地铁工作人员抑郁现状及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的对W市地铁2号线工作人员的抑郁症状现状及其影响因素进行分析,为预防和控制地铁职业人群心理问题提供科学依据。方法使用横断面流行病学调查方法对研究对象社会人口学特征、工作环境特征、个体行为方式进行调查,利用抑郁自评量表(SDS量表)对抑郁症状进行评价。多因素logistic回归分析抑郁症状的相关影响因素。结果本次调查地铁工作人员1 152例,抑郁症状检出率为66. 4%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,影响地铁工作人员抑郁的保护因素包括个人月均收入高(OR=0. 676,95%CI:0. 478~0. 956)、运动(OR=0. 699,95%CI:0. 515~0. 948)、睡眠时间适中(OR=0. 731,95%CI:0. 568~0. 941)和睡眠状况好(OR=0. 539,95%CI:0. 408~0. 713);危险因素包括女性(OR=1. 538,95%CI:1. 127~2. 099)、年龄增加(OR=1. 020,95%CI:1. 000~1. 040)、上夜班(OR=1. 757,95%CI:1. 238~2. 492)。结论地铁工作人员抑郁症状检出率较高,应加强地铁工作人员心理健康的研究,及时采取干预措施,保护其身心健康。
Objective To examine the status and the related factors of depression symptoms among subway workers in metro line 2 in W city,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of psychological problems of subway workers.Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted to collect information on social demographic characteristics,work environment characteristics and individual behaviours. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by using a self-rating depression scale( SDS scale). Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptom among the subway workers. Results In this survey,there were 1152 subway workers,and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 66. 4%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the protective factors of depression included high personal monthly income( OR = 0. 676,95% CI: 0. 478 ~ 0. 956),exercise( OR = 0. 699,95% CI: 0. 515 ~ 0.948),moderate sleep time and good sleep status( OR = 0. 539,95% CI: 0. 40). While female workers( OR = 1. 538,95%CI: 1. 127 ~ 2. 099),age increasing( OR = 1. 020,95% CI: 1. 000 ~ 1. 040) and on the night shift( OR = 1. 757,95% CI:1. 238 ~ 2. 492) were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among subway workers is higher,and the study on mental health of subway workers should be strengthened. Enterprises should also take timely intervention measures to protect the physical and mental health of workers.
Objective To examine the status and the related factors of depression symptoms among subway workers in metro line 2 in W city,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of psychological problems of subway workers.Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted to collect information on social demographic characteristics,work environment characteristics and individual behaviours. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by using a self-rating depression scale( SDS scale). Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptom among the subway workers. Results In this survey,there were 1152 subway workers,and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 66. 4%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the protective factors of depression included high personal monthly income( OR = 0. 676,95% CI: 0. 478 ~ 0. 956),exercise( OR = 0. 699,95% CI: 0. 515 ~ 0.948),moderate sleep time and good sleep status( OR = 0. 539,95% CI: 0. 40). While female workers( OR = 1. 538,95%CI: 1. 127 ~ 2. 099),age increasing( OR = 1. 020,95% CI: 1. 000 ~ 1. 040) and on the night shift( OR = 1. 757,95% CI:1. 238 ~ 2. 492) were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among subway workers is higher,and the study on mental health of subway workers should be strengthened. Enterprises should also take timely intervention measures to protect the physical and mental health of workers.
引文
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[10]张锐,谷桂珍,余善法.年龄对职业紧张各因素测试结果的影响[J].中国公共卫生,2002(5):113-114.
[11]余善法,谷桂珍,阎艳.性别对职业紧张测试结果的影响[J].工业卫生与职业病,2001(6):336-338.
[12] Van de Velde S,Bracke P,Levecque K. Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression[J]. Social Science&Medicine,2010,71(2):305-313.
[13]谷桂珍,薛改样,余善法.文化程度对职业紧张测试结果的影响[J].中国职业医学,2002(1):28-29.
[14]李珍,甄薇,毛宗福.武汉市社区老年人抑郁状况及其影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(1):102-105.
[15] Tuka V,DaňkováM,Riegel K,et al. Physical activity-the Holy Grail of modern medicine?[J]. Vnitrni Lekarstvi,2017,63(10):729-736.
[16] Penedo FJ,Dahn JR. Exercise and well-being:a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity[J]. Current Opinion in Psychiatry,2005,18(2):189-193.
[2] World Health Organization. The world health report 2001-mental health:new understanding,new hope[R/OL].[2018-09-03]. http://www. who. int/whr/2001/en/whr01_en. pdf? ua=1.
[3] Salomon JA, Wang HD, Freeman MK, et al. Healthy Life expectancy for 187 countries,1990-2010:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden Disease Study 2010[J]. Lancet,2012,380(9859):2144-2162.
[4]杨雪琴.社区居民抑郁状态及早期干预有效性研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2012:12-13.
[5]严飞,周敬,寿娟.上海市社区老年人抑郁状况调查及相关危险因素研究[C]//浙江省科学技术协会. 2015年浙江省全科医学学术年会论文汇编.杭州:浙江省科学技术协会,2015:170.
[6]戴晓阳.常用心理评估量表手册[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2010:133-136.
[7]王春芳,蔡则环,徐清.抑郁自评量表-SDS对1,340例正常人评定分析[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,1986,12(5):267-268.
[8]高锴,霍勇燕.旅客列车乘务员抑郁自评量表的调查分析[J].中国职业医学,2001(2):21-22.
[9]周健,崔丽华,孔庆章.对154名铁路调度员的抑郁症、焦虑症及高血脂、脂肪肝的调查研究[J].厂矿医药卫生,1998(1):62-63.
[10]张锐,谷桂珍,余善法.年龄对职业紧张各因素测试结果的影响[J].中国公共卫生,2002(5):113-114.
[11]余善法,谷桂珍,阎艳.性别对职业紧张测试结果的影响[J].工业卫生与职业病,2001(6):336-338.
[12] Van de Velde S,Bracke P,Levecque K. Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression[J]. Social Science&Medicine,2010,71(2):305-313.
[13]谷桂珍,薛改样,余善法.文化程度对职业紧张测试结果的影响[J].中国职业医学,2002(1):28-29.
[14]李珍,甄薇,毛宗福.武汉市社区老年人抑郁状况及其影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(1):102-105.
[15] Tuka V,DaňkováM,Riegel K,et al. Physical activity-the Holy Grail of modern medicine?[J]. Vnitrni Lekarstvi,2017,63(10):729-736.
[16] Penedo FJ,Dahn JR. Exercise and well-being:a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity[J]. Current Opinion in Psychiatry,2005,18(2):189-193.