气孔率对湿式纸基摩擦材料性能的影响
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摘要
制备了由芳纶浆粕增强的气孔率不同的3种湿式纸基摩擦材料,采用改进油浸法测定湿式纸基摩擦材料的气孔率,探究了气孔率对湿式纸基摩擦材料的压缩回弹性、导热性、黏弹性以及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,随着气孔率的增大,湿式纸基摩擦材料的压缩率升高,回弹率降低,导热系数增大,达到0. 998 W/(m·K),损耗因子tanδ也升高;随着气孔率的增大,湿式纸基摩擦材料摩擦因数增大,但摩擦因数的稳定性降低;虽然磨损率会随气孔率的增大而升高,但芳纶浆粕的加入,使磨损率远低于国家标准。湿式纸基摩擦材料气孔率为41. 92%时,压缩率为17. 50%,回弹率为55. 47%,导热系数为0. 565 W/(m·K),动、静摩擦因数分别为0. 125、0. 135,磨损率为1. 23×10~(-8)cm~3/J,摩擦过程也较为平稳。综合分析,湿式纸基摩擦材料的气孔率控制在40%左右时各性能最均衡。
Three groups of paper-based wet friction materials enhanced by aramid pulp with different porosity were prepared. The porosity of the samples was determined by improved oil immersion method. The effects of porosity on compression recovery property,thermal conductivity,viscoelasticity,friction and wear performance of paper-based wet friction materials were investigated. The results showed that,with the increase of porosity,the compressibility increased,the recovery rate became lower,the thermal conductivity increased to 0. 998 W/( m·K),and the loss factor tanδ also increased. As the porosity increased,the friction coefficient of the sample improved,but the stability of the friction coefficient decreased. Although the wear rate increased with the increase of porosity,the addition of aramid pulp resulted in a wear rate that was far lower than the national standard. When the porosity of sample was 41. 92%,the compressibility was 17. 50%,the recovery rate was 55. 47%,the thermal conductivity coefficient was 0. 565 W/( m·K),the dynamic and static friction coefficients were 0. 125 and 0. 135 respectively,and the wear rate was 1. 23 × 10~(-8) cm~3/J,and the friction process was also stable. In summary,the porosity of paper-based wet friction materials should be controlled at about 40% to achieve the optimal performance.
Three groups of paper-based wet friction materials enhanced by aramid pulp with different porosity were prepared. The porosity of the samples was determined by improved oil immersion method. The effects of porosity on compression recovery property,thermal conductivity,viscoelasticity,friction and wear performance of paper-based wet friction materials were investigated. The results showed that,with the increase of porosity,the compressibility increased,the recovery rate became lower,the thermal conductivity increased to 0. 998 W/( m·K),and the loss factor tanδ also increased. As the porosity increased,the friction coefficient of the sample improved,but the stability of the friction coefficient decreased. Although the wear rate increased with the increase of porosity,the addition of aramid pulp resulted in a wear rate that was far lower than the national standard. When the porosity of sample was 41. 92%,the compressibility was 17. 50%,the recovery rate was 55. 47%,the thermal conductivity coefficient was 0. 565 W/( m·K),the dynamic and static friction coefficients were 0. 125 and 0. 135 respectively,and the wear rate was 1. 23 × 10~(-8) cm~3/J,and the friction process was also stable. In summary,the porosity of paper-based wet friction materials should be controlled at about 40% to achieve the optimal performance.
引文
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[3]Fujii Y,Tobler W,Snyder T.Prediction of wet band brake dynamic engagement behaviour Part 1:mathematical model development[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2001,215(4):479.
[4]HU Jian,ZHANG Zeng.Manufacture of Paper-based Friction Material[J].China Pulp&Paper,2004,23(2):24.胡健,张曾.混合纤维纸基复合摩擦材料的研究[J].中国造纸,2004,23(2):24.
[5]WANG Beibei,LU Zhaoqing,CHEN Jie.Friction and Wear Properties of Paper-based Friction Materials[J].China Pulp&Paper,2015,34(3):25.王贝贝,陆赵情,陈杰.纸基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的研究[J].中国造纸,2015,34(3):25.
[6]Matsumoto T.Influence of paper-based friction material visco-elasticity on the performance of a wet clutch[J].SAE Transactions,1997:1819.
[7]Milayzaki T,Matsumoto T,Yamamoto T.Effect of visco-elastic property on friction characteristics of paper-based friction materials for oil immersed clutches[J].Journal of Tribology,1998,120(2):393.
[8]Chiba N,Kano M,Inoue M.Mechanism of compression fatigue of wet friction materials[J].JSAE Review,2001,22(2):169.
[9]Matsumoto T.The influence of paper-based friction material porosity on the performance of a wet clutch[R].SAE Technical Paper,1994.
[10]Deng H J,Li X Q,Li M.Influence of Porosity of Paper-based Friction Materials on Compressure-resilience and Tribology Properties[J].Tribology,2007,27(6):544邓海金,李雪芹,李明.孔隙率对纸基摩擦材料压缩回弹和摩擦磨损性能影响的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):544.
[11]Li H J,Fei J,Qi L H,et al.Effect of Porosity Percentage on the Friction and Wear Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Paperbased Friction Materials[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2007,22(6):1159李贺军,费杰,齐乐华,等.孔隙率对碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].无机材料学报,2007,22(6):1159.
[12]Wang S Z.Application of PPTA Fibers in Frictional Material[J].Hi-tech Fiber&Application,1999,24(3):6.王曙中.芳纶在摩擦材料中的应用[J].高科技纤维与应用,1999,24(3):6.
[13]Bao M A,Zhu J.Wear mechanisms of kevlar pulp reinforced phenolic resin friction materials[J].Tribology,2001,21(3):305.
[14]Deng H J,Li X Q,Ren G,et al.Influence of contents of fiber and resin,and porosity of paper-based friction materials on the compressive and resilient properties[J].Physical Testing&Chemical Analysis Part A Physical Testing,2005,41(2):55.邓海金,李雪芹,任钢,等.纸基摩擦材料纤维树脂含量和孔隙率对压缩回弹性能的影响[J].理化检测物理分册,2005,41(2):55.
[15]Zhang J X.Study on Application of Aramid Pulp in Friction Materials[J].Non-Metallic Mines,1994(5):62.章景羲.芳纶浆粕在摩擦材料中的应用研究[J].非金属矿,1994(5):62.