材料三维残余应力测量的新方法
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摘要
提出了一种新的材料残余应力的测量方法。该方法的测量原理是由材料加工后相对体积变化定量的测量,得到其残余应力的定量结果。由此,材料的残余应力将造成体积变化,此体积变化可以由比容的精确测量得到。基于弹性虎克定律从原理上推导了体积变化得出了残余应力的计算公式。在此基础上,应用该新方法对一种Al-Cu合金的残余应力状态进行了定量测量及表征,结果表明:结合传统的表面应力测量方法,再由应力应变关系的弹性虎克定律,可得出材料三维残余应力。该新方法可用于材料三维残余应力的精确测量,为残余应力的研究提供了一种新的精确且定量的分析测量方法。
A new method for measuring three-dimensional residual stress in the materials was proposed. According to measuring principle of the proposed method,the quantitative results of residual stress can be obtained by the quantitative measurement of the relative volume variation of materials after processing. Thus,the volume variation was caused by residual stress,which can be obtained by accurate measuring the specific volume. The equation describing residual stress obtained by the volume variation was derived in principle based on the Hook's law. On this basis,the new method was used to quantitatively measure and characterize the residual stress state in Al-Cu alloy. It is shown that,combining with the traditional method for measuring the surface residual stress,the three-dimensional residual stress in the materials can be obtained from the Hook's law. Therefore,this new method can be applied to accurately measure the three-dimensional residual stress in the materials,which provides a new analysis and measure method of the residual stress.
A new method for measuring three-dimensional residual stress in the materials was proposed. According to measuring principle of the proposed method,the quantitative results of residual stress can be obtained by the quantitative measurement of the relative volume variation of materials after processing. Thus,the volume variation was caused by residual stress,which can be obtained by accurate measuring the specific volume. The equation describing residual stress obtained by the volume variation was derived in principle based on the Hook's law. On this basis,the new method was used to quantitatively measure and characterize the residual stress state in Al-Cu alloy. It is shown that,combining with the traditional method for measuring the surface residual stress,the three-dimensional residual stress in the materials can be obtained from the Hook's law. Therefore,this new method can be applied to accurately measure the three-dimensional residual stress in the materials,which provides a new analysis and measure method of the residual stress.
引文
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[6]蒋刚,谭明华,王伟明,等.残余应力测量方法的研究现状[J].机床与液压,2007,35(6):213-220.JIANG Gang,TAN Minghua,WANG Weiming,et al.Present research status of measuring residual stress[J].Machine Tool and Hydraulics,2007,35(6):213-220.
[7]王庆明,孙渊.残余应力测试技术的进展与动向[J].机电工程,2011,28(1):11-15.WANG Qingming,SUN Yuan.Research development on the test methods of residual stress[J].Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,2011,28(1):11-15.
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[18]叶鸿伟.激光喷丸强化诱导的三维残余应力场分析及其评价[D].苏州:江苏大学,2010.YE Hongwei.Analysis andevaluation of three dimensional residual stress field induced by laser shot peening[D].Suzhou:Jiangsu University,2010.
[19]陈玉安,周上祺,韩宪兵.三维残余应力及深度分布的X射线分析和计算[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(1):40-43.CHEN Yu'an,ZHOU Shangqi,HAN Xianbing.Method to analyze and evaluate the depth profile of the three dimensional residual stresses state with X-ray[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2002,25(1):40-43.
[20]HARTING M A.A seminumerical method to determine the depth profile of the three dimensional residual stress state with X-ray diffraction[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(4):1427-1436.
[21]陈锟,吴新猛,刘克家,等.一种金属材料压力加工产生的残余应力的测量方法:201510672354.5[P].2015-10-16.CHEN Kun,WU Xinmeng,LIU Kejia,et al.A method for measuring metal materials three-dimensional residual stress caused by processing:201510672354.5[P].2015-10-16.
[22]谭森.基于压痕技术和有限元仿真的材料表面残余应力测量[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.TAN Sen.Estimating surface residual stress based on indentation and finite element simulation[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2006.
[23]CHEN K,LIU K J,WEI L Q,et al.Fitting function representation for strain fields and its application to the optimizing process[J].International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2014,21:556-562.
[24]CHEN K,LIU K J,CHEN H F,et al.Function representation for the strain field during the steel forging and its application on the deformation of void defects[J].Steel Research International,2013,84:948-955.
[25]CHEN K,LIU K J,CHEN H F,et al.A criterion for void closure in the porous model during the forging of steel ingot and its application[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,91:303-309.
[26]CHEN K,YANG Y T,SHAO G J,et al.Strain function analysis method for void closure in the forging process of the large-sized steel ingot[J].Computational Materials Science,2012,51:72-77.
[2]刘倩倩,刘兆山,宋森,等.残余应力测量研究现状综述[J].机床与液压,2011,39(11):135-138.LIU Qianqian,LIU Zhaoshan,SONG Sen,et al.Research status of measurement for residual stress[J].Machine Tool and Hydraulics,2011,39(11):135-138.
[3]ROSSININ S,DASSISTI M,BENYOUNIS K Y,et al.Methods of measuring residual stresses in components[J].Materials and Design,2012,35:572-588.
[4]WITHERS P J,BHADESHIA H K.Residual stress part 1-Measurement techniques[J].Materials Science and Technology,2001,17:355-365.
[5]LEGGATT R H,SMITH D J,SMITH S D,et al.Development and experimental validation of the deep hole method for residual stress measurement[J].Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design,1996,31(3):177-186.
[6]蒋刚,谭明华,王伟明,等.残余应力测量方法的研究现状[J].机床与液压,2007,35(6):213-220.JIANG Gang,TAN Minghua,WANG Weiming,et al.Present research status of measuring residual stress[J].Machine Tool and Hydraulics,2007,35(6):213-220.
[7]王庆明,孙渊.残余应力测试技术的进展与动向[J].机电工程,2011,28(1):11-15.WANG Qingming,SUN Yuan.Research development on the test methods of residual stress[J].Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,2011,28(1):11-15.
[8]FINNIC I,CHENG W.Residual stress measurement by the introduction of slots or cracks[J].Localized Damage IV,1996,13:37-41.
[9]ROBINSON J S,TANNER D A,TRUMAN C E,et al.Measurement and prediction of machining induced redistribution of residual stress in the aluminum alloy 7449[J].Experimental Mechanics,2011,51(6):981-993.
[10]LORD J D,GRANT P V,FRY A T,et al.A UK residual stress intercomparison exercise-development of drilling[J].Materials Science Forum,2002,404-407:567-572.
[11]RENDLER N J,VIGNESS I.Hole-drilling strain-gage method of measuring residual stresses[J].Experimental Mechanics,1966,6(12):577-586.
[12]UCHIDA H S,KIGUCHI G Y,TAKANORI S K.Measurement technique for the evaluation of residual stress in epitaxial thin film by asymmetric X-Ray diffraction[J].Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan,1999,107(1247):606~610.
[13]HAYASHI T,MAKOTO S,OHKIDO M.Development of residual stress measurement apparatus by neutron diffraction and its application to bent carbon steel[J].Journal of the Society of Materials Science,1998,47(4):420-426.
[14]YAMASAKI T,TOMOHIRO S,YAMAMOTO M.Nondestructive residual stress measurement in steel using stress dependence of magnetostriction[J].Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1997,63(611):1489-1494.
[15]SCHRAMM A E,RARMOND E,SZELAZEK J.Ultrasonic measurement of residual stress in the rims of inductively heated railroad wheels[J].Materials Evaluation,1996,54(8):929-934.
[16]马昌训,吴运新,郭俊康.X射线衍射法测量铝合金残余应力及误差分析[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(24):5-8.MA Changxun,WU Yunxin,GUO Junkang.Residual stress in aluminum alloy measured by X-ray diffraction and error analysis[J].Hot Working Technology,2010,39(24):5-8.
[17]刘金艳.X射线残余应力的测量技术与应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2009.LIU Jinyan.Residual stress measurement technology by X-ray and the applied research[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2009.
[18]叶鸿伟.激光喷丸强化诱导的三维残余应力场分析及其评价[D].苏州:江苏大学,2010.YE Hongwei.Analysis andevaluation of three dimensional residual stress field induced by laser shot peening[D].Suzhou:Jiangsu University,2010.
[19]陈玉安,周上祺,韩宪兵.三维残余应力及深度分布的X射线分析和计算[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(1):40-43.CHEN Yu'an,ZHOU Shangqi,HAN Xianbing.Method to analyze and evaluate the depth profile of the three dimensional residual stresses state with X-ray[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2002,25(1):40-43.
[20]HARTING M A.A seminumerical method to determine the depth profile of the three dimensional residual stress state with X-ray diffraction[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(4):1427-1436.
[21]陈锟,吴新猛,刘克家,等.一种金属材料压力加工产生的残余应力的测量方法:201510672354.5[P].2015-10-16.CHEN Kun,WU Xinmeng,LIU Kejia,et al.A method for measuring metal materials three-dimensional residual stress caused by processing:201510672354.5[P].2015-10-16.
[22]谭森.基于压痕技术和有限元仿真的材料表面残余应力测量[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.TAN Sen.Estimating surface residual stress based on indentation and finite element simulation[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2006.
[23]CHEN K,LIU K J,WEI L Q,et al.Fitting function representation for strain fields and its application to the optimizing process[J].International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2014,21:556-562.
[24]CHEN K,LIU K J,CHEN H F,et al.Function representation for the strain field during the steel forging and its application on the deformation of void defects[J].Steel Research International,2013,84:948-955.
[25]CHEN K,LIU K J,CHEN H F,et al.A criterion for void closure in the porous model during the forging of steel ingot and its application[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,91:303-309.
[26]CHEN K,YANG Y T,SHAO G J,et al.Strain function analysis method for void closure in the forging process of the large-sized steel ingot[J].Computational Materials Science,2012,51:72-77.