《礼拜五》的游戏——图尼埃的主体批判
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摘要
法国作家米歇尔·图尼埃青睐鲁滨逊这个现代神话,在小说处女作《礼拜五》中,他戏仿神话中的理性复制,将荒岛变成他的游戏场,向启蒙的现代主体发问。图尼埃的主体"实验"以一场爆炸为分水岭,分为复制时期和游戏时期两个泾渭分明的阶段。从理性复制到礼拜五和鲁滨孙的游戏,图尼埃直入启蒙现代性体系的主体观的中心,围绕这个封闭的逻各斯中心的压迫性结构展开解构的自由游戏,引发了对于"什么是理想的主体"和"如何建构理想的主体"等一众问题的思考。
Friday is Michel Tournier's re-vision or re-writing of the modern myth of Robinson Crusoe. Through a comprehensive re-enactment of the rational reproduction in the original myth, Tournier turns the desert island into a field for play, in which he re-examines and problematizes the Enlightenment assumption of reason-first and reason-only subject. The re-enactment may be divided into two distinct stages: reproduction and play. As it proceeds, Tournier freeplays with the center of the logocentric repressive structure, and thus intriguing a reconsideration of the issue of ideal subjectivity.
Friday is Michel Tournier's re-vision or re-writing of the modern myth of Robinson Crusoe. Through a comprehensive re-enactment of the rational reproduction in the original myth, Tournier turns the desert island into a field for play, in which he re-examines and problematizes the Enlightenment assumption of reason-first and reason-only subject. The re-enactment may be divided into two distinct stages: reproduction and play. As it proceeds, Tournier freeplays with the center of the logocentric repressive structure, and thus intriguing a reconsideration of the issue of ideal subjectivity.
引文
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Bauman,Zygmunt.Liquid Modernity.Cambridge:Polity,2006.
Calder,Martin.Encounters with the Other:A Journey to the Limits of Language through Works by Rousseau,Defoe,Prevost,and Graffigny.New York:Rodopi,2003.
Derrida,Jacques.The Ear of the Other.Trans.Peggy Kamuf.New York:Schocken,1985.
-.Positions.Trans.Alan Bass.Chicago:U of Chicago P,1981.
-.Speech and Phenomenon:And Other Essays on Husserl’s Theory of Signs.Trans.David B.Allison andNewton Garver.Evanston:Northwestern UP,1973.
Dostoevsky,Fyodor.Notes from Underground.Trans.Michael R.Katz.New York:Norton,2001.
Fornasiero,F.J.The Education of Robinson Crusoe:A Study of Vendredi ou La Vie Sauvage by Michel Tournier.N.p.:Macquarie University,School of Modern Language,1990.
Grimes,William.“Michel Tournier,French Novelist Who Fused Myth and Philosophy,Dies at 91.”New York Times 20 Jan.2016.Web.12 May 2017.
Mumford,Lewis.Technics and Civilization.New York:Harcourt,1934.
Schiller,Friedrich.On the Aesthetic Education of Man:In a Series of Letters.Trans.Elizabeth M.Wilkinson and L.A.Willoughby.Oxford:Oxford UP,1982.
Taylor,Mark C.“Decartes,Nietzsche and the Search for the Unsayable.”New York Times 1 Feb.1987.Web.14Sept.2017.
Tournier,Michel.“Talking Shop:Michel Tournier in Interview with Michael Worton.”Michel Tournier.Ed.Michael Worton.New York:Longman,1995.191-99.
-.The Wind Spirit:An Autobiography.Trans.Arthur Goldhammer.Boston:Beacon,1988.
Watt,Ian.“Robinson Crusoe as a Myth.”Robinson Crusoe.Ed.Michael Shinagel.New York:Norton,1994.288-306.
阿伦特:《人的境况》,王寅丽译。上海:上海人民出版社,2009。[Arendt,Hannah.The Human Condition.Trans.Wang Yinli.Shanghai:Shanghai People’s,2009.]
本雅明:《巴黎,19世纪的首都》,刘北城译。北京:商务印书馆,2015。[Benjamin,Walter.Paris,the Capital of the 19th Century.Trans.Liu Beicheng.Beijing:Commercial,2015.]
伯曼:《一切坚固的东西都烟消云散了--现代性体验》,徐大建、张辑译。北京:商务印书馆,2003。[Berman,Marshall.All That Is Solid Melts into the Air.Trans.Xu Dajian and Zhang Ji.Beijing:Commercial,2003.]
赫伊津哈:《游戏的人--文化的游戏要素研究》,傅存良译。北京:北京大学出版社,2014。[Huizinga,Johan.Homo Ludens:A Study of the Play-Element in Culture.Trans.Fu Cunliang.Beijing:Peking UP,2014.]
利奥塔:《非人--时间漫谈》,罗国祥译。北京:商务印书馆,2000。[Lyotard,Jean-Francois.The Inhuman:Reflections on Time.Trans.Luo Guoxiang.Beijing:Commercial,2000.]
图尼埃:《礼拜五--太平洋上的灵薄狱》,王道乾译。上海:上海译文出版社,1997。[Tournier,Michel.Vendredi ou les Limbes du Pacific.Trans.Wang Daoqian.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,1997.]