论两汉农业中的自然灾害及其应对——以儒学在两汉的发展为视角
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摘要
中国古代农业社会,自然灾害时有发生。自然灾害的发生无疑会对农业、人民的生命财产造成一定的损失,甚至引发慌乱,危及社会稳定。社会存在决定社会意识,植根于中国古代农业社会的儒家思想,对自然灾害及其应对也有着独到的见解。先秦儒家学者通过观察天地自然,阐发了一系列关于自然灾害及其应对的理论,汉代学者对这种思想作了进一步的补充,且将这种思想付诸实践,并取得良好效果。
In the ancient Chinese agricultural society,natural disasters occurred from time to time. Natural disasters will undoubtedly cause certain losses to agriculture,people's lives and property,and even cause panic and endanger social stability. Social existence determines social consciousness. Confucianism is rooted in ancient Chinese agricultural society. It also has unique insights into natural disasters and their response. By observing the nature of heaven and earth,the Pre-qin Confucian scholars expounded a series of theories about natural disasters and their coping with them. The Han scholars made further supplements to this idea,put it into practice and achieved good results.
In the ancient Chinese agricultural society,natural disasters occurred from time to time. Natural disasters will undoubtedly cause certain losses to agriculture,people's lives and property,and even cause panic and endanger social stability. Social existence determines social consciousness. Confucianism is rooted in ancient Chinese agricultural society. It also has unique insights into natural disasters and their response. By observing the nature of heaven and earth,the Pre-qin Confucian scholars expounded a series of theories about natural disasters and their coping with them. The Han scholars made further supplements to this idea,put it into practice and achieved good results.
引文
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[4]楼宇烈.荀子新注[M].北京:中华书局,2018.
[5]刘厚琴.先秦儒家的生态农业观[J].唐都学刊,2003(3).
[6]王国轩,王秀梅.孔子家语[M].北京:中华书局,2014.
[7]徐正英,常佩雨.周礼[M].北京:中华书局,2014.
[8]王红霞.中国古代的灾荒与儒家的生命力[J].中国文化论衡,2016(1).
[9]顾颉刚.秦汉的方士与儒生[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1978.
[10]范学辉.《春秋繁露》与儒学君道观的形成[J].齐鲁学刊,1998(2).
[11]李军.“委托一代理”视角下的中国传统社会救荒[J].中国经济史研究,2009(3).
[12]高汝东.汉代救灾思想研究[D].济南:山东大学,2005.
[13]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1964.
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[15]李长辉.儒学与两汉禳灾关系研究[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学,2010.
[16]孟祥才.从秦汉时期皇帝诏书称引儒家经典看儒学的发展[J].孔子研究,2004(4).
[17]刘厚琴.儒学与汉代生态坏境保护[J].齐鲁学刊,1999(3).
[18]司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局,1982.
[19]刘厚琴.汉代社会保障体系及其特征[J].开封大学学报,2004(4).