摘要
随着中间品贸易的增长,中国已经成为全球价值链(GVC)嵌入程度最深的国家之一。一方面,全球价值链嵌入可以通过中间品进口带来高质量的中间品和技术,外生地提升出口质量;另一方面,中国企业全球价值链低端嵌入的俘获效应导致企业内生自主技术创新失灵,因此全球价值链嵌入与出口质量升级的关系有可能为非线性。文章使用2000~2006年中国海关数据库和工业企业数据库进行实证研究,结果表明:全球价值链嵌入会提高中国企业的出口质量,但过度嵌入会降低出口质量,两者之间成"倒U型"关系。全球价值链嵌入下中间品进口的质量效应、规模效应依然能够提升出口质量,但技术外溢效应对出口质量升级的影响为负,再加上全球价值链嵌入会降低企业自主研发创新从而拉低出口质量,因此中国企业内生的与外生的技术创新无法相互吸收和匹配。全球价值链嵌入OECD国家市场会提高企业出口质量,嵌入非OECD国家市场会降低出口质量,但如果全球价值链嵌入东盟市场或金砖国家也依然能够带来企业出口质量的提升。全球价值链嵌入下中间品进口贸易成本增加会带来企业出口质量的下降,但出口贸易成本增加会激励企业提高出口质量从而进入收入层次更高、距离更远的市场。
With the growth of trade in intermediate goods,China has become one of the countries with the deepest degree of embedding into global value chain( GVC). On one hand,the embedding degree into global value chain can bring exogenous technology upgrading through the import of intermediate products with the view of improving export quality. On the other hand,the capture effect of the low-technology embedding into GVC will lead to the failure of the endogenous innovation of the company,i. e. the relation the between GVC and the upgrading of export quality is non linear. Base on the combination of China's Customs Database and China Industrial Enterprises Database,we draw the conclusion: Embedding into global value chains will contribute to improve export product quality of Chinese enterprises while excessive embedding will reduce the quality of exports. The quality effect and scale effect of intermediate goods under GVC still help to improve export quality,on the contrary the effect of technology spillover do negative effect on export quality upgrading. In addition,the embedding into GVC will reduce the independent ability of R&D and innovation in company,which can lower the quality of exports. That's to say,endogenous and exogenous technological innovation in Chinese companies cannot match well. The GVC corporate embedding into the OECD market will improve the quality of exports while embedding into non-OECD countries will reduce the quality of exports. However,if GVC corporate is embedded in the ASEAN market and BRICS countries,it can still bring about the improvement of export quality. The increasing of importation cost under GVC will lead to a decline in the export quality of enterprises,and the increasing of exportation cost will increase the export quality of enterprises.
引文
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(1)本文数据的平减处理均以2004年为基期计算。