陕西渭北旱塬区土地利用与生态系统服务价值变化——以陇县为例
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摘要
以陕西省陇县为研究对象,基于该区域2000年、2005年、2010年、2014年四期遥感影像,探讨了陇县土地利用变化情况,并参照生态系统服务价值当量估算法定量分析了研究期内陇县的生态系统服务价值变化特征,以期为陇县生态环境保护和土地利用调控提供科学参考。结果表明:(1)近14年,陇县土地利用结构发生了明显变化,耕地、未利用地、水体的面积出现减少,林地、草地、建设用地的面积均有不同程度增加,草地面积增加最多,增长了15.18%,耕地面积减少最多,减少了2.68%。(2)研究期内,林地生态系统服务价值最高,依次为耕地、草地、水体和未利用地。陇县总生态系统服务价值增加了1.617×107元,林地和草地的贡献度最大。耕地和水体面积减少引起食物生产、废物处理、水源涵养和娱乐文化的生态服务价值在不同时期出现下降。(3)不同时期,各地类的生态系统服务价值敏感系数均小于1,表明生态系统服务价值对价值系数变化缺乏弹性,研究结果具有可信度。
Strengthening the study of land use change and ecological service in ecologically fragile regions is conducive to regional environmental protection and land use management.Based on the remote sensing images of 2000,2005,2010 and 2014,we quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of the land use changes and the ecosystem service value changes in Long County by using dynamic index,sensitivity coefficient,information entropy and the table of equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services.The results showed that the land use structure of Long County changed significantly in the past 14 years.The areas of farmland,unused land,and water body decreased,while the areas of forestland,grassland,and construction land increased with various degrees.The area of grassland increased by of 15.18%,the maximum increment of area was found in grassland.The area of farmland decreased by of 2.68%,and the maximum decline of area occurred in the farmland.During the study period,forest had the highest ecosystem service value,followed by farmland,grassland,water body and unused land.The aggregate value of ecosystem service increased by1.617×107 RMB,the contribution of forest and grassland to the value was the most.The ecosystem service values of food production,waste treatment,water conservation,and entertainment culture presented the declining trend in different periods,which was caused by the reduction of farmland area and water body.Every sensitivity coefficient of land ecological service value was less than 1,indicating that ecological service value was lack of elasticity to ecosystem service function indexes and the results were credible.
Strengthening the study of land use change and ecological service in ecologically fragile regions is conducive to regional environmental protection and land use management.Based on the remote sensing images of 2000,2005,2010 and 2014,we quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of the land use changes and the ecosystem service value changes in Long County by using dynamic index,sensitivity coefficient,information entropy and the table of equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services.The results showed that the land use structure of Long County changed significantly in the past 14 years.The areas of farmland,unused land,and water body decreased,while the areas of forestland,grassland,and construction land increased with various degrees.The area of grassland increased by of 15.18%,the maximum increment of area was found in grassland.The area of farmland decreased by of 2.68%,and the maximum decline of area occurred in the farmland.During the study period,forest had the highest ecosystem service value,followed by farmland,grassland,water body and unused land.The aggregate value of ecosystem service increased by1.617×107 RMB,the contribution of forest and grassland to the value was the most.The ecosystem service values of food production,waste treatment,water conservation,and entertainment culture presented the declining trend in different periods,which was caused by the reduction of farmland area and water body.Every sensitivity coefficient of land ecological service value was less than 1,indicating that ecological service value was lack of elasticity to ecosystem service function indexes and the results were credible.
引文
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[22]马明德,谢应忠,米文宝,等.宁夏东部风沙区土地利用/覆盖变化及其生态效应研究:以宁夏回族自治区盐池县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):8-14.
[23]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(1):83-89.
[24]刘正恩,孙双印,高建民.河北省怀来县土地利用程度及其区域差异分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(11):125-128.
[25]陈浩,李正国,唐鹏钦,等.气候变化背景下东北水稻的时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2571-2579.
[26]刘焱序,任志远,李春越.秦岭山区景观格局演变的生态服务价值响应研究:以商洛市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):109-114.
[2] Repetto R.Accounting for environmental assets[J].Scientific American,1992,266(6):94-100.
[3] Herman E.Daly,Joshua Farley,徐中民.生态经济学[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2007.
[4] Costanza R,d′Arge R,Groot R D,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(1):3-15.
[5]谢高地,鲁春霞,肖玉,等.青藏高原高寒草地生态系统服务价值评估[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):50-55.
[6] Luisetti T,Turner R K,Jickells T,et al.Coastal Zone Ecosystem Services:from science to values and decision making;a case study[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,49(3):682-693.
[7] Camacho-Valdez V,Ruiz-Luna A,Ghermandi A,et al.Valuation of ecosystem services provided by coastal wetlands in northwest Mexico[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2013,78(3):1-11.
[8]张琨,吕一河,傅伯杰.黄土高原典型区植被恢复及其对生态系统服务的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):23-31.
[9]商慧敏,郗敏,李悦,等.胶州湾滨海湿地生态系统服务价值变化[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):421-431.
[10]傅伯杰,张立伟.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念、方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(4):441-446.
[11] Tuan Y F.Geography,phenomenology,and the study of human nature[J].Canadian Geographer,2010,15(3):181-192.
[12] Zhao B,Kreuter U,Li B,et al.An ecosystem service value assessment of land-use change on Chongming Island,China[J].Land Use Policy,2004,21(2):139-148.
[13]赵亮,刘吉平,田学智.近60年挠力河流域生态系统服务价值时空变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):3169-3176.
[14]刘桂林,张落成,张倩.长三角地区土地利用时空变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3311-3319.
[15]傅伯杰.渭北旱原土地类型特征及其利用[J].陕西师大学报:自然科学版,1985(2):101-108.
[16]李团胜,周育红,刘哲明.宝鸡渭北旱塬农业气候资源分析与评价[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2002,32(2):189-193.
[17]庞奖励,张卫青,黄春长,等.渭北高原土地利用变化对土壤剖面发育的影响:以洛川—长武塬区耕地转为苹果园为例[J].地理学报,2010,65(7):789-800.
[18]刘引鸽.宝鸡渭北区域气温变化研究[J].宝鸡文理学院学报:自然科学版,2004,24(3):223-227.
[19]涂小松,龙花楼.2000—2010年鄱阳湖地区生态系统服务价值空间格局及其动态演化[J].资源科学,2015,37(12):2451-2460.
[20]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
[21]周德成,罗格平,许文强,等.1960—2008年阿克苏河流域生态系统服务价值动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):399-408.
[22]马明德,谢应忠,米文宝,等.宁夏东部风沙区土地利用/覆盖变化及其生态效应研究:以宁夏回族自治区盐池县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):8-14.
[23]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(1):83-89.
[24]刘正恩,孙双印,高建民.河北省怀来县土地利用程度及其区域差异分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(11):125-128.
[25]陈浩,李正国,唐鹏钦,等.气候变化背景下东北水稻的时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2571-2579.
[26]刘焱序,任志远,李春越.秦岭山区景观格局演变的生态服务价值响应研究:以商洛市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):109-114.