内河生态航道建设理论框架及关键问题
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摘要
内河航道建设对河流生态的影响日趋显著,以往的内河航道建设主要集中于航道整治构筑物的结构设计和内河航道护岸型式的研究,而忽略了其对河流生态系统的影响.目前,内河航道生态化建设相对滞后,内河生态航道建设应坚持环境保护和生态航运理念,将生态建设贯穿内河航道建设与运行的全过程.内河生态航道建设以维护河流生态系统的稳定为基础,针对内河生态航道建设研究涉及的河湖水系连通、航道形态改变、河湖生境质量等热点与关键问题,本文通过明确生态航道建设的科学内涵与目标,确定航道建设工程对河流生态环境影响的关键指标体系,构建内河生态航道建设技术框架,提出了未来我国内河生态航道建设需重点关注航道建设与运行过程中所涉及的航道建设标准、评价理论、设计技术等关键技术问题.
Construction of inland waterway gradually affects river ecosystems.Traditional inland waterway construction mainly focuses on structural design of channel improvement and revetment types.Inland waterway construction should be implemented in accordance with environmental protection and ecological navigation principles.Construction of ecological inland waterway should be carried out to maintain stability of river ecosystem.Crucial technical framework could be established through certain indicator system which can accurately reflect influence of inland waterway construction on river ecosystem.Future studies of inland waterway construction should pay attention on waterway construction standard,evaluation theory and design techniques.
Construction of inland waterway gradually affects river ecosystems.Traditional inland waterway construction mainly focuses on structural design of channel improvement and revetment types.Inland waterway construction should be implemented in accordance with environmental protection and ecological navigation principles.Construction of ecological inland waterway should be carried out to maintain stability of river ecosystem.Crucial technical framework could be established through certain indicator system which can accurately reflect influence of inland waterway construction on river ecosystem.Future studies of inland waterway construction should pay attention on waterway construction standard,evaluation theory and design techniques.
引文
[1]董哲仁.河流治理生态工程学的发展沿革与趋势[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(1):39
[2] SVETLANA M,MIRJANA G,MILAN M.Policy and promotion of sustainable inland waterway transport inEurope-Danube River[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,15(4):1801
[3] JI S C,OUAHSINE A,SMAOUI H,et al.Impacts of ship movement on the sediment transport in shipping channel[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,26(5):706
[4]刘均卫.长江生态航道发展探析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(1):9
[5]王韶伟,徐劲草,许新宜.河流生态修复浅议[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(5/6):626
[6] BARBARA A S. Assessing the ecological values of rivers:an application of a multi-criteria approach to rivers of the South Coast Region, Western Australia[J].Biodiversity Conservation,2011,20(3):3165
[7]崔保山,蔡燕子,谢湉,等.湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(6):738
[8]刘冰冰,李怡,吴宇雷,等.论内河航运的可持续发展[J].水道港口,2015,36(2):133
[9] HEIN T,SCHWARZ U, HABERSACK H,et al.Current status and restoration options for floodplains along the Danube River[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,543(1):778
[10] WEBER A,GARCIA X F, WOLTER C. Habitat rehabilitation in urban waterways:the ecological potential of bank protection structures for benthic invertebrates[J].Urban Ecosystems,2017,20(4):759
[11]中华人民共和国交通运输部.交通运输行业发展统计公报[A].北京:交通运输部综合规划司,2000—2016
[12] HUDSON P F,HEIMULLER F T,LEITCH M B.Hydrologic connectivity of oxbow lakes along the lower Guadalupe River,Texas:the influence of geomorphic and climatic controls on the“flood pulse concept”[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,414(11):174
[13] LYTTE D A,MERRITT D M,TONKIN J D,et al.Linking river flow regimes to riparian plant guilds:a community-wide modeling approach[J]. Ecological Applications,2017,27(4):1338
[14] HWAN J L,CARLSON S M.Fragmentation of an intermittent stream during seasonal drought:intra-annual and interannual patterns and biological consequences[J]. River Research and Applications,2015,32(5):856
[15] BELNAP J, WELTER J R,GRIMM N B,et al.Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semiarid watersheds[J].Ecology,2005,86(2):298
[16] HABERSACK H, HEIN T,STANICA A,et al.Challenges of river basin management:current status of,and prospects for,the River Danube from a river engineering perspective[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,543(1):828
[17]李英华,杨志峰,崔保山.广州南沙地区湿地生态特征现状分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(4):534
[18] PETER D,SUSAN L,JODI T,et al.Reconstruction of historical riverine sediment production on the goldfields of Victoria,Australia[J].Anthropocene,2018,21:1
[19] DARREN S B,MARK F.Rehabilitation options for inland waterways impacted by sulfidic sediments-a synthesis[J].Journal of Environment Management,2009,91(2):311
[20] ROBERT J R,DARREN S B,NICK R B,et al.A framework for evaluating food-web responses to hydrological manipulations in riverine systems[J].Journal of Environment Management, 2017, 203(1):136
[21] HEMRI S,KLEIN B.Analog-based postprocessing of navigation-related hydrological ensemble forecasts[J].Water Resources Research,2017,53(11):9059
[22] RAHMAN M A,JAUMANN L,LERCHE N,et al.Selection of the best inland waterway structure:a multicriteria decision analysis approach[J]. Water Resources Management,2015,29(8):2733
[23] CASTELLO L,MCGRATH D G,HESS L L,et al.The vulnerability of Amazon freshwater ecosystems[J].Conservation Letters,2013,6(4):217
[24] HARVOLK S,SYMMANK L,SUNDERMEIER A,et al.Human impact on plant biodiversity in functional floodplains of heavily modified rivers:a comparative study along German federal waterways[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,84:463
[25] MACNAUGHTON C J,LAVOIE S H,SENAY C,et al.A comparison of electrofishing and visual surveying methods for estimating fish community structure in temperate rivers[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(8):1040
[26] KITTO J A J,GRAY D P,GREIG H S,et al.Metacommunity theory and stream restoration:evidence that spatialpositionconstrainsstreaminvertebrate communities in a mine impacted landscape[J].Restoration Ecology,2015,23(3):284
[27] SCHEEPERS H,WANG J,KUO C C.The impact of climate change on inland waterway transport:effects of low water levels on the Mackenzie River[J].Journal of Hydrology,2018,566:285
[28] GARNIER M,HARPER D M,BLASKOVICOVA L,et al.Climate change and European water bodies,a review of existing gaps and future research needs:findingsoftheClimateWaterProject[J].Environmental Management,2015,56(2):271
[29] DOREVITCH S,BARKER S,JONES R M,et al.Water quality as a predictor of gastrointestinal illness following incidental contact water recreation[J].Water Research,2015,83(15):94
[30] ROO S D,TROCH P.Evaluation of the effectiveness of a living shoreline in a confined,non-tidal waterway subject to heavy shipping traffic[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(8):1028
[31] GABEL F,LORENZ S,STOLL S.Effects of shipinduced waves on aquatic ecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,601(1):926
[32] LIEDERMANN M,TRITTHART M,GMEINER P,et al.Typification of vessel-induced waves and their interaction withdifferentbanktypes, including management implications for river restoration projects[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,729(11):17
[33] MORRIS M,MOHAMMADI M H,DAY S,et al.Prediction of glosssoma biomass spatial distribution in Valley Creek by field measurements and a threedimensional turbulent open-channel flow model[J].Water Resources Research,2015,51(3):1457
[34] KEUKEN M P,MOERMAN M,JONKERS J,et al.Impact of inland shipping emissions on elemental carbon concentrations near waterway in the Netherlands[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,95:1
[35] PARKER J,EPIFANIO J,CASPER A,et al.The effects of improved water quality on fish assemblages in a heavily modified larger river system[J]. River Research and Applications,2016,32(5):992
[36] MARLOW D R, MOGLIA M, COOK S,et al.Towards sustainable urban water management:a critical reassessment[J].Water Research,2013,47(2):7150
[37] RICKSON R J.Can control of soil erosion mitigate water pollution by sediments?[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468(15):1187
[38] MOHAMMAD A R,LENA J,NILS L,et al.Selection of the best inland waterway structure:a multucriteria decision analysis approach[J]. Water Resources Management,2015,29(8):2733
[39] WEBER A,ZHANG J,NARDIN A,et al.Modelling the influence of aquatic vegetation on the hydrodynamics of an alternative bank protection measure in a navigable waterway[J].River Research and Applications,2016,32(10):2071
[40] WEBER A, WOLTER C.Habitat rehabilitation for juvenile fish in urban waterways:a case study from Berlin,Germany[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33(1):136
[41] ROO S D,TROCH P.Evaluation of the effectiveness of a living shoreline in a confined,non-tidal waterway subject to heavy shipping traffic[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(8):1028
[42] LINDE F,OUAHSINE A,HUYBRECHTS N,et al.Three-dimensionalnumericalsimulationofship resistance in restricted waterways:effect of ship sinkage and channel restriction[J].Journal of waterway,port,coastal,and ocean engineering,2016,143(1):56
[43] NIGEL J W,PYGOTT E.Inter-relationships between standing crop,biodiversity and trait attributes of hydrophytic vegetation in artificial waterways[J].Freshwater Biology,2001,46(7):883
[44]李向阳,郭胜娟.内河航道整治工程鱼类栖息地保护探析[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(3):26
[45] RAMYAVARDHANEE C,MATTHEW J H,PING W,et al. Geographic isolation of Escherichia coli genotypes in sediments and water of the Seven Mile Creek:a constructed riverine watershed[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,538(15):78
[46] BENEDETTO S, MARTINA T,EMANUCLA V.Italian aquaculture and the diffusion of alien species:costs and benefits[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,47(12):3718
[47]杨建东,裴金林,许乐华.基于航道及通航影响的采砂方案优化[J].水运工程,2014,498(12):147
[48] RIQUELME S M,SLOBBE E, WERNERS S E.Adaptation turning points on inland waterway transport in the Rhine River[J].Journal of Water and Climate Change,2015,6(4):670
[49] SUKHODOLOVA T,WEBER A,ZHANG J X,et al.Effects of macrophyte development on the oxygen metabolism of an urban river rehabilitation structure[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,574(1):1125
[50] GABEL F,GARCIA X F,SCHNAUDER I,et al.Effects of ship-induced waves on littoral benthic invertebrates[J]. Freshwater Biology, 2012, 57(12):2425
[51] VEENSTRA A W,MEIJEREN J,HARMSEN J,et al.Fostering cooperation in inland waterway networks:a gaming and simulation approach[J].Transport of Water versus Transport over Water,2015,58(1):463
[52] LI J Y,NOTTEBOOM T E,JACOBS W.China in transition:institutional change at work in inland waterway transport on the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2014,40:17
[53] FURKAN O,HEATHER N.Economic impact analysis of inland waterway disruption response[J]. The Engineering Economist,2017,62(1):73
[54] JIANG Y L,LU J,CAI Y T,et al.Analysis of the impacts of different modes of governance on inland waterway transport development on the Pearl River:The Yangtze River Mode vs.the Pearl River Mode[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2018,71:235
[55] LI T H,DING Y,XIA W.An integrated method for waterway health assessment:a case in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River,China[J].Physical Geography,2017,39(1):67
[2] SVETLANA M,MIRJANA G,MILAN M.Policy and promotion of sustainable inland waterway transport inEurope-Danube River[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,15(4):1801
[3] JI S C,OUAHSINE A,SMAOUI H,et al.Impacts of ship movement on the sediment transport in shipping channel[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,26(5):706
[4]刘均卫.长江生态航道发展探析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(1):9
[5]王韶伟,徐劲草,许新宜.河流生态修复浅议[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(5/6):626
[6] BARBARA A S. Assessing the ecological values of rivers:an application of a multi-criteria approach to rivers of the South Coast Region, Western Australia[J].Biodiversity Conservation,2011,20(3):3165
[7]崔保山,蔡燕子,谢湉,等.湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(6):738
[8]刘冰冰,李怡,吴宇雷,等.论内河航运的可持续发展[J].水道港口,2015,36(2):133
[9] HEIN T,SCHWARZ U, HABERSACK H,et al.Current status and restoration options for floodplains along the Danube River[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,543(1):778
[10] WEBER A,GARCIA X F, WOLTER C. Habitat rehabilitation in urban waterways:the ecological potential of bank protection structures for benthic invertebrates[J].Urban Ecosystems,2017,20(4):759
[11]中华人民共和国交通运输部.交通运输行业发展统计公报[A].北京:交通运输部综合规划司,2000—2016
[12] HUDSON P F,HEIMULLER F T,LEITCH M B.Hydrologic connectivity of oxbow lakes along the lower Guadalupe River,Texas:the influence of geomorphic and climatic controls on the“flood pulse concept”[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,414(11):174
[13] LYTTE D A,MERRITT D M,TONKIN J D,et al.Linking river flow regimes to riparian plant guilds:a community-wide modeling approach[J]. Ecological Applications,2017,27(4):1338
[14] HWAN J L,CARLSON S M.Fragmentation of an intermittent stream during seasonal drought:intra-annual and interannual patterns and biological consequences[J]. River Research and Applications,2015,32(5):856
[15] BELNAP J, WELTER J R,GRIMM N B,et al.Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semiarid watersheds[J].Ecology,2005,86(2):298
[16] HABERSACK H, HEIN T,STANICA A,et al.Challenges of river basin management:current status of,and prospects for,the River Danube from a river engineering perspective[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,543(1):828
[17]李英华,杨志峰,崔保山.广州南沙地区湿地生态特征现状分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(4):534
[18] PETER D,SUSAN L,JODI T,et al.Reconstruction of historical riverine sediment production on the goldfields of Victoria,Australia[J].Anthropocene,2018,21:1
[19] DARREN S B,MARK F.Rehabilitation options for inland waterways impacted by sulfidic sediments-a synthesis[J].Journal of Environment Management,2009,91(2):311
[20] ROBERT J R,DARREN S B,NICK R B,et al.A framework for evaluating food-web responses to hydrological manipulations in riverine systems[J].Journal of Environment Management, 2017, 203(1):136
[21] HEMRI S,KLEIN B.Analog-based postprocessing of navigation-related hydrological ensemble forecasts[J].Water Resources Research,2017,53(11):9059
[22] RAHMAN M A,JAUMANN L,LERCHE N,et al.Selection of the best inland waterway structure:a multicriteria decision analysis approach[J]. Water Resources Management,2015,29(8):2733
[23] CASTELLO L,MCGRATH D G,HESS L L,et al.The vulnerability of Amazon freshwater ecosystems[J].Conservation Letters,2013,6(4):217
[24] HARVOLK S,SYMMANK L,SUNDERMEIER A,et al.Human impact on plant biodiversity in functional floodplains of heavily modified rivers:a comparative study along German federal waterways[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,84:463
[25] MACNAUGHTON C J,LAVOIE S H,SENAY C,et al.A comparison of electrofishing and visual surveying methods for estimating fish community structure in temperate rivers[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(8):1040
[26] KITTO J A J,GRAY D P,GREIG H S,et al.Metacommunity theory and stream restoration:evidence that spatialpositionconstrainsstreaminvertebrate communities in a mine impacted landscape[J].Restoration Ecology,2015,23(3):284
[27] SCHEEPERS H,WANG J,KUO C C.The impact of climate change on inland waterway transport:effects of low water levels on the Mackenzie River[J].Journal of Hydrology,2018,566:285
[28] GARNIER M,HARPER D M,BLASKOVICOVA L,et al.Climate change and European water bodies,a review of existing gaps and future research needs:findingsoftheClimateWaterProject[J].Environmental Management,2015,56(2):271
[29] DOREVITCH S,BARKER S,JONES R M,et al.Water quality as a predictor of gastrointestinal illness following incidental contact water recreation[J].Water Research,2015,83(15):94
[30] ROO S D,TROCH P.Evaluation of the effectiveness of a living shoreline in a confined,non-tidal waterway subject to heavy shipping traffic[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(8):1028
[31] GABEL F,LORENZ S,STOLL S.Effects of shipinduced waves on aquatic ecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,601(1):926
[32] LIEDERMANN M,TRITTHART M,GMEINER P,et al.Typification of vessel-induced waves and their interaction withdifferentbanktypes, including management implications for river restoration projects[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,729(11):17
[33] MORRIS M,MOHAMMADI M H,DAY S,et al.Prediction of glosssoma biomass spatial distribution in Valley Creek by field measurements and a threedimensional turbulent open-channel flow model[J].Water Resources Research,2015,51(3):1457
[34] KEUKEN M P,MOERMAN M,JONKERS J,et al.Impact of inland shipping emissions on elemental carbon concentrations near waterway in the Netherlands[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,95:1
[35] PARKER J,EPIFANIO J,CASPER A,et al.The effects of improved water quality on fish assemblages in a heavily modified larger river system[J]. River Research and Applications,2016,32(5):992
[36] MARLOW D R, MOGLIA M, COOK S,et al.Towards sustainable urban water management:a critical reassessment[J].Water Research,2013,47(2):7150
[37] RICKSON R J.Can control of soil erosion mitigate water pollution by sediments?[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468(15):1187
[38] MOHAMMAD A R,LENA J,NILS L,et al.Selection of the best inland waterway structure:a multucriteria decision analysis approach[J]. Water Resources Management,2015,29(8):2733
[39] WEBER A,ZHANG J,NARDIN A,et al.Modelling the influence of aquatic vegetation on the hydrodynamics of an alternative bank protection measure in a navigable waterway[J].River Research and Applications,2016,32(10):2071
[40] WEBER A, WOLTER C.Habitat rehabilitation for juvenile fish in urban waterways:a case study from Berlin,Germany[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33(1):136
[41] ROO S D,TROCH P.Evaluation of the effectiveness of a living shoreline in a confined,non-tidal waterway subject to heavy shipping traffic[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(8):1028
[42] LINDE F,OUAHSINE A,HUYBRECHTS N,et al.Three-dimensionalnumericalsimulationofship resistance in restricted waterways:effect of ship sinkage and channel restriction[J].Journal of waterway,port,coastal,and ocean engineering,2016,143(1):56
[43] NIGEL J W,PYGOTT E.Inter-relationships between standing crop,biodiversity and trait attributes of hydrophytic vegetation in artificial waterways[J].Freshwater Biology,2001,46(7):883
[44]李向阳,郭胜娟.内河航道整治工程鱼类栖息地保护探析[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(3):26
[45] RAMYAVARDHANEE C,MATTHEW J H,PING W,et al. Geographic isolation of Escherichia coli genotypes in sediments and water of the Seven Mile Creek:a constructed riverine watershed[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,538(15):78
[46] BENEDETTO S, MARTINA T,EMANUCLA V.Italian aquaculture and the diffusion of alien species:costs and benefits[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,47(12):3718
[47]杨建东,裴金林,许乐华.基于航道及通航影响的采砂方案优化[J].水运工程,2014,498(12):147
[48] RIQUELME S M,SLOBBE E, WERNERS S E.Adaptation turning points on inland waterway transport in the Rhine River[J].Journal of Water and Climate Change,2015,6(4):670
[49] SUKHODOLOVA T,WEBER A,ZHANG J X,et al.Effects of macrophyte development on the oxygen metabolism of an urban river rehabilitation structure[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,574(1):1125
[50] GABEL F,GARCIA X F,SCHNAUDER I,et al.Effects of ship-induced waves on littoral benthic invertebrates[J]. Freshwater Biology, 2012, 57(12):2425
[51] VEENSTRA A W,MEIJEREN J,HARMSEN J,et al.Fostering cooperation in inland waterway networks:a gaming and simulation approach[J].Transport of Water versus Transport over Water,2015,58(1):463
[52] LI J Y,NOTTEBOOM T E,JACOBS W.China in transition:institutional change at work in inland waterway transport on the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2014,40:17
[53] FURKAN O,HEATHER N.Economic impact analysis of inland waterway disruption response[J]. The Engineering Economist,2017,62(1):73
[54] JIANG Y L,LU J,CAI Y T,et al.Analysis of the impacts of different modes of governance on inland waterway transport development on the Pearl River:The Yangtze River Mode vs.the Pearl River Mode[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2018,71:235
[55] LI T H,DING Y,XIA W.An integrated method for waterway health assessment:a case in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River,China[J].Physical Geography,2017,39(1):67