海燕视觉的初步研究
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摘要
海燕(Asteroidea)是棘皮动物门海星纲有棘目海燕科的一种海洋类无脊椎底栖动物,主要分布于我国渤海和黄海一带。海燕喜食软体动物,包括一些贝类的软体组织,已成为贝类和贝类养殖的敌害。通过实验方法研究海燕的视觉行为,可以掌握其行为规律,为采取有效措施,减少海燕对贝类养殖的危害提供科学依据。使用黑、红、蓝、绿4种颜色的水槽对海燕进行了视觉实验分析,结果表明,海燕对黑、红、蓝、绿4种颜色具有一定的选择性,在正常颜色选择实验中,海燕在不同颜色停留时间为黑色>蓝色>红色>绿色。使用4种颜色对海燕进行摄食驯化,红色和蓝色随着摄食驯化的时间增长,海燕在这2种颜色停留的时间越长,黑色和绿色的驯化结果并不理想,随着驯化时间的增长,海燕在这2种颜色区域停留的时间并没有加长。实验证明,海燕对颜色具有一定的选择性,具备一定的视觉能力。
Asteroidea is a phylum of echinoderms,Neptunidae,Acanthoideae,a marine invertebrate benthic animal.It mainly distributes in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea of China.The Asteroidea likes mollusks,including some mollusks,therefore,the petrel has become an enemy of shellfish and shellfish culture.Therefore,Asteroidea has become a predator of shellfish and shellfish farming.The experimental study of Asteroidea 's visual behavior can further prevent the damage of Asteroidea to culture,povide a scientific basis for measures taken to reduce the hazards to cultured shellfish.Visual experiment analysis of Asteroidea using tank of four color:black,red,blue and green.The results show that the Asteroidea has a certain selectivity to the four colors of black,red,blue and green.In the normal color selection experiment,the residence time of Asteroidea in different colors was black>Blue>Red>green.Feeding and domesticating Asteroidea in four colors,Red and blue grow with the time of food and domestication,and the longer the Asteroidea stays in these two colors,The domestication results of black and green are not ideal.As the domestication time increases,Asteroidea's stay in these two color areas does not lengthen.The experiment proves that Asteroidea has certain selectivity to color,and Asteroidea has certain visual ability.
Asteroidea is a phylum of echinoderms,Neptunidae,Acanthoideae,a marine invertebrate benthic animal.It mainly distributes in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea of China.The Asteroidea likes mollusks,including some mollusks,therefore,the petrel has become an enemy of shellfish and shellfish culture.Therefore,Asteroidea has become a predator of shellfish and shellfish farming.The experimental study of Asteroidea 's visual behavior can further prevent the damage of Asteroidea to culture,povide a scientific basis for measures taken to reduce the hazards to cultured shellfish.Visual experiment analysis of Asteroidea using tank of four color:black,red,blue and green.The results show that the Asteroidea has a certain selectivity to the four colors of black,red,blue and green.In the normal color selection experiment,the residence time of Asteroidea in different colors was black>Blue>Red>green.Feeding and domesticating Asteroidea in four colors,Red and blue grow with the time of food and domestication,and the longer the Asteroidea stays in these two colors,The domestication results of black and green are not ideal.As the domestication time increases,Asteroidea's stay in these two color areas does not lengthen.The experiment proves that Asteroidea has certain selectivity to color,and Asteroidea has certain visual ability.
引文
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[19]齐占会,王珺,毛玉泽,等.两种海星对三种双壳贝类的捕食选择性和摄食率[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):4878-4884.
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[23]Riveraposada J,Pratchett M S,Aguilar C,et al.Bile salts and the single-shot lethal injection method for killing crown-ofthorns sea stars(Acanthaster planci)[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2014,102:383-390.
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[25]Arendt D,Wittbrodt J.Reconstructing the eyes of Urbilateria[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,2001,356(1414):1545-1563.
[26]Penn P E,Alexander C G.Fine structure of the optic cusion in the asteroid Nepanthia belcheri[J].Marine Biology,1980,58(4):251-256.
[27]Ullrich-Luter E M,Dupont S,Arboleda E,et al.Unique system of photoreceptors in sea urchin tube feet[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2011,108(20):8367-8372.
[28]Raible F,Tessmar-Raible K,Arboleda E,et al.Opsins and clusters of sensory G-protein-coupled receptors in the sea urchin genome[J].Developmental Biology,2006,300(1).
[29]Burke RD. A genomic view of the sea urchin nervous system[J].Dev.Biol,2006,300,434-460.
[30]Nilsson D.-E.The evolution of eyes and visually guided behaviour[J].Proc. R. Soc.B,2009,364,2833-2847.(doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0083)
[2]郭承华.海星资源的开发利用[J].生物学通报,1989,11.
[3]郭文场,刘佳贺,赵冰冰.中国海星资源的种类、分布与综合利用[J].特种经济动植物,2013,12.
[4]Sloan N A,Aspects of the feeding biology of animals[J].Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review,1980,18:57-124.
[5]Power M E,Tilmao D,Estes B A,et al.Challenges in the quest for keystones[J].Bioscience,1996,46:609-620.
[6]Witman J D,Dayton P K.Rocky subtidal communities//Bertness,M.D.,Gaines,S.D.,Hay,M.E.eds.Marine Community Ecology[M].Sinauer Associates,Massachusetts,2001:339-366.
[7]Verling E,Crook A C,Barnes D K A,et al.Structural dynamics of a sea star Marthasterias glacialis population[J].Marin Biological Association of the United Kingdom,2003,83:583-592.
[8]Land,Michael F.Animal Vision:Starfish Can See at Last[J].Current Biology,2014,24(5):200-201.
[9]Garm A,Nilsson D E.Visual navigation in starfish:first evidence for the use of vision and eyes in starfish[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2014,81(1777):20133011-20133011.
[10]Nilsson D E.The evolution of eyes and visually guided behaviour[J].Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences,2009,364(1531):2833-2847.
[11]Nilsson,D.-E.Eyes as Optical Alarm Systems in Fan Worms and Ark Clams[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,1994,346(1316):195-212.
[12] Land,M.F.,Nilsson,D.-E.General-purpose and special-purpose visual systems. In Invertebrate Vision,E. Warrant and D.-E. Nilsson,eds[J].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2006:167-210.
[13]Himmelman J H,Dutil C,Gaymer C F.Foraging behavior and activity budgets of sea stars on a subtidal sediment bottom community[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,2005,322(2):153-165.
[14]Holling C S.The Functional Response of Invertebrate Predators to Prey Density1[J].Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada,1966,98(48):1-86.
[15]Rice J A,Crowder L B,Marschall E A.Predation on juvenile fishes:dynamic interactions between size-structured predators and prey[M]//Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations.Springer Netherlands,1997.
[16]张天文,刘广斌,刘恩孚,等.多棘海盘车对魁蚶摄食量、选择性及昼夜摄食差异的初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(12):24-29.
[17]代克涛,李娇,关长涛,等.多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对5种双壳贝类的摄食选择性及摄食节律[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(01):97-102.
[18]刘佳.多棘海盘车摄食行为和繁殖生物学的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[19]齐占会,王珺,毛玉泽,等.两种海星对三种双壳贝类的捕食选择性和摄食率[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):4878-4884.
[20]Borst A.Current Biology-Comments on Drosophila's View on Insect Vision[J].Current Biology.
[21]Anders G,Jan B,Ronald P,et al.Hunting in Bioluminescent Light:Vision in the Nocturnal Box Jellyfish Copula sivickisi[J].Frontiers in Physiology,2016,7.
[22]Bos A R,Gumanao G S,Mueller B,et al.Management of crown-of-thorns sea star(Acanthaster planci L.)outbreaks:Removal success depends on reef topography and timing with in the reproduction cycle[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2013,71(1):116-122.
[23]Riveraposada J,Pratchett M S,Aguilar C,et al.Bile salts and the single-shot lethal injection method for killing crown-ofthorns sea stars(Acanthaster planci)[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2014,102:383-390.
[24]Nilsson DE.2004 Eye evolution:a question of genetic promiscurity.Curr.Opin.Neurobiol.14,407-414.(doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.07.004)
[25]Arendt D,Wittbrodt J.Reconstructing the eyes of Urbilateria[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,2001,356(1414):1545-1563.
[26]Penn P E,Alexander C G.Fine structure of the optic cusion in the asteroid Nepanthia belcheri[J].Marine Biology,1980,58(4):251-256.
[27]Ullrich-Luter E M,Dupont S,Arboleda E,et al.Unique system of photoreceptors in sea urchin tube feet[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2011,108(20):8367-8372.
[28]Raible F,Tessmar-Raible K,Arboleda E,et al.Opsins and clusters of sensory G-protein-coupled receptors in the sea urchin genome[J].Developmental Biology,2006,300(1).
[29]Burke RD. A genomic view of the sea urchin nervous system[J].Dev.Biol,2006,300,434-460.
[30]Nilsson D.-E.The evolution of eyes and visually guided behaviour[J].Proc. R. Soc.B,2009,364,2833-2847.(doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0083)