女子7人制橄榄球比赛运动负荷特征研究
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摘要
目的:探究我国女子7人制橄榄球比赛的运动负荷特征。方法:采用EKF血乳酸仪和日立7100生化分析仪分别对安徽省12名优秀女子7人制橄榄球运动员比赛后血乳酸、赛后次日晨血清肌酸激酶和血尿素数据进行统计与分析。结果:每场次比赛运动员平均血乳酸浓度上半场为10.28±2.42mmol/L,下半场为12.46±3.81mmol/L,与乳酸阈值4mmol/L相比,升高幅度明显,且后锋运动员显著高于前锋;赛后次日晨运动员血清肌酸激酶浓度为531.4±198.7U,血尿素浓度为6.69±1.5mmol/L,和基础值相比,肌酸激酶浓度升高4倍以上,血尿素浓度增加50%以上;女子7人制橄榄球比赛中机体代谢是在有氧无氧混合供能前提下,以糖酵解供能为主。结论:7人制女子橄榄球运动员赛后的血乳酸浓度高于15人制运动员,且不同位置运动员血乳酸浓度有明显差异;运用血乳酸、肌酸激酶和尿素浓度增幅可以准确评定女子7人制橄榄球运动负荷大小。
Purpose: To understand the characteristics of exercise load in the women's rugby 7 s. Methods: The analyses of BLA、CK and Blood Urea(EKF and Hitachi 7100 biochemical analyzer)were performed on data of 12 elite women rugby players during the championships in China. Results: We found that the average blood lactate level in each game was 10.28±2.42 mmol/L in the first half and 12.46±3.81 mmol/L in the second half. The number of creatine kinase was 531.4±198.7 U and the blood urea was 6.69±1.5 mmol/L in the next morning after the competition. The level of creatine kinase can be increased by more than 4 times, and the blood urea level is increased by more than 50%. Metabolism is premised on aerobic and anaerobic mixed energy supply in elite athletes of rugby 7-women matches. With glycolysis as the main energy supply, the blood lactic acid concentration of athletes is higher than that of rugby 15 s players after matches, and there are obvious differences in the blood lactic acid concentration of athletes in different positions. So, using the increase of blood lactic acid, creatine kinase and blood urea, exercise load can be accurately assessed in women's rugby 7 s.
Purpose: To understand the characteristics of exercise load in the women's rugby 7 s. Methods: The analyses of BLA、CK and Blood Urea(EKF and Hitachi 7100 biochemical analyzer)were performed on data of 12 elite women rugby players during the championships in China. Results: We found that the average blood lactate level in each game was 10.28±2.42 mmol/L in the first half and 12.46±3.81 mmol/L in the second half. The number of creatine kinase was 531.4±198.7 U and the blood urea was 6.69±1.5 mmol/L in the next morning after the competition. The level of creatine kinase can be increased by more than 4 times, and the blood urea level is increased by more than 50%. Metabolism is premised on aerobic and anaerobic mixed energy supply in elite athletes of rugby 7-women matches. With glycolysis as the main energy supply, the blood lactic acid concentration of athletes is higher than that of rugby 15 s players after matches, and there are obvious differences in the blood lactic acid concentration of athletes in different positions. So, using the increase of blood lactic acid, creatine kinase and blood urea, exercise load can be accurately assessed in women's rugby 7 s.
引文
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[17] 韩炜,赵亮,郑念军.七人制橄榄球运动员的形态学、生理学和比赛跑动能力特征研究进展[J].体育科学,2018(10):67-78.
[18] SUAREZ-ARRONES L J,NUNEZ F J,PORTILLO J,et al.Match running performance and exercise intensity in elite female rugby sevens[J].J Strength Cond Res,2012,26(7):1858-1862.
[19] 王福文,赵敬国,王燕,等.力竭性运动后大鼠血清CK、CK-MB活性和心肌组织形态学的动态改变[J].中国应用生理学杂志,2011(1):52-55.
[20] West DJ,Finn C,Cunningham DJ,Shearer DA,Jones MR,Harrington B,Crewther BT,Cook CJ,Kilduff LP.Neuromuscular function,hormonal,and mood responses to a professional rugby union match.J Strength Cond Res.2014,28(1):194-200.
[21] Clarkson PM,Hubal MJ.Are women less susceptible to exercise-induced muscle damage?CurrOpinClinNutrMetab Care.2001,4(6):527-531.
[22] 冯连世,张漓.优秀运动员训练中的生理生化监控实用指南[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2007.
[2] Sua?rez-Arrones LJ,Nun?ez FJ,Portillo J,et al.Running demandsand heart rate responses in men Rugby Sevens.J Strength CondRes.2012,26(11):3155-3159.
[3] Higham DG,Pyne DB,Anson JM,et al.Movement patterns in rugby sevens:effects of tournament level,fatigue and substituteplayers.J Sci Med Sport.2012,15(3):277-278.
[4] Rienzi E,Reilly T,Malkin C.Investigation of anthropometric and work-rate pro?les of Rugby Sevens players.J Sports Med PhysFit
[5] van Rooyen MK,Lombard C,Noakes TD.Playing demands ofsevens rugby during the 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens Tour-nament.Int J Perform Anal Sport.2008,8(2):114-123.
[6] Elloumi M,Makni E,Moalla W,et al.Monitoring training loadand fatigue in rugby sevens players.Asian J Sports Med.2012,3(3):175-184.
[7] Higham DG,Pyne DB,Anson JM,et al.Physiological,anthro-pometric,and performance characteristics of rugby sevens play-ers.Int J Sports Physiol Perform.2013,8(1):19-27.
[8] Lopez V,Galano GJ,Black CM,et al.Pro?le of an Americanamateur rugby union sevens series.Am J Sports Med.2012,40(1):179-184.
[9] Fuller CW,Taylor A,Molloy MG.Epidemiological study ofinjuries in international rugby sevens.Clin J Sport Med.2010,20(3):179.
[10] Takahashi I,Umeda T,Mashiko T,et al.Effects of rugby sevensmatches on human neutrophil-related non-speci?c immunity.Br JSport Med.2006,41(1):13-18.
[11] 赵亮.我国优秀女子7人制橄榄球运动员比赛跑动能力研究[J].体育科学,2017,37(4):48-53.
[12] Deutsch M U,Maw G J,Jenkins D,et al.Heart rate,blood lactate and kinematic data of elite colts (under-19) rugby union players during competition[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,1998,16(6):561-570.
[13] 袁青.血清肌酸激酶的运动训练负荷监控作用研究述评[J].体育学刊,2007,14(6).
[14] 张永梁,最新运动员生理生化监控与机能评定标准实务全书[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2016:660-662.
[15] 郭子渊,冯连世.应用血乳酸对拳击不同训练手段的综合评价[J].中国体育科技,2011,47(1):117-120.
[16] 朱那,汤强,朱卫红.竞技体育中运动负荷计算方法研究进展[J].体育与科学,2013(6):49-55.
[17] 韩炜,赵亮,郑念军.七人制橄榄球运动员的形态学、生理学和比赛跑动能力特征研究进展[J].体育科学,2018(10):67-78.
[18] SUAREZ-ARRONES L J,NUNEZ F J,PORTILLO J,et al.Match running performance and exercise intensity in elite female rugby sevens[J].J Strength Cond Res,2012,26(7):1858-1862.
[19] 王福文,赵敬国,王燕,等.力竭性运动后大鼠血清CK、CK-MB活性和心肌组织形态学的动态改变[J].中国应用生理学杂志,2011(1):52-55.
[20] West DJ,Finn C,Cunningham DJ,Shearer DA,Jones MR,Harrington B,Crewther BT,Cook CJ,Kilduff LP.Neuromuscular function,hormonal,and mood responses to a professional rugby union match.J Strength Cond Res.2014,28(1):194-200.
[21] Clarkson PM,Hubal MJ.Are women less susceptible to exercise-induced muscle damage?CurrOpinClinNutrMetab Care.2001,4(6):527-531.
[22] 冯连世,张漓.优秀运动员训练中的生理生化监控实用指南[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2007.