环氧/纸复合材料热、电及空间电荷特性的研究
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摘要
特高压直流套管是制约特高压直流输电技术发展的瓶颈之一,而SIEMENS公司从技术上垄断了高压直流环氧浸渍干式套管的生产,同时国内对环氧树脂、固化剂、套管纸、铝箔及相关辅助材料的性能研究的缺乏制约了干式直流套管的研究进程。为此,首先制备了纯双酚A环氧树脂,接着采用真空环氧浸渍技术制作出一种用于干式套管的环氧/纸复合材料;同时,通过采用差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)、热重分析法(thermal gravimetric analyzer,TGA)、热刺激电流法(thermally stimulated current,TSC)和电声脉冲法(pulsed electroacoustic method,PEA)等测量技术对纯环氧树脂和环氧/纸复合材料的热性能、电性能和空间电荷特性进行对比分析,研究真空环氧浸渍技术对提升环氧/纸复合材料各性能的作用。结果表明:环氧/纸复合材料相比于环氧树脂具有更为优异的热稳定性和更低的内部电场强度,在低电场下,环氧/纸复合材料比环氧树脂电场畸变大,但在高电场下,其电场畸变较小,从而验证了环氧/纸复合材料是一种适用于高压直流干式套管的绝缘材料,具有一定的工程应用前景。
EHV DC bushing is one of bottle-neck restricting development of EHV DC power transmission technology and SIEMENS has a monopoly on production of HVDC epoxy impregnated dry bushing in terms of technology. Lack of research on properties of epoxy resin, curing agent, bushing paper, aluminum foil and related auxiliary materials restricts research process of the dry DC bushing in domestic. Therefore, pure bisphenol A epoxy resin was prepared firstly and then a kind of epoxy/insulating paper composites for the dry bushing were made by using vacuum epoxy impregnation technique. Meanwhile, measurement technologies such as differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) method, thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA) method, thermally stimulated current(TSC) method and pulsed electroacoustic(PEA) method were used to compare and analyze thermal property, electrical property and space charge characteristics of the pure epoxy and epoxy/insulating paper composites so as to study effect of vacuum epoxy impregnation technique in promoting properties of epoxy/insulating paper composites. Results indicate that compared to pure epoxy resin, epoxy/insulating paper composites have more excellent thermal stability and lower internal electric field intensity. In the low electric field, electric field distortion of epoxy/insulating composites is larger than that of pure epoxy resin, but in the high electric field, its distortion is smaller. Consequently, epoxy/insulating composites are verified to be insulating materials suitable for the HVDC dry bushing, which have prospect of engineering application.
EHV DC bushing is one of bottle-neck restricting development of EHV DC power transmission technology and SIEMENS has a monopoly on production of HVDC epoxy impregnated dry bushing in terms of technology. Lack of research on properties of epoxy resin, curing agent, bushing paper, aluminum foil and related auxiliary materials restricts research process of the dry DC bushing in domestic. Therefore, pure bisphenol A epoxy resin was prepared firstly and then a kind of epoxy/insulating paper composites for the dry bushing were made by using vacuum epoxy impregnation technique. Meanwhile, measurement technologies such as differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) method, thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA) method, thermally stimulated current(TSC) method and pulsed electroacoustic(PEA) method were used to compare and analyze thermal property, electrical property and space charge characteristics of the pure epoxy and epoxy/insulating paper composites so as to study effect of vacuum epoxy impregnation technique in promoting properties of epoxy/insulating paper composites. Results indicate that compared to pure epoxy resin, epoxy/insulating paper composites have more excellent thermal stability and lower internal electric field intensity. In the low electric field, electric field distortion of epoxy/insulating composites is larger than that of pure epoxy resin, but in the high electric field, its distortion is smaller. Consequently, epoxy/insulating composites are verified to be insulating materials suitable for the HVDC dry bushing, which have prospect of engineering application.
引文
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[18]吴锴,朱庆东,王浩森,等.温度梯度下双层油纸绝缘系统的空间电荷分布特性[J].高电压技术,2012,38(9):2366-2372.WU Kai,ZHU Qingdong,WANG Haosen,et al.Space charge distribution characteristic in double-layer oil impregnated papers under temperature gradient[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(9):2366-2372.
[19]王霞,屠德民,尹毅,等.固体介质中空间电荷畸变电场分布的有限元分析[J].高电压技术,2001,27(5):51-53.WANG Xia,TU Demin,YIN Yi,et al.Analysis of finite element method for distortion of electrical stress by space charge in solid insulation material[J].High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(5):51-53.
[2]冯康红.环氧树脂干式变压器的特点及应用[J].甘肃科技,2005,21(5):111-112.FENG Kanghong.The characteristics and applications of the epoxy resin dry type transformer[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2005,21(5):111-112.
[3]欧小波,周丹,林春耀,等.油浸式电力变压器老化及寿命评估研究综述[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(9):58-70.OU Xiaobo,ZHOU Dan,LIN Chunyao,et al.Review of aging and life assessment of oil-immersed pow er transformer[J].Southern Pow er Technology,2015,9(9):58-70.
[4]刘鹏,金海云,石惠承,等.特高压直流套管用环氧树脂/皱纹纸复合绝缘体系介电性能的研究[J].高压电器,2009,45(5):6-8.L IU Peng,JIN Haiy un,SHI Huicheng,et al.Inv estig atio n o n dielectric pro perties o f epo x y/crepe paper co m po sites fo r ultra-hig h D C bushing[J].Hig h V o ltag e A pparetus,2009,45(5):6-8.
[5]张施令,彭宗仁,刘鹏,等.电热耦合模型应用于高压干式直流套管径向温度和电场分布计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):191-200.ZHANG Shiling,PENG Zongren,LIU Peng,et al.Electrothermal coupling model for computation of radial temperature and electric field of resin impregnated paper high voltage direct current bushing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):191-200.
[6]PREETHA P,THOMAS M J.Partial discharge resistant characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(1):264-274.
[7]龚瑾,李喆.氮化硼/环氧树脂复合材料空间电荷与击穿特性实验研究[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(6):20-27.GONG Jin,LI Zhe.Study on space charge and breakdow n characteristics of BN/epoxy resin composites[J].Insulating M aterials,2016,49(6):20-27.
[8]王旗,李喆,尹毅.微、纳米无机颗粒/环氧树脂复合材料击穿强度性能[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):230-235.WANG Qi,LI Zhe,YIN Yi.The effect of micro and nano inorganic filler on the breakdow n strength of epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):230-235.
[9]宁鑫,彭宗仁,冯骅,等.特高压直流干式套管用环氧及环氧/皱纹纸复合材料介电特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(4):995-1001.NING Xin,PENG Zongren,FENG Hua,et al.Dielectric properties of epoxy resin and epoxy/crepe paper composites used in the ultra high voltage direct current dry-type bushing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(4):995-1001.
[10]申巍,曹雯,吴锴.环氧/纸复合材料击穿特性及空间电荷的研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(7):1-6.SHEN Wei,CAO Wen,WU Kai.Study of characteristics of breakdow n strength and space charge of epoxy/paper composites[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(7):1-6.
[11]李鑫,申舒航,徐晓刚,等.变压器用耐高温改性绝缘纸研究进展[J].广东电力,2017,30(2):13-21.LI Xin,SHEN Shuhang,XU Xiaogang,et al.Research development of transformer high temperature resistant modified insulation paper[J].Guangdong Electric Pow er,2017,30(2):13-21.
[12]徐颖,张勇.测量玻璃化转变温度的几种热分析技术[J].分析仪器,2010(3):57-60.XU Ying,ZHANG Yong.Thermal analysis techniques for measurment of glass transition temperature[J].Analytical Instruments,2010(3):57-60.
[13]王群芳,赵桂兰.绝缘纸的阻燃性及其热降解研究[J].应用化工,2006,35(7):517-519.WANG Qunfang,ZHAO Guilan.Study on thermal degradation of insulated paper treated w ith flame retardants[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2006,35(7):517-519.
[14]王有元,田苗,罗明武.水分对绝缘纸微观特性影响的分子模拟研究[J].高电压技术,2013,39(11):2615-2622.WANG Youyuan,TIAN M iao,LUO M ingw u.M olecular modeling study for impact of moisture on the microscope properties of insulating paper[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(11):2615-2622.
[15]王有元,杨涛,田苗,等.电场对绝缘纸中水分扩散特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):195-203.WANG Youyuan,YANG Tao,TIAN M iao,et al.Impact of electric field on moisture diffusion properties of insulating paper[J].Transtractions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):195-203.
[16]CAO Wen,SHEN Wei,WU Kai.Study on the properties of space charge and breakdow n for epoxy-paper composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering,2015,10(4):364-367.
[17]李伟,廖瑞金,袁秀娟,等.热老化对纤维素绝缘纸的空间电荷及陷阱特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(7):145-153.LI Wei,LIAO Ruijin,YUAN Xiujuan,et al.Effects of thermal aging on the space charge and trap characteristics of cellulose insulating paper[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(7):145-153.
[18]吴锴,朱庆东,王浩森,等.温度梯度下双层油纸绝缘系统的空间电荷分布特性[J].高电压技术,2012,38(9):2366-2372.WU Kai,ZHU Qingdong,WANG Haosen,et al.Space charge distribution characteristic in double-layer oil impregnated papers under temperature gradient[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(9):2366-2372.
[19]王霞,屠德民,尹毅,等.固体介质中空间电荷畸变电场分布的有限元分析[J].高电压技术,2001,27(5):51-53.WANG Xia,TU Demin,YIN Yi,et al.Analysis of finite element method for distortion of electrical stress by space charge in solid insulation material[J].High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(5):51-53.