会亮,胡建军,等.磷酸盐和碳酸盐对秸秆类生物质光发酵产氢的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):251-257.Zhang Quanguo,Liu Huiliang,Hu Jianjun,et al.Effects of phosphate and carbonate on photo-fermentative hydrogen production of biomass straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(13):251-257.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]唐天明,高树梅,陶雨蒙,等.缓冲体系下餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产沼气动力学解析[J].嘉兴学院学报,2017(6):41-46.Tang Tianming,Gao Shumei,Tao Yumeng,et al.A kinetic study on methane production from anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste in buffer system[J].Journal of Jiaxing University,2017(6):41-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]肇莹,杨镇,陈珣,等.玉米秸秆基质栽培白灵菇高产高效配方研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(6):35-38.Zhao Ying,Yang Zhen,Chen Xun,et al.Study on Formula of High Yielding and High Efficient Cultiviation of Pleurotus nebrodensis with Corn Straw[J].Liaoning Agricultural Sciences,2017(6):35-38.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]张艳荣,高宇航,刘婷婷,等.白灵菇蛋白提取及功能特性和结构分析[J].食品科学,2018,39(14):42-50.Zhang Yanrong,Gao Yuhang,Liu Tingting,et al.Extraction and functional and structural characteristics of protein from Pleurotus nebrodensis[J].Food Science,2018,39(14):42-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]石思博,王旭东,叶正钱,等.菌渣化肥配施对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮和可溶性碳氮的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(23).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2031.Q.20180926.0934.046.html Shi Sibo,Wang Xudong,Ye Zhengqian,et al.Effects of the combination of fungal and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in paddy soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(23).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2031.Q.20180926.0934.046.html(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Amuneke E H,Dike K S,Ogbulie J N.Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus:An edible mushroom from agro base waste production[J].Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology Research,2011,1:1-14.
[6]王义祥,高凌飞,叶菁,等.菌渣垫料堆肥过程碳素物质转化规律[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊2):292-296.Wang Yixiang,Gao Lingfei,Ye Jing,et al.Change of carbon substance characteristics during composting of waste packing and fungus chaff[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(Supp.2):292-296.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]胡斌,刘延生,于蕾,等.添加菌剂对羊粪和菌渣好氧堆肥进程的影响[J].山东农业科学,2018(9):89-93.Hu Bin,Liu Yansheng,Yu Lei,et al.Effects of adding microorganism agent on aerobic composting process of sheep manure and mushroom residue[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2018(9):89-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]黄欣磊.牛粪与芦荟皮废弃物厌氧共发酵的实验研究[D].西安:建筑科技大学,2017.Huang Xinlei.Research on the Anaerobic Co-fermentation of Dairy Manure and Aloe Peel Waste[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]刘琬瑜.牛粪联合玉米秸秆混合厌氧发酵的因子优化[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.Liu Wanyu.Factor Optimization of Mixed Anaerobic Fermentation of Cow Dung and Corn Stalk[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]崔维栋.混合物料协同厌氧消化产甲烷性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.Cui Weidong.Synergistic Effect on Methane Production of Anaerobic Digestion with Mixed Materials[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王星.预处理对水稻秸秆/金针菇菌糠产沼气的影响研究[D].成都:中国农业科学院,2017.Wang Xing.Research on Effect of Pretreatments on Biogas Yield of Rice Straw/Enoki Mushroom Residue[D].Chengdu:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]程辉彩,张丽萍,崔冠慧,等.平菇菌糠发酵生产沼气技术研究[J].中国食用菌,2010,29(5):46-49.Cheng Huicai,Zhang Liping,Cui Guanhui,et al.Study on the anaerobic fermentation technology of residue of Pleurotus ostreatus[J].Edible Fungi of China,2010,29(5):46-49.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Lin Yunqin,Ge Xumeng,Li Yebo.Solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of spent mushroom substrate with yard trimmings and wheat straw for biogas production[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,169(5):468-474.
[14]张全国,刘会亮,胡建军,等.磷酸盐和碳酸盐对秸秆类生物质光发酵产氢的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):251-257.Zhang Quanguo,Liu Huiliang,Hu Jianjun,et al.Effects of phosphate and carbonate on photo-fermentative hydrogen production of biomass straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(13):251-257.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]唐天明,高树梅,陶雨蒙,等.缓冲体系下餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产沼气动力学解析[J].嘉兴学院学报,2017(6):41-46.Tang Tianming,Gao Shumei,Tao Yumeng,et al.A kinetic study on methane production from anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste in buffer system[J].Journal of Jiaxing University,2017(6):41-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)