人工湖对沽源退化草地土壤碳、氮、磷的时空影响
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摘要
在退化草地上建造人工湖泊,可以使人工湖泊与毗邻退化草地形成近湿地生态系统,从而可能改善毗邻退化草地的生态环境,积极影响退化草地土壤中养分的流动,加快退化草地的修复。本研究分析了人为建造人工湖泊后3年内(2014年、2015年、2016年)湖泊毗邻的退化草地土壤碳氮磷在离湖距离(10m、60m、100m、150m、250m、600m)上的时空动态变化。结果如下:距离上,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷在上层土壤(0~10cm和10~20cm)中与距离有显著(P<0.05)的线性关系,呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明在建湖3年这个短时期内,土壤养分(有机碳、全氮、全磷)形成了一个近湖效应,即靠近湖的养分含量高。年际间,自建湖后土壤全磷随着年数的增加在各个土层均显著降低。土壤养分(有机碳、全氮、全磷)在建湖初期2014年在距离上特异性较大,经过建湖3年后,2016年时在距离上的特异性减弱。这些结果表明,人工湖影响毗邻退化草地土壤中养分流动,尤其在距离上有显著的影响并表现出一定的规律性。建湖对毗邻退化草地的养分产生一定的影响,表明人工湖对放牧草地产生一定的积极效应。
The construction of artificial lakes on degraded grasslands can form adjacent wetland ecosystems with surrounded grasslands,which could improve the ecological environment of adjacent grasslands,positively affect the nutrients flux in degraded grassland soil,and accelerate the restoration of degraded grasslands.The temporal and spatial dynamics of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus at different distances(10 m,60 m,100 m,150 m,250 m,600 m)from the lake at 2014,2015 and 2016(first three years after the construction of artificial lakes)were analyzed.The results were as follows:when compared among the distances,there is a significant(P<0.05)linear relationship between soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the upper soils(0~10 cm and 10~20 cm).It shows a tendency to decrease gradually with the increase of distance from the lake.It shows that in the short period of 3 years,soil nutrients(organic carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus)formed a"near-lake effect".Thus is,the nutrient content near the lake is higher.When compared among years,soil total phosphorus decreased significantly in all soil layers with the increase of years.The distinctness of soil nutrients among distances was very significant at the initial construction stage(2014)of the lake,but this difference became weak after three years.These results indicated that the artificial lake affected the soil nutrients flux of adjacent degraded grassland,especially reflecting in the distance,which showed certain regularity among distances.Theeffect of artificial lake on the nutrients of the adjacent degraded grassland indicates that the artificial lake has certain positive effects on grazing grassland.
The construction of artificial lakes on degraded grasslands can form adjacent wetland ecosystems with surrounded grasslands,which could improve the ecological environment of adjacent grasslands,positively affect the nutrients flux in degraded grassland soil,and accelerate the restoration of degraded grasslands.The temporal and spatial dynamics of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus at different distances(10 m,60 m,100 m,150 m,250 m,600 m)from the lake at 2014,2015 and 2016(first three years after the construction of artificial lakes)were analyzed.The results were as follows:when compared among the distances,there is a significant(P<0.05)linear relationship between soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the upper soils(0~10 cm and 10~20 cm).It shows a tendency to decrease gradually with the increase of distance from the lake.It shows that in the short period of 3 years,soil nutrients(organic carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus)formed a"near-lake effect".Thus is,the nutrient content near the lake is higher.When compared among years,soil total phosphorus decreased significantly in all soil layers with the increase of years.The distinctness of soil nutrients among distances was very significant at the initial construction stage(2014)of the lake,but this difference became weak after three years.These results indicated that the artificial lake affected the soil nutrients flux of adjacent degraded grassland,especially reflecting in the distance,which showed certain regularity among distances.Theeffect of artificial lake on the nutrients of the adjacent degraded grassland indicates that the artificial lake has certain positive effects on grazing grassland.
引文
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[15]刘萍萍,高原,吕卢凯,等.红碱淖流域不同土地覆盖类型土壤理化性质特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015(09):7-12
[16]Zmihorski M,Part T,Gustafson T,et al.Effects of water level and grassland management on alpha and beta diversity of birds in restored wetlands[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,53(2):587-595
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[19]王丹,吕瑜良,徐丽,等.水分和温度对若尔盖湿地和草甸土壤碳矿化的影响[J].生态学报,2013(20):6436-6443
[20]张晓建,李兆君,何俊瑜,等.土壤水分对玉米根际磷素组分的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011(02):654-657
[21]刘萍萍,高原,吕卢凯,等.红碱淖流域不同土地覆盖类型土壤理化性质特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015(09):7-12
[22]Qin Y,Xin Z,Wang D.Comparison of top soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in different flood-risk riparian zones in a Chinese Karst area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75
[23]路远,张万祥,孙榕江,等.天祝高寒草甸土壤容重与孔隙度时空变化研究[J].草原与草坪,2009(03):48-51
[24]刘文静,张平究,董国政,等.不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤磷素组分特征变化[J].生态学报,2014(10):2654-2662
[25]Su Y Z,Li Y L,Zhao H L.Soil properties and their spatial pattern in a degraded sandy grassland under post-grazing restoration,inner Mongolia,northern China[J].Biogeochemistry,2006,79(3):297-314
[26]于成德.中国北方半干旱草原土壤微生物对全球变化的响应[D].开封:河南大学,2016:84-89
[2]刘洪来,鲁为华,陈超.草地退化演替过程及诊断研究进展[J].草地学报,2011,19(05):865-871
[3]Mueller-Stoever D,Hauggaard-Nielsen H,Eriksen J,et al.Microbial biomass,microbial diversity,soil carbon storage,and stability after incubation of soil from grass-clover pastures of different age[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(4):371-383
[4]Marini L,Scotton M,Klimek S,et al.Effects of local factors on plant species richness and composition of Alpine meadows[J].Agericulture ecosystems&environment,2007,119(3-4):281-288
[5]Burkart S E,Leon R J C,Conde M C,et al.Plant species diversity in remnant grasslands on arable soils in the cropping Pampa[J].Plant ecology,2011,212(6):1009-1024
[6]Biederbeck V O,Janzen H H,Campbell C A,et al.Lablle soil organic-matter as influenced by cropping practices in an arid environment[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1994,26(12):1647-1656
[7]马莉,张娜.草地退化的研究进展[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2014(04):23-25
[8]马志广,赛音巴图.松土改良草原的研究[J].中国草原,1982(02):31-34
[9]刘庆德.河北张家口坝上草原草场退化的原因及防治对策[J].安徽农业科学,2010(15):8037-8038
[10]Li Y,Dong S,Wen L,et al.Soil carbon and nitrogen pools and their relationship to plant and soil dynamics of degraded and artificially restored grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Geoderma,2014,213:178-184
[11]张文军,张英俊,孙娟娟,等.退化羊草草原改良研究进展[J].草地学报,2012(04):603-608
[12]Liu G,Tian K,Sun J,et al.Evaluating the effects of wetland restoration at the watershed scale in Northwest Yunnan Plateau,China[J].Wetlands,2016,36(1):169-183
[13]Peralta R M,Ahn C,Gillevet P M.Characterization of soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties in created and natural wetlands[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,443:725-732
[14]赵慧,刘伟龙,王小丹,等.不同水分条件下藏北盐化沼泽湿地土壤碳氮的分布[J].山地学报,2014,32(4):431-437
[15]刘萍萍,高原,吕卢凯,等.红碱淖流域不同土地覆盖类型土壤理化性质特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015(09):7-12
[16]Zmihorski M,Part T,Gustafson T,et al.Effects of water level and grassland management on alpha and beta diversity of birds in restored wetlands[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,53(2):587-595
[17]陈静,李玉霖,冯静,等.温度和水分对科尔沁沙质草地土壤氮矿化的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016(01):103-110
[18]柳维扬,高艳红,王家强,等.水分因素对绿洲荒漠过渡带土壤氮矿化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015(05):89-94
[19]王丹,吕瑜良,徐丽,等.水分和温度对若尔盖湿地和草甸土壤碳矿化的影响[J].生态学报,2013(20):6436-6443
[20]张晓建,李兆君,何俊瑜,等.土壤水分对玉米根际磷素组分的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011(02):654-657
[21]刘萍萍,高原,吕卢凯,等.红碱淖流域不同土地覆盖类型土壤理化性质特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015(09):7-12
[22]Qin Y,Xin Z,Wang D.Comparison of top soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in different flood-risk riparian zones in a Chinese Karst area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75
[23]路远,张万祥,孙榕江,等.天祝高寒草甸土壤容重与孔隙度时空变化研究[J].草原与草坪,2009(03):48-51
[24]刘文静,张平究,董国政,等.不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤磷素组分特征变化[J].生态学报,2014(10):2654-2662
[25]Su Y Z,Li Y L,Zhao H L.Soil properties and their spatial pattern in a degraded sandy grassland under post-grazing restoration,inner Mongolia,northern China[J].Biogeochemistry,2006,79(3):297-314
[26]于成德.中国北方半干旱草原土壤微生物对全球变化的响应[D].开封:河南大学,2016:84-89