人工湖对毗邻放牧草地土壤理化性质和植物特征的短期影响
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摘要
试验以人工湖泊毗邻的放牧草地为研究对象,测定人工湖对放牧草地土壤理化性质和植被特征的影响,为放牧草地的改良提供一定的科学基础和理论依据。3年的研究结果表明:随着湖距的增加,土壤含水量、土壤pH值呈降低趋势,土壤电导率(EC)值呈现增加趋势。其中土壤含水量、土壤电导率在0～10cm土层最高,并随土层加深逐渐降低;pH在不同土层间无明显差异。在建湖3年后,距湖区较远的表层土壤含水量高于相同距离下建湖初期的。距湖越近,植被生长状况越好,其生物量、盖度、多样性均有所增加。
Lake,an important resources in wetland ecosystem,can not only provide water also improve the soil physical-chemical properties and sustain the diversity.We evaluated the effects of artificial lake on the soil and vegetation characteristics of grazing grassland.The results of three years' study showed that with the increase of lake distance,soil water content and soil pH value decreased;soil electrical conductivity(EC)value increased.Among them,soil moisture content and soil electrical conductivity were the highest in 0～10 cm soil layer,and gradually decreased with the deepening of soil layer;pH value had no significant difference between different soil layers.After three years,the water content of surface soil is higher than that in the first year of the experiment in far from lake area.The nearer to the lake,the better the vegetation condition is,and the biomass,coverage and diversity of plants increased.We suggest that artificial lake has positive effect on the adjacent grazing grassland.
Lake,an important resources in wetland ecosystem,can not only provide water also improve the soil physical-chemical properties and sustain the diversity.We evaluated the effects of artificial lake on the soil and vegetation characteristics of grazing grassland.The results of three years' study showed that with the increase of lake distance,soil water content and soil pH value decreased;soil electrical conductivity(EC)value increased.Among them,soil moisture content and soil electrical conductivity were the highest in 0～10 cm soil layer,and gradually decreased with the deepening of soil layer;pH value had no significant difference between different soil layers.After three years,the water content of surface soil is higher than that in the first year of the experiment in far from lake area.The nearer to the lake,the better the vegetation condition is,and the biomass,coverage and diversity of plants increased.We suggest that artificial lake has positive effect on the adjacent grazing grassland.
引文
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[19]李保国,李韵珠,石元春.水盐运动研究30年(1973-2003)[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,49(S1):5-19.
[20]袁巧霞,朱端卫,武雅娟.温度、水分和施氮量对温室土壤pH及电导率的耦合作用[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1112-1117.
[21]李亮,史海滨,贾锦凤,等.内蒙古河套灌区荒地水盐运移规律模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):31-35.
[22] Liu G,Tian K,Sun J,et al.Evaluating the Effects of Wetland Restoration at the Watershed Scale in Northwest Yunnan Plateau,China[J].WETLANDS,2016,36(1):169-183.
[23]苟小林,涂卫国,李玲,等.川西北地区沙化草地特征研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):768-775.
[24]郑明喜,解伏菊,侯传美.黄河三角洲退化湿地植被与土壤的恢复研究[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(1):11-16.
[2]张风承,史印涛,李洪影,等.放牧强度对土壤物理性状和速效养分的影响[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(1):5-10.
[3] Li F,Bai Y,Wan H,et al.Quantifying Grazing Intensity in China Using High Temporal Resolution MODIS Data[J].IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING,2017,10(2):515-523.
[4]史印涛,关宇,张丞宇,等.放牧强度对小叶章草甸土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(2):83-88.
[5]锡林图雅,徐柱,郑阳.不同放牧率对内蒙古草地土壤理化性质的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2009(6):17-21.
[6]王若水,康跃虎,万书勤,等.水分调控对盐碱地土壤盐分与养分含量及分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):96-104.
[7]贾小旭.典型黄土区土壤水分布及其对草地生态系统碳过程的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[8]胡红青,刘华良,贺纪正.几种有机酸对恒电荷和可变电荷土壤吸附Cu2+的影响[J].土壤学报,2005(2):232-237.
[9]林义成,丁能飞,傅庆林,等.土壤溶液电导率的测定及其相关因素的分析[J].浙江农业学报,2005(2):83-86.
[10]李江,胡雪娇,石佳,等.湿地研究现状及保护管理[J].生物学通报,2015,50(12):1-5.
[11] Liu G,Tian K,Sun J,et al.Evaluating the Effects of Wetland Restoration at the Watershed Scale in Northwest Yunnan Plateau,China[J].WETLANDS,2016,36(1):169-183.
[12]尹勤瑞.盐碱化对土壤物理及水动力学性质的影响[D].西北农林科技大学,2011.
[13]刘亚军.不同放牧强度对坝上草地植被和土壤理化性质的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2009.
[14]侯扶江,常生华,于应文,等.放牧家畜的践踏作用研究评述[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):784-789.
[15]王兴,宋乃平,杨新国,等.家畜排泄物归还对天然灌丛草地土壤-植被影响的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(08):127-131.
[16]李亮,史海滨,贾锦凤,等.内蒙古河套灌区荒地水盐运移规律模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):31-35.
[17] Ma M,Baskin C C,Yu K,et al.Wetland drying indirectly influences plant community and seed bank diversity through soil pH[J].ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS,2017,80:186-195.
[18] Ducey T F,Miller J O,Lang M W,et al.Soil Physicochemical Conditions,Denitrification Rates,and Abundance in North Carolina Coastal Plain Restored Wetlands[J].JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY,2015,44(3):1011-1022.
[19]李保国,李韵珠,石元春.水盐运动研究30年(1973-2003)[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,49(S1):5-19.
[20]袁巧霞,朱端卫,武雅娟.温度、水分和施氮量对温室土壤pH及电导率的耦合作用[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1112-1117.
[21]李亮,史海滨,贾锦凤,等.内蒙古河套灌区荒地水盐运移规律模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):31-35.
[22] Liu G,Tian K,Sun J,et al.Evaluating the Effects of Wetland Restoration at the Watershed Scale in Northwest Yunnan Plateau,China[J].WETLANDS,2016,36(1):169-183.
[23]苟小林,涂卫国,李玲,等.川西北地区沙化草地特征研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):768-775.
[24]郑明喜,解伏菊,侯传美.黄河三角洲退化湿地植被与土壤的恢复研究[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(1):11-16.