基于FLUENT的森林防火小型无人机的机身仿真优化研究
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摘要
为优化设计森林防火小型无人机的机身,降低机身质量,减少空气阻力,以双尾撑固定翼无人机为基础,利用Solid Works建立机身模型进行结构设计,并利用ANSYS-FLUENT对机身进行数值模拟。采用ANSYS ICEM CFD网格生成器生成PRISM网格结构进行网格划分,对机身进行气动分析。通过FLUENT仿真对设计进行改进,分析改进前后的流体场、阻力和质量差异。结果表明:可以采用ANSYS-FLUENT软件对森林防火小型无人机机身进行气动外形优化。机身的气动外形优化对减少阻力有明显的影响,改进后机身所受空气阻力减少了45.9%,机身质量减轻了27.8%。
Based on the double tail fin and fixed wing UAV,the structure model of the fuselage was designed by using the Solid Works. In order to optimize the design of small UAV fuselage and reduce the body mass and air resistance for better application in the forest fire prevention,we used ANSYS-FLUENT to simulate the fuselage. The grid structure was generated by ICEM CFD ANSYS mesh generator to generate the PRISM mesh. The fuselage aerodynamic analysis was carried out. By FLUENT software simulation,we improved the design,and analyzed the difference of the fluid field,resistance and weight before and after improvement. Results showed that the optimization of fuselage aerodynamic shape had significant effect in reducing drag. The air resistance of improved fuselage was decreased by 45. 9%,and the fuselage quality was reduced by 27. 8%. Our research adds a new chapter in the field of fuselage optimization,and provides guidance for aerodynamic optimization.
Based on the double tail fin and fixed wing UAV,the structure model of the fuselage was designed by using the Solid Works. In order to optimize the design of small UAV fuselage and reduce the body mass and air resistance for better application in the forest fire prevention,we used ANSYS-FLUENT to simulate the fuselage. The grid structure was generated by ICEM CFD ANSYS mesh generator to generate the PRISM mesh. The fuselage aerodynamic analysis was carried out. By FLUENT software simulation,we improved the design,and analyzed the difference of the fluid field,resistance and weight before and after improvement. Results showed that the optimization of fuselage aerodynamic shape had significant effect in reducing drag. The air resistance of improved fuselage was decreased by 45. 9%,and the fuselage quality was reduced by 27. 8%. Our research adds a new chapter in the field of fuselage optimization,and provides guidance for aerodynamic optimization.
引文
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[17]王世安,尹贵鲁.CFD在飞机设计中的应用[J].航空科学技术,2002(6):33--36.WANG S A,YI G L.The application of CFD in aircraft design[J].Aeronautical Science&Technology,2002(6):33--36.
[2]谷宁,冯仲科,罗旭.基于无人飞行器航测建立数字高程模型研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(增刊2):152-155.GU N,FENG Z K,LUO X.Digital elevation model based on aerial UAV image[J].Journal of Beijing Forest University,2007,29(Suppl.2):152-155.
[3]南海涛.森林火灾动态监测预警技术方案的研究[J].森林工程,2012,28(6):57-61.NAN H T.The research of forest fire dynamic monitoring and early warning technology[J].Forest Engineering,2012,28(6):57-61.
[4]CASBEER D W,LI S,BEARD R W,et al.Forest fire monitoring with multiple small UAVs[C]//2005 American Control Conference.Portland,OR:IEEE,2005:3530--3535.,
[5]雍明培,余雄庆.飞机族的机翼气动外形优化方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40(4):475--479.YONG M P,YU X Q.Wing aerodynamic optimization method for aircraft family design[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2008,40(4):475--479.
[6]陈学孔,郭正,易凡,等.低雷诺数翼型的气动外形优化设计[J].空气动力学学报,2014,32(3):300-307.CHEN X K,GUO Z,YI F,et al.Aerodynamic shape optimization and design of airfoils with low Reynolds number[J].ACTTA Aerodynamic Sinica,2014,32(3):300-307.
[7]KONTOGIANNIS S G,EKATERINARIS J A.Design,performance evaluation and optimization of a UAV[J].Aerospace Science and Technology,2013,29(1):339-350.
[8]ALAM J,MAMUN M,ALI T A,et al.Investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of an aerofoil shaped fuselage UAV model[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,90:225-231
[9]孟令兵,昂海松,肖天航.基于CFD/CSD方法的蜻蜓柔性翼气动特性分析[J].航空动力学报,2014,29(9):2063-2069.MENG L B,ANG H S,XIAO T H.Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing of dragonfly based on CFD/CSD method[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2014,29(9):2063-2069.
[10]温殿忠,温泉,陈国智.小型航空压气机CFD设计系统[J].工程热物理学报,2000,21(1):38--41.WEN D Z,WEN Q,CHEN G Z.A CFD design system for small flow axial compressors[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2000,21(1):38-41.
[11]阎超,张立新,李亭鹤,等.界面化、自动化的战术导弹CFD系统平台[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2003,29(5):424--427.YAN C,ZHANG L X,LI T H,et al.Graphic and automatic tactical missile CFD systemic platform[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2003,29(5):424-427.
[12]FU W J,LI J,WANG H J.Numerical simulation of propeller slipstream effect on a propeller-driven unmanned aerial vehicle[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,31(4):150-155
[13]刘斌,马晓平,王和平,等.小型电动无人机总体参数设计方法研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2005,23(3):396-400.LIU B,MA X P,WANG H P,et al.Design analysis methodology for electric powered mini UAV[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2005,23(3):396-400.
[14]FRULLA G,CESTINO E.Design,manufacturing and testing of a HALE-UAV structural demonstrator[J].Composite Structures,2008,83(2):143-153
[15]孙金标,刘千刚.飞机气动外形的优化设计[J].空气动力学学报,1995,13(1):89-91.SUN J B,LIU Q G.Optimal design for aerodynamic configuration of aircraft[J].ACTTA Aerodynamic Sinica,1995,13(1):89--91.
[16]李高明.ANSYS13.0流体分析技术及应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012:9--12.LI G M.ANSYS13.0 Fluid analysis technology and application examples[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2012:9--12.
[17]王世安,尹贵鲁.CFD在飞机设计中的应用[J].航空科学技术,2002(6):33--36.WANG S A,YI G L.The application of CFD in aircraft design[J].Aeronautical Science&Technology,2002(6):33--36.