新疆海岛棉主要育成品种性状特征与系谱来源分析
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摘要
【目的】了解中国新疆海岛棉育成品种性状表现,研究其遗传基础,为资源利用提供支持。【方法】2013~2016年,对58份新疆海岛棉育成品种资源材料采用同一生态区连续集中种植的方法进行鉴定,研究其性状表现和系谱关系。【结果】枯萎病发病率品种间变异系变数大,达到89.2%,果枝类型次之,为48.6%;株高(13.0%)、始果枝节位(15.0%)、单株铃数(18.0%)、纤维强力(10.7%)、纤维黄度(11.0%)变异系数较高,其他性状变异较小(<10%)。除早期育成的4个品种外,不同时期育成品种均为零式果枝类型,平均株高、单铃重、子指、纤维长度、比强度呈逐年代增加的趋势,2010年后增长较为迅速,较2000年品种分别增加13.4%、9.7%、8.1%、5.5%、9.8%,枯萎病抗性显著提高,衣分增加较慢,絮色变白,近年来主栽品种铃期微增,单株铃数、铃重增加,抗病性变强。从系谱看,新疆海岛棉育成品种主要来源于中亚埃及型,其中8763И、5230Ф和2И3、9122И主要分别用于吐鲁番盆地和塔里木盆地品种的改良,不同时期突破性的中间材料的注入是新疆海岛棉纤维品质、抗性提升的基础。性状聚类结果与系谱分析一致。【结论】中国新疆海岛棉品种近10a育成品种在主要经济性状方面较之前品种提升迅速,特别是铃重、纤维品质与抗病性改良作用显著。育成品种骨干亲本主要来源于中亚国家,早期品种遗传基础狭窄,2010年品种遗传背景较为复杂。海岛棉育种应在优质、高效、可持续的前提下,寻求扩大资源来源途径,挖掘种质潜力,丰富品种类型,为新疆海岛棉产业发展提供支撑。
【Objective】To fully understand the performance of Xinjiang island cotton varieties,explore its genetic basis,and provide support for further utilization of resources.【Method】From 2013 to 2016 years,58 varieties of Xinjiang island cotton were identified by continuously centralized planting in the same ecological area,their characteristics and genealogical relationships were studied. 【Result 】The incidence of Fusarium Wilt with coefficient variation( CV) was higher in different varieties,and reached 89. 2%. The fruit spur type was 48. 6%,plant height( 13. 0%),first sympodial branch section( 15. 0%),boll number( 18%),( 10.7%) fiber strength and fiber yellowness( 11. 0%) coefficient of variation were higher,and other characteristics were lower( < 10%). In addition to the 4 varieties of early bred cultivars,the varieties developed in different periods were of zero-type branch type. The average plant height,boll weight,seed index,fiber length and specific strength increased year by year. After 2010 s,their growth was more rapid,13. 4 and 9. 7 and 8.1 and 5. 5 and 9. 8 faster respectively than those of the varieties of 2000 s. The disease resistance to Fusarium wilt was significantly increased,lint percentage increased slowly and the floc color turned white. In recent years,the boll period of the main cultivar increased slightly,the number of bolls per plant and boll weight increased,and the disease resistance became stronger. From the pedigree point of view,the varieties of Xinjiang island cotton were mainly derived from the Egyptian type in Central Asia,in which 8763И,5230Ф and 2И3,9122И were mainly used to improve the varieties in Turpan Basin and Tarim Basin,respectively. The injection of breakthrough intermediate materials in different periods was the basis for the improvement of fiber quality and resistance of Xinjiang island cotton. The results of cluster analysis were consistent with pedigree analysis. 【Conclusion】The main economic characters of the varieties bred in Xinjiang Island Cotton in the past 10 years have increased rapidly,especially in the improvement of boll weight,fiber quality and disease resistance. The mainstay parents of bred varieties mainly come from the countries of Central Asia,with narrow genetic basis in their early varieties,but the genetic background of 2010 s varieties is complicated. On the premise of high quality,high efficiency and sustainability,island breeding in the future should seek further ways to expand resource sources,tap germplasm potential,enrich variety types,and provide support for the development of island cotton industry of island cotton in Xinjiang.
【Objective】To fully understand the performance of Xinjiang island cotton varieties,explore its genetic basis,and provide support for further utilization of resources.【Method】From 2013 to 2016 years,58 varieties of Xinjiang island cotton were identified by continuously centralized planting in the same ecological area,their characteristics and genealogical relationships were studied. 【Result 】The incidence of Fusarium Wilt with coefficient variation( CV) was higher in different varieties,and reached 89. 2%. The fruit spur type was 48. 6%,plant height( 13. 0%),first sympodial branch section( 15. 0%),boll number( 18%),( 10.7%) fiber strength and fiber yellowness( 11. 0%) coefficient of variation were higher,and other characteristics were lower( < 10%). In addition to the 4 varieties of early bred cultivars,the varieties developed in different periods were of zero-type branch type. The average plant height,boll weight,seed index,fiber length and specific strength increased year by year. After 2010 s,their growth was more rapid,13. 4 and 9. 7 and 8.1 and 5. 5 and 9. 8 faster respectively than those of the varieties of 2000 s. The disease resistance to Fusarium wilt was significantly increased,lint percentage increased slowly and the floc color turned white. In recent years,the boll period of the main cultivar increased slightly,the number of bolls per plant and boll weight increased,and the disease resistance became stronger. From the pedigree point of view,the varieties of Xinjiang island cotton were mainly derived from the Egyptian type in Central Asia,in which 8763И,5230Ф and 2И3,9122И were mainly used to improve the varieties in Turpan Basin and Tarim Basin,respectively. The injection of breakthrough intermediate materials in different periods was the basis for the improvement of fiber quality and resistance of Xinjiang island cotton. The results of cluster analysis were consistent with pedigree analysis. 【Conclusion】The main economic characters of the varieties bred in Xinjiang Island Cotton in the past 10 years have increased rapidly,especially in the improvement of boll weight,fiber quality and disease resistance. The mainstay parents of bred varieties mainly come from the countries of Central Asia,with narrow genetic basis in their early varieties,but the genetic background of 2010 s varieties is complicated. On the premise of high quality,high efficiency and sustainability,island breeding in the future should seek further ways to expand resource sources,tap germplasm potential,enrich variety types,and provide support for the development of island cotton industry of island cotton in Xinjiang.
引文
[1]孔庆平.我国海岛棉生产概况及比较优势分析[J].中国棉花,2002,29(12):19-22.KONG Qing-ping.(2002).The analysis of comparative advantage of production situation for island cotton(G.barbadense L.)in China[J].China Cotton,29(12):19-22.(in Chinese)
[2]何良荣.南疆海岛棉系谱分析、农艺性状演变及经济性状时空分布规律研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士论文,2004.HE Liang-rong.(2004).Studies on pedigree relative and agronomy character evolution and its space-time distribution of economic traits in sea island cotton(G.barbadense L.)in South Xinjjiang[D].Master Dissertation.Northwest A&F University,Yangling.(in Chinese)
[3]苏寿岳.谈谈新疆长绒棉[J].纤维检验通讯,1980,(12):10-17.SU Shou-yue.(1980).Talking about Sea Island cotton of Xinjiang[J].Fiber Inspection Communication,(12):10-17.(in Chinese)
[4]孔杰,孔庆平,宁新民,等.新疆海岛棉育种现状及发展需求[J].江西棉花,2011,33(5):10-13.KONG Jie,KONG Qing-ping,NING Xin-min,et al.(2011).Breeding status and developing requirement of island Cotton in Xinjiang[J].Jiangxi Cotton,33(5):10-13.(in Chinese)
[5]宁新民,王为然,孔庆平,等.长绒棉新海53号的特性及栽培要点[J].中国棉花,2017,44(4):27-29.NING Xin-min,WANG Wei-ran,KONG Qing-ping,et al.(2017).Characteristics and Cultivation Points of a Sea-Island Cotton Variety,Xinhai No.53[J].China Cotton,44(4):27-29.(in Chinese)
[6]李诗林,陈晋瑞,吐尔逊,等.长绒棉品种-新海58号[J].中国棉花,2017,44(3):39-41.LI Shi-lin,CHEN Jin-rui,Tuerxun,et al.(2017).A New Sea-Island Cotton Variety,Xinhai 58[J].China Cotton,44(3):39-41.(in Chinese)
[7]王献礼,邰红忠,贺美球,等.新疆长绒棉品种系谱分析[J].中国种业,2012,(12):21-22.WANG Xian-li,TAI Hong-zhong,HE Mei-qiu,et al.(2012).The pedigree analysis of Xinjiang Sea-Island cotton varieties[J].China Seeds,(12):21-22.(in Chinese)
[8]米日古丽,阿里甫,宁新民.利用SRAP和RGA标记对新疆海岛棉品种的聚类分析[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(11):2017-2 024.Miriguli,Alifu,NING Xin-min.(2011).Cluster analysis on Xinjiang sea island cotton by SRAP and RGA[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,48(11):2,017-2,024.(in Chinese)
[9]谢元元.127份海岛棉遗传多样性分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.XIE Yuan-yuan.(2013).Genetic analysis diversity of 127 Sea Island cotton[D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[10]Wang,X.Q.,Feng,C.H.,Lin,Z.X.,&Zhang,X.L.(2011).Genetic diversity of,sea-island cotton(gossypium barbadense)revealed by mapped ssrs.Genetics&Molecular Research Gmr,10(4):3,620-3,631.
[11]杜雄明.棉花果枝类型划分的统一化[J].中国棉花,1996,(4):19.DU Xiong-ming.(1996).Unified division of fruit branch type for cotton[J].China Cotton,(4):19.(in Chinese)
[12]邢振东.从区域试验结果看新疆棉花的育种目标[J].新疆农业科学,1982,(3):7-8.(in Chinese)XING Zhen-dong.(1982).The breeding goal of cotton from the regional test results in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):7-8.(in Chinese)
[13]马家璋.对新疆棉花生产发展的一些建议[J].中国棉花,1989,(1):7-9.MA Jia-zhang.(1989).Suggestion on the development of cotton production in Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,(1):7-9.
[14]李晴.新疆长绒棉纤维强力影响因素的分析[J].中国棉花,1983,(5):12-13.LI Qing.(1983).Analysis on the factors of fiber strength in Xinjiang island cotton[J].China Cotton,(5):12-13.(in Chinese)
[15]尚亚南,郭靖,张哲峰.长绒棉性状最佳组合初探[J].新疆农业科学,1989,(3):9-11.SHANG Ya-nan,GUO Jing,ZHANG Zhe-feng.(1989).The best combination of traits of cotton[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):9-11.(in Chinese)
[16]李尔文,邰红忠,余力,等.试论新疆海岛棉替代进口埃及棉的可能性[J].中国棉花,1997,24(8):7-9.LI Er-wen,TAI Hong-zhong,YU Li,et al.(1997).The possibility of Xinjiang island cotton instead of importing Egyptian cotton[J].China Cotton,24(8):7-9.(in Chinese)
[17]陈顺理.塔里木河流域棉花系统选种目标和单株选择技术商讨[J].新疆农业科学,1963,(11):430-434.CHEN Shun-li.(1963).Discussion on selection target and single plant selection technique for cotton system in Tarim River Basin[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(11):430-434.(in Chinese)
[18]郜世平.埃及种植长绒棉的经验以及对改进我区长绒棉生产的建议[J].新疆农垦科技,1982,(4):34-37.GAO Shi-ping.(1982).The cultivation experience of Egyptian long staple cotton and advice of improvement on island cotton in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science&Technology,(4):34-37.(in Chinese)
[19]徐培秀,张运生,王岚.新疆棉花基地布局研究[J].地理学报,1990,45(1):31-40.XU Pei-xiu,ZHANG Yun-sheng,WANG Lan.(1990).On the Allocation of cotton production base in Xinjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,45(1):31-40.(in Chinese)
[20]陈顺理,马环.世界海岛棉纤维品质现状、发展趋向及塔里木海岛棉的育种目标[J].新疆农业科学,1987,(3):8-9.CHEN Shun-li,MA Huan.(1987).The quality status,development trend of cotton fiber in the world and the breeding goal of the Tarim island cotton[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):8-9.(in Chinese)
[21]陈燕山.从棉花杂交育种工作中取得的经验教训[J].新疆农业科学,1962,(3):92-94.CHEN Yan-shan.(1962).The lesson learned from crossbreeding of cotton[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):92-94.(in Chinese)
[22]马藩之,刘吉升.陆地棉海岛棉杂交后代经济性状的遗传进展[J].北京农业大学学报,1982,8(3):23-32.MA Fan-zhi,LIU Ji-sheng.(1982).Genetic advances in the progenies of cross between G.hirsutum and G.barbadense[J].Acta Agricultural University Pekinensis,8(3):23-32.(in Chinese)
[23]邢振东.长绒棉新品种-新海6号[J].中国棉花,1989,(6):19.XING Zhen-dong.(1989).New variety of island cotton,Xinhai 6[J].China Cotton,(6):19.(in Chinese)
[24]马麒,宿俊吉,宁新柱,等.新疆海岛棉育种目标性状多元分析与种质资源评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(7):1 530-1 539.MA Qi,SU Jun-ji,NING Xin-zhu,et al.(2016).Multivariate analysis on breeding targeted-traits of sea island cotton(G.barbadense)Bred in Xinjiang and evaluation of germplasm resources[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,29(7):1,530-1,539.(in Chinese)
[2]何良荣.南疆海岛棉系谱分析、农艺性状演变及经济性状时空分布规律研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士论文,2004.HE Liang-rong.(2004).Studies on pedigree relative and agronomy character evolution and its space-time distribution of economic traits in sea island cotton(G.barbadense L.)in South Xinjjiang[D].Master Dissertation.Northwest A&F University,Yangling.(in Chinese)
[3]苏寿岳.谈谈新疆长绒棉[J].纤维检验通讯,1980,(12):10-17.SU Shou-yue.(1980).Talking about Sea Island cotton of Xinjiang[J].Fiber Inspection Communication,(12):10-17.(in Chinese)
[4]孔杰,孔庆平,宁新民,等.新疆海岛棉育种现状及发展需求[J].江西棉花,2011,33(5):10-13.KONG Jie,KONG Qing-ping,NING Xin-min,et al.(2011).Breeding status and developing requirement of island Cotton in Xinjiang[J].Jiangxi Cotton,33(5):10-13.(in Chinese)
[5]宁新民,王为然,孔庆平,等.长绒棉新海53号的特性及栽培要点[J].中国棉花,2017,44(4):27-29.NING Xin-min,WANG Wei-ran,KONG Qing-ping,et al.(2017).Characteristics and Cultivation Points of a Sea-Island Cotton Variety,Xinhai No.53[J].China Cotton,44(4):27-29.(in Chinese)
[6]李诗林,陈晋瑞,吐尔逊,等.长绒棉品种-新海58号[J].中国棉花,2017,44(3):39-41.LI Shi-lin,CHEN Jin-rui,Tuerxun,et al.(2017).A New Sea-Island Cotton Variety,Xinhai 58[J].China Cotton,44(3):39-41.(in Chinese)
[7]王献礼,邰红忠,贺美球,等.新疆长绒棉品种系谱分析[J].中国种业,2012,(12):21-22.WANG Xian-li,TAI Hong-zhong,HE Mei-qiu,et al.(2012).The pedigree analysis of Xinjiang Sea-Island cotton varieties[J].China Seeds,(12):21-22.(in Chinese)
[8]米日古丽,阿里甫,宁新民.利用SRAP和RGA标记对新疆海岛棉品种的聚类分析[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(11):2017-2 024.Miriguli,Alifu,NING Xin-min.(2011).Cluster analysis on Xinjiang sea island cotton by SRAP and RGA[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,48(11):2,017-2,024.(in Chinese)
[9]谢元元.127份海岛棉遗传多样性分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.XIE Yuan-yuan.(2013).Genetic analysis diversity of 127 Sea Island cotton[D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[10]Wang,X.Q.,Feng,C.H.,Lin,Z.X.,&Zhang,X.L.(2011).Genetic diversity of,sea-island cotton(gossypium barbadense)revealed by mapped ssrs.Genetics&Molecular Research Gmr,10(4):3,620-3,631.
[11]杜雄明.棉花果枝类型划分的统一化[J].中国棉花,1996,(4):19.DU Xiong-ming.(1996).Unified division of fruit branch type for cotton[J].China Cotton,(4):19.(in Chinese)
[12]邢振东.从区域试验结果看新疆棉花的育种目标[J].新疆农业科学,1982,(3):7-8.(in Chinese)XING Zhen-dong.(1982).The breeding goal of cotton from the regional test results in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):7-8.(in Chinese)
[13]马家璋.对新疆棉花生产发展的一些建议[J].中国棉花,1989,(1):7-9.MA Jia-zhang.(1989).Suggestion on the development of cotton production in Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,(1):7-9.
[14]李晴.新疆长绒棉纤维强力影响因素的分析[J].中国棉花,1983,(5):12-13.LI Qing.(1983).Analysis on the factors of fiber strength in Xinjiang island cotton[J].China Cotton,(5):12-13.(in Chinese)
[15]尚亚南,郭靖,张哲峰.长绒棉性状最佳组合初探[J].新疆农业科学,1989,(3):9-11.SHANG Ya-nan,GUO Jing,ZHANG Zhe-feng.(1989).The best combination of traits of cotton[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):9-11.(in Chinese)
[16]李尔文,邰红忠,余力,等.试论新疆海岛棉替代进口埃及棉的可能性[J].中国棉花,1997,24(8):7-9.LI Er-wen,TAI Hong-zhong,YU Li,et al.(1997).The possibility of Xinjiang island cotton instead of importing Egyptian cotton[J].China Cotton,24(8):7-9.(in Chinese)
[17]陈顺理.塔里木河流域棉花系统选种目标和单株选择技术商讨[J].新疆农业科学,1963,(11):430-434.CHEN Shun-li.(1963).Discussion on selection target and single plant selection technique for cotton system in Tarim River Basin[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(11):430-434.(in Chinese)
[18]郜世平.埃及种植长绒棉的经验以及对改进我区长绒棉生产的建议[J].新疆农垦科技,1982,(4):34-37.GAO Shi-ping.(1982).The cultivation experience of Egyptian long staple cotton and advice of improvement on island cotton in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science&Technology,(4):34-37.(in Chinese)
[19]徐培秀,张运生,王岚.新疆棉花基地布局研究[J].地理学报,1990,45(1):31-40.XU Pei-xiu,ZHANG Yun-sheng,WANG Lan.(1990).On the Allocation of cotton production base in Xinjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,45(1):31-40.(in Chinese)
[20]陈顺理,马环.世界海岛棉纤维品质现状、发展趋向及塔里木海岛棉的育种目标[J].新疆农业科学,1987,(3):8-9.CHEN Shun-li,MA Huan.(1987).The quality status,development trend of cotton fiber in the world and the breeding goal of the Tarim island cotton[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):8-9.(in Chinese)
[21]陈燕山.从棉花杂交育种工作中取得的经验教训[J].新疆农业科学,1962,(3):92-94.CHEN Yan-shan.(1962).The lesson learned from crossbreeding of cotton[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):92-94.(in Chinese)
[22]马藩之,刘吉升.陆地棉海岛棉杂交后代经济性状的遗传进展[J].北京农业大学学报,1982,8(3):23-32.MA Fan-zhi,LIU Ji-sheng.(1982).Genetic advances in the progenies of cross between G.hirsutum and G.barbadense[J].Acta Agricultural University Pekinensis,8(3):23-32.(in Chinese)
[23]邢振东.长绒棉新品种-新海6号[J].中国棉花,1989,(6):19.XING Zhen-dong.(1989).New variety of island cotton,Xinhai 6[J].China Cotton,(6):19.(in Chinese)
[24]马麒,宿俊吉,宁新柱,等.新疆海岛棉育种目标性状多元分析与种质资源评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(7):1 530-1 539.MA Qi,SU Jun-ji,NING Xin-zhu,et al.(2016).Multivariate analysis on breeding targeted-traits of sea island cotton(G.barbadense)Bred in Xinjiang and evaluation of germplasm resources[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,29(7):1,530-1,539.(in Chinese)