京西门头沟叶腊石泥岩矿物学特征
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摘要
我国含煤地层共伴生矿物种类较多,资源量较大,其中京西门头沟石炭-二叠纪煤系中的叶蜡石泥岩比较罕见,具有重要的开发利用价值。利用偏光显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、热分析(TA)、电子探针(EPM)等测试手段,从矿物学角度对北京西山门头沟红庙岭组叶腊石矿物学特征进行研究。结果表明,研究区泥岩叶腊石与硬水铝石、硬绿泥石等矿物共生,偏光显微镜下叶腊石通常呈隐晶或微晶鳞片状,定向分布。基于微区电子探针化学分析计算得出的叶腊石晶体结构化学式为:Al_(1.9965)(Si_(3.9982)O_(10))(O_2H_(2.0180))。根据沉积地质背景和共生矿物组合特征,推断叶腊石的形成温度在300℃左右,认为京西门头沟区叶腊石为高岭石受到构造应力影响形成的动力变质矿物。
The associated mineral deposits in coal-bearing strata in China have many different types and large amount of resources. The pyrophyllite mudstone in Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing strata in Mentougou of western Beijing is distinctive and rare, and it is of great significance for exploitation and utilization. The mineralogical features of pyrophyllite in Hongmiaoling Formation in Mentougou, western Beijing, were studied by use of polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared absorption spectra, thermal analysis and electron probe(EPM), etc. The results indicated that the pyrophyllite mineral is co-existed with diasporite and chloritoid. The pyrophyllite under polarizing microscope shows aphanitic or microcrystalline flakes with directional distribution. Based on chemical analysis and calculation of electron probe in micro area the chemical formula for crystal structure of pyrophyllite was calculated as:Al_(1.9965)(Si_(3.9982)O_(10))(O_2H_(2.0180)). According to the characteristics of sedimentary geologic background and minerals association, it was concluded that the formation temperature of pyrophyllite was about 300℃, and it was transformed from kaolinite under the condition of dynamic metamorphism by tectonic stress.
The associated mineral deposits in coal-bearing strata in China have many different types and large amount of resources. The pyrophyllite mudstone in Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing strata in Mentougou of western Beijing is distinctive and rare, and it is of great significance for exploitation and utilization. The mineralogical features of pyrophyllite in Hongmiaoling Formation in Mentougou, western Beijing, were studied by use of polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared absorption spectra, thermal analysis and electron probe(EPM), etc. The results indicated that the pyrophyllite mineral is co-existed with diasporite and chloritoid. The pyrophyllite under polarizing microscope shows aphanitic or microcrystalline flakes with directional distribution. Based on chemical analysis and calculation of electron probe in micro area the chemical formula for crystal structure of pyrophyllite was calculated as:Al_(1.9965)(Si_(3.9982)O_(10))(O_2H_(2.0180)). According to the characteristics of sedimentary geologic background and minerals association, it was concluded that the formation temperature of pyrophyllite was about 300℃, and it was transformed from kaolinite under the condition of dynamic metamorphism by tectonic stress.
引文
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[23]王嘉荫.应力矿物概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
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[25]HEMLEY J J,MONTOYA J W,MARINENKO J W,et al.Equilibrium in the system Al2O3-Si O2-H2O and some general implications for alteration mineralization processes[J].Economic Geology,1980,75(2):210–228.
[2]季照雄.浅谈叶腊石的开发应用[J].西部探矿工程,2003(6):82–83.JI Zhaoxiong.Introduction to the development and application of pyrophyllite[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2003(6):82–83.
[3]徐平坤.我国叶腊石矿藏及开发利用前景[J].建筑技术——陶瓷,1987(1):37–44.XU Pingkun.The development and utilization prospect of pyrophyllite mineral deposits in China[J].Architecture Technology,1987(1):37–44.
[4]徐国平,郑日升,梁红原.叶蜡石的矿物成分对合成金刚石的影响[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2005,146(2):64–66.XU Guoping,ZHENG Risheng,LIANG Hongyuan.Influence of mineral formation of pyrophyllite on diamond synthesis[J].Diamond&Abrasives Engineering,2005,146(2):64–66.
[5]聂筑陵.贵州赫章叶腊石矿物特征[J].贵州地质,1991,8(4):379–385.NIE Zhuling.Mineral characteristics of pyrophyllite in Hezhang,Guizhou[J].Geology of Guizhou,1991,8(4):379–385.
[6]白鹤桥.门头沟区矿产资源开发利用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.
[7]刘显凡,孙传敏.矿物学简明教程:第2版[M].北京:地质出版社,2010,178.
[8]ROBERTSON R H S.Industrial uses of clay minerals[J].Silicon India,1973,38:33–43.
[9]LI Guanghui,ZENG Jinghua,LUO Jun,et al.Thermal trans-formation of pyrophyllite and alkali dissolution behavior of silicon[J].Applied Clay Science,2014,99:282–288.
[10]蒲含科.贵州赫章叶腊石矿物特征及利用途径[J].贵州地质,1990,2(7):141–148.PU Hanke.Mineral characteristics and utilization of pyrophyllite in Hezhang,Guizhou[J].Geology of Guizhou.1990,2(7):141–148.
[11]FARMER V C.The infrared spectra of minerals[J].Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,1974,22(7):397–401.
[12]陈大梅,姜泽春,张惠芬.我国叶蜡石的差热和红外光谱研究[J].矿物学报,1991,11(1):93–96.CHEN Damei,JIANG Zechun,ZHANG Huifen.Differential thermal analysis and absorption spectrorcopy of pyrophyllite from China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,1991,11(1):93–96.
[13]WILSON M J.A handbook of determinative methods in clay mineralogy Blackie[M].New York:Chapman and Hall,1987.
[14]赵杏媛,张有瑜.黏土矿物与黏土矿物分析[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990:180–181.
[15]傅广生,何永兰,李士范.天然叶腊石[J].中国宝玉石,1998(3):41–42.FU Guangsheng,HE Yonglan,LI Shifan.Natural pyrophyllite[J].China Gems&Jades,1998(3):41–42.
[16]朱庭祜.北京西山地质志[J].地质评论,1951(2):154–156.ZHU Tinggu.Beijing Xishan geological record[J].Geological Review,1951(2):154–156.
[17]刘嘉陵,王福民.钠云母的地质特征及工业利用[J].采矿技术快报,1988,6(18):61–65.LIU Jialing,WANG Fumin.Geological characteristics and industrial utilization of sodium mica[J].Foreign Mining Express Information,1988,6(18):61–65.
[18]胡雨帆,萧宗正.关于北京西山红庙岭组之地质时代[J].地质论评,1987,33(6):559–562.HU Yufan,XIAO Zongzheng.The geological age of Hongmiaoling Formation in Xishan of Beijing[J].Geological Review,1987,33(6):559–562.
[19]纪玉杰.北京西山侏罗纪煤系变质特征与地质灾害的关系[J].北京地质,2003,15(2):1–15.JI Yujie.The relationship between geological disaster and metamorphic characteristics of Jurassic coal-bearing formation in Xishan(western hills),Beijng[J].Beijing Geology,2003,15(2):1–15.
[20]聂宗笙.华北地区的燕山运动[J].地质科学,1985(4):321–333.NIE Zongsheng.The Yanshan movement in the North China[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1985(4):321–333.
[21]张之一.北京西山燕山运动的发展过程[J].河北地质学院学报,1981(3):5–12.ZHANG Zhiyi.The development of Yanshan movement in Beijing Xishan[J].Hebei University of Geosciences,1981(3):5–12.
[22]王嘉荫.北京西山的硬绿泥石带[J].中国地质学会志,1951,31(1):23–30.WANG Jiayin.On the chloritoid belt in western hills of Peking[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,1951,31(1):23–30.
[23]王嘉荫.应力矿物概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[24]许志琴,王方国,符振康.北京西山的深部韧性滑脱剪切带[J].中国地质科学院院报,1985(11):37–53.XU Zhiqin,WANG Fangguo,FU Zhenkang.Ductile decollement shear zone in Xishan of Beijing[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1985(11):37–53.
[25]HEMLEY J J,MONTOYA J W,MARINENKO J W,et al.Equilibrium in the system Al2O3-Si O2-H2O and some general implications for alteration mineralization processes[J].Economic Geology,1980,75(2):210–228.