秋葵连作土壤浸提液对番茄生长的障碍研究
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摘要
单一耕作制度和作物品种,使设施连作障碍日益加剧。番茄和秋葵都是重要的设施蔬菜类型,但种植发现秋葵对番茄存在生长障碍,研究秋葵对番茄的生长障碍发生的生理生态机制具有重要意义。本研究选取种植秋葵的1 a和10 a土壤浸提液(简称1 a浸提液和10 a浸提液),以全素营养液为对照(简称CK),探讨秋葵连作土壤浸提液对番茄萌发期种子和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:同一浓度土壤浸提液处理下, 10 a浸提液的番茄萌芽期种子表现出主根畸形,侧根增多但细弱;番茄幼苗分根增多,根系活性低于1a浸提液且都显著低于CK,顶部嫩叶失绿异常,活性氧代谢系统紊乱。同一年限不同秋葵土壤浸提液浓度处理下,番茄萌发期种子随浸提液浓度的升高表现出主根畸形,侧根增多且细弱,番茄幼苗分根增多,1a和10a浸提液的番茄根尖数、分根数分别最高达1 146、3 321和2 291、1 947,显著高于对照(1 071、385);秋葵土壤浸提液浓度高于250mg·mL-1处理下番茄幼苗根系活性都显著低于CK,顶部嫩叶失绿异常,活性氧代谢系统紊乱。研究表明秋葵根系物及分泌物在土壤中残留,对后茬番茄的生长造成不良影响,这些物质随种植年限增加而富集,从而对番茄产生更严重的毒害。
Single tillage system, single variety and excessive pursuit for economic efficiency have exacerbated the barriers of continuous cropping of greenhouse tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum). Although its root secretions can cause autotoxicity, okra(Hibiscus esculentus) is a new vegetable with great economic prospect in China. Rotation is an effective way to avoid continuous cropping obstacles, however, in practice, rotation of tomato and okra inhibited growth and impeded fruiting of tomato. To clear the hypotrophy between tomato and okra, soils of okra continuously cropped for 1 year and 10 years were used to conduct an experiment with tomato seeds and seedlings. Water extracts of two soils were diluted into 1 000 mg·mL–1, 2 000 mg·mL–1 and 3 000 mg·mL–1 to treat tomato seeds, and into 125 mg·mL–1, 250 mg·mL–1 and 500 mg·mL–1 to cultivate tomato seedlings. Physiological and biochemical analysis and seed root and stem morphology observation of tomato were conducted to investigate the influence on the below-ground and above-ground growth of tomato to determine the effects of okra soil extracts on tomato seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that under the same concentration of soil extract, with continuous cropping years increase, the main root of tomato deformed with more but thin lateral root. Tomato seedling also showed increased root forks and root activity significantly lowered and with abnormal and green-lost top leaves compared to the control(total nutrient solution, CK) treatment. The activity of antioxidant enzyme, and MDA and proline contents were also significantly different from CK. Under different concentrations of soil abstracts for the same continuous cropping year, main root deformity appeared gradually in germinated tomato seeds as the concentration of soil extract increased. Also lateral roots increased and most relatively thin, tomato seedling rootlets increased and root tip number and rootlets were respectively 1 146 and 3 321 for the 1-year and 2 291 and 1 947 for the 10-year continuous cropping, all significantly higher than those under the control(1 071 and 385, respectively). Root activity of tomato seedlings firstly rose and then fell. At 3 days of cultivation, root activity of tomato seedlings under soil abstracts with over 250 mg·mL-(16) concentration of 1 year and 10 years continuous cropping were lower than that of CK. Antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA and proline contents were also significantly different from CK. Above all, some allelechemicals were secreted by okra roots, including the substances vestigital in the soil, which had negative effects on subsequent tomatoes. The substances were enriched with increasing years of continuous cropping, which caused more damage to succeeding tomato crops.
Single tillage system, single variety and excessive pursuit for economic efficiency have exacerbated the barriers of continuous cropping of greenhouse tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum). Although its root secretions can cause autotoxicity, okra(Hibiscus esculentus) is a new vegetable with great economic prospect in China. Rotation is an effective way to avoid continuous cropping obstacles, however, in practice, rotation of tomato and okra inhibited growth and impeded fruiting of tomato. To clear the hypotrophy between tomato and okra, soils of okra continuously cropped for 1 year and 10 years were used to conduct an experiment with tomato seeds and seedlings. Water extracts of two soils were diluted into 1 000 mg·mL–1, 2 000 mg·mL–1 and 3 000 mg·mL–1 to treat tomato seeds, and into 125 mg·mL–1, 250 mg·mL–1 and 500 mg·mL–1 to cultivate tomato seedlings. Physiological and biochemical analysis and seed root and stem morphology observation of tomato were conducted to investigate the influence on the below-ground and above-ground growth of tomato to determine the effects of okra soil extracts on tomato seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that under the same concentration of soil extract, with continuous cropping years increase, the main root of tomato deformed with more but thin lateral root. Tomato seedling also showed increased root forks and root activity significantly lowered and with abnormal and green-lost top leaves compared to the control(total nutrient solution, CK) treatment. The activity of antioxidant enzyme, and MDA and proline contents were also significantly different from CK. Under different concentrations of soil abstracts for the same continuous cropping year, main root deformity appeared gradually in germinated tomato seeds as the concentration of soil extract increased. Also lateral roots increased and most relatively thin, tomato seedling rootlets increased and root tip number and rootlets were respectively 1 146 and 3 321 for the 1-year and 2 291 and 1 947 for the 10-year continuous cropping, all significantly higher than those under the control(1 071 and 385, respectively). Root activity of tomato seedlings firstly rose and then fell. At 3 days of cultivation, root activity of tomato seedlings under soil abstracts with over 250 mg·mL-(16) concentration of 1 year and 10 years continuous cropping were lower than that of CK. Antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA and proline contents were also significantly different from CK. Above all, some allelechemicals were secreted by okra roots, including the substances vestigital in the soil, which had negative effects on subsequent tomatoes. The substances were enriched with increasing years of continuous cropping, which caused more damage to succeeding tomato crops.
引文
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[2]王建花,陈婷,林文雄.植物化感作用类型及其在农业中的应用[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1173-1183WANG J H,CHEN T,LIN W X.Plant allelopathy types and their application in agriculture[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(10):1173-1183
[3]CHOU C H.The role of allelopathy in biochemical ecology:Experience from Taiwan[J].Biologia Plantarum,1989,31(6):458-470
[4]Einhellig F A.Mechanism of action of allelochemicals in allelopathy[J].ACS Symp Ser,1995,582:96-116
[5]EINHELLIG F A.Interactions involving allelopathy in cropping systems[J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88(6):886-893
[6]林文雄,熊君,周军建,等.化感植物根际生物学特性研究现状与展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(4):1-8LIN W X,XIONG J,ZHOU J J,et al.Research status and its perspective on the properties of rhizosphere biology mediated by allelopathic plants[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2007,15(4):1-8
[7]林文雄,陈婷,周明明.农业生态学的新视野[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):253-264LIN W X,CHEN T,ZHOU M M.New dimensions in agroecology[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(3):253-264
[8]DUKE S O.Allelopathy:Current status of research and future of the discipline:A commentary[J].Allelopathy Journal,2010,25(1):17-30
[9]丁永川.设施番茄连作障碍及防控农艺技术研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012DING Y C.Study of succession cropping obstacle and protection agronomic technology in protected tomato[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2012
[10]葛晓颖,孙志刚,李涛,等.设施番茄连作障碍与土壤芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌及微生物群落的关系分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(3):514-523GE X Y,SUN Z G,LI T,et al.Soil Pseudomonas spp.,Bacillus spp.,and microbial communities under tomato continuous cropping in greenhouse production[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(3):514-523
[11]张若宇.番茄可溶性固形物和硬度的高光谱成像检测[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014ZHANG R Y.Detection of soluble solids content and firmness of tomato using hyperspectral imaging[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014
[12]喻景权,杜尧舜.蔬菜设施栽培可持续发展中的连作障碍问题[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2000,31(1):124-126YU J Q,DU Y S.Soil-sickness problem in the sustainable development for the protected production of vegetables[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2000,31(1):124-126
[13]王芳.茄子连作障碍机理研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003WANG F.The mechanism of eggplant(Solanum Melongena L.)replanting problem[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2003
[14]高玲,刘迪发,徐丽.黄秋葵研究进展与前景[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(11):22-29GAO L,LIU D F,XU L.Research progress and prospects of okra[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2014,34(11):22-29
[15]陈仁柳.福建省黄秋葵高效生产技术研究及推广[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014CHEN R L.Study on the efficiency cultivation techniques and generalization of Okra in Fujian Province[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2014
[16]刘东祥,叶花兰,刘国道.黄秋葵的应用价值及栽培技术研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(15):3718-3720LIU D X,YE H L,LIU G D.Review of the application value and cultivation technique of okra[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(15):3718-3720
[17]张金燕,孙雪婷,陈军文,等.连作三七根际土壤化感物质检测及其提取液对三种作物种子萌发的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(7):1178-1184ZHANG J Y,SUN X T,CHEN J W,et al.Allelochemical detection from rhizosphere soil of continuous-cropping Panax notoginseng and effects of the extracts on seed germination of three crops[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2017,48(7):1178-1184
[18]周亮,李朝晖,魏宝阳,等.景天三七水培营养液配方研究[J].湖南农业科学,2017,(5):25-27ZHOU L,LI Z H,WEI B Y,et al.Study on hydropinic nurtient solution formula of Sedum.k.F[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2017,(5):25-27
[19]石婷婷,翟奥博,赵文,等.达氏鳇大型鱼体剥制标本的制作研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(2):205-210SHI T T,ZHAI A B,ZHAO W,et al.Stripped specimen preparation of large Kaluga Huso dauricus[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2017,32(2):205-210
[20]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000LI H S.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000
[21]李锋,李木英,潘晓华,等.不同水稻品种幼苗适应低磷胁迫的根系生理生化特性[J].中国水稻科学,2004,18(1):48-52LI F,LI M Y,PAN X H,et al.Biochemical and physiological characteristics in seedlings roots of different rice cultivars under low-phosphorus stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2004,18(1):48-52
[22]张恩和,张新慧,王惠珍.不同基因型春蚕豆对磷胁迫的适应性反应[J].生态学报,2004,24(8):1589-1593ZHANG E H,ZHANG X H,WANG H Z.Adaptable effects of phosphorus stress on different genotypes of faba-bean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(8):1589-1593
[23]周晓星.柳属植物对重金属镉胁迫的生长与生理响应[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012ZHOU X X.Growth and physiological responses of Salix to cadmium stress[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2012
[24]CLAUSSEN W.Growth,water use efficiency,and proline content of hydroponically grown tomato plants as affected by nitrogen source and nutrient concentration[J].Plant and Soil,2002,247(2):199-209
[25]刘艳阳,李俊周,陈磊,等.低温胁迫对小麦叶片细胞膜脂质过氧化产物及相关酶活性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(4):70-73LIU Y Y,LI J Z,CHEN L,et al.Effect of low temperature stress on peroxidation product of membrane lipids and activity of related enzymes in wheat seedling leaves[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2006,26(4):70-73
[26]陈锋,孟永杰,帅海威,等.植物化感物质对种子萌发的影响及其生态学意义[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):36-46CHEN F,MENG Y J,SHUAI H W,et al.Effect of plant allelochemicals on seed germination and its ecological significance[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(1):36-46
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