长江流域的主要人类活动干扰、水生态系统健康与水生态保护
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摘要
探讨了长江流域目前面临的主要水生态与环境问题、长江流域主要的人类活动干扰及其影响和水生态大保护三个方面的内容。当前,长江流域的主要水生态与环境问题体现在水文和泥沙的自然规律发生变化及污染物影响下相应的水体物理、化学和生物问题。水电开发、航运发展,沿江工业、采矿业、农业及城镇化、渔业捕捞等是影响长江水生态系统健康的主要人类活动干扰因子。根据长江流域的实际情况,参照国际大河(如密西西比河)流域的生态保护与治理经验,建议长江流域水生态大保护主要从腾让和修复水生态空间、恢复鱼类等水生生物资源,以及加强沿江产业绿色转型与升级等方面入手,同时要加强相关立法的建设。
Key aquatic and environmental problems currently faced, and anthropogenic disturbance and aquaticecosystems conservation strategies for the Yangtze River basin in China are presented in this article. With theshifts of natural flow regimes and sediments, and discharge of pollutants, the Yangtze River basin has confronteda series of physical, chemical, and biological problems. Key contributors of these impacts include hydropowerand dam development, ships and navigation, industry, agriculture and urbanization along the Yangtze River, andover exploitation of fishery resources. In accordance with the current situation of the Yangtze River basin andrestoration experience in international large rivers(e.g., the Mississippi River basin), the following conservationstrategies for the Yangtze River basin are suggested: increasing and restoring aquatic eco-regions, restoring fishand other aquatic creature resources, promoting the development of green industries along the Yangtze River,and establishing comprehensive regulation systems.
Key aquatic and environmental problems currently faced, and anthropogenic disturbance and aquaticecosystems conservation strategies for the Yangtze River basin in China are presented in this article. With theshifts of natural flow regimes and sediments, and discharge of pollutants, the Yangtze River basin has confronteda series of physical, chemical, and biological problems. Key contributors of these impacts include hydropowerand dam development, ships and navigation, industry, agriculture and urbanization along the Yangtze River, andover exploitation of fishery resources. In accordance with the current situation of the Yangtze River basin andrestoration experience in international large rivers(e.g., the Mississippi River basin), the following conservationstrategies for the Yangtze River basin are suggested: increasing and restoring aquatic eco-regions, restoring fishand other aquatic creature resources, promoting the development of green industries along the Yangtze River,and establishing comprehensive regulation systems.
引文
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[27]长江渔业资源管理委员会.设立长江禁渔期专业捕捞渔民生活补偿制度的建议[J].中国水产,2012(2):11-12.
[28]陈进.长江流域大型水库群统一蓄水问题探讨[J].中国水利,2010(8):10-13.
[29]陈敏.长江流域水库群联合调度实践的分析与思考[J].中国防汛抗旱,2017,27(1):40-44.
[30]徐勤勤,马水山.强化长江流域河道采砂现场监管工作对策[J].中国水利,2010(21):27-30.
[31]薛嘉伟,赵爽.长江流域非法采砂联防控法律制度的构建[J].长江论坛,2018(1):67-73.
[2]CHEN,Y,S.ZHANG S H,HUANG D S,et al.The development of China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt:How to make it in a green way?[J].Science Bulletin,2017,62(9):648-651.
[3]CHEN,Y S.GUO C B,YE S W et al.Construction:Limit China’s sand mining[J].Nature,2017,550(7677):457-457.
[4]陈进.长江流域水资源调控与水库群调度[J].水利学报,2018,49(1):2-8.
[5]姚磊,陈盼盼,胡利利,等.长江上游流域水电开发现状与存在的问题[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2016,35(2):91-97.
[6]张沛文.长江流域的航运发展与航道规划建设经验[J].水运工程,2007,409(11):91-96.
[7]杨邦杰,严以新,安雪晖.长江流域“黄金水道”问题分析及对策建议[J].中国发展,2015,15(1):1-7.
[8]尹维清,戴昌军,钱俊.长江流域航运发展规划方案研究[J].人民长江,2013,44(10):76-79.
[9]长江经济带化工园区分布及发展状况[EB/OL].[2018-05-29]http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20180529/901268.shtml.
[10]邹辉,段学军,赵海霞,等.长三角地区污染密集型产业空间演变及其对污染排放格局的影响[J].中国科学院大学学报,2016,33(5):703-710.
[11]皮玉发.关于将宜昌市建成长江流域最大的非金属矿业大市的对策[J].资源与产业,2001(5):13-14.
[12]刘明辉,刘灿.长江流域城镇化外溢与环境库兹涅茨曲线[J].现代经济探讨,2017(6):104-115.
[13]刘新平,谢小立,易爱军.长江流域商品粮基地建设与农业持续发展[J].长江流域资源与环境,1999,8(2):185-190.
[14]刘馨秋,王思明.长江流域的人口迁移、农业开发及土地利用方式[J].草业科学,2013,30(12):2084-2090.
[15]高昌海,刘新平,谢光辉.长江流域农业地域分异及专业化生产研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2000,9(3):332-338.
[16]张原,申佳静.非法采砂正掏空中国江河[J].生态经济,2017,33(10):6-9.
[17]刘均卫,刘涛,张妍妍.长江干线城市港口岸线综合利用分析[J].人民长江,2015,46(3):52-56.
[18]陈诚,甄云鹏.江苏省长江岸线资源利用变化及合理性分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(4):633-642.
[19]王学雷,宁龙梅,肖锐.洪湖湿地恢复中的生态水位控制与江湖联系研究[J].湿地科学,2008,6(2):316-320.
[20]常剑波,曹文宣.通江湖泊的渔业意义及其资源管理对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,1999,8(2):153-157.
[21]王利民,胡慧建,王丁.江湖阻隔对涨渡湖区鱼类资源的生态影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005(3):1-6.
[22]曹杰.长江流域渔政管理与渔业资源保护浅析[J].中国水产,2018(4):26-29.
[23]马为军.沿江六省市首次同步大规模增殖放流[J].中国水产,2002(7):1-2.
[24]农业部渔业局.海洋伏季休渔和长江禁渔的背景和成效[J].中国渔业经济,2005(3):23-24.
[25]SHRESTHA,S,FARRELLY J,EGGLETON M,et al.Effects of conservation wetlands on stream habitat,water quality and fish communities in agricultural watersheds of the lower Mississippi River Basin[J].Ecological Engineering,2017(107):99-109.
[26]长江渔业资源管理委员会.实施长江禁渔期制度助推长江渔业资源恢复[J].中国水产,2011(11):13-15.
[27]长江渔业资源管理委员会.设立长江禁渔期专业捕捞渔民生活补偿制度的建议[J].中国水产,2012(2):11-12.
[28]陈进.长江流域大型水库群统一蓄水问题探讨[J].中国水利,2010(8):10-13.
[29]陈敏.长江流域水库群联合调度实践的分析与思考[J].中国防汛抗旱,2017,27(1):40-44.
[30]徐勤勤,马水山.强化长江流域河道采砂现场监管工作对策[J].中国水利,2010(21):27-30.
[31]薛嘉伟,赵爽.长江流域非法采砂联防控法律制度的构建[J].长江论坛,2018(1):67-73.