不同林龄第2代杉木林枝叶凋落前的养分转移特征
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摘要
利用会同杉木林25年的定位测定的基础数据,探讨了不同林龄杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata(lamb) Hook)枝叶凋落前的养分转移特征,为人工林经营管理提供科学依据。结果表明:杉木枝叶凋落前年均养分转移量为3.22—31.89 kg hm~(-2) a~(-1),其中,叶占71.31%—94.41%,枝占5.59%—28.69%。枝的养分转移量随林龄增加而增加。林分20年生以前,叶的养分转移量呈上升趋势,20年生以后,呈下降趋势。枝的养分转移率为20.97%—22.59%,叶是22.98%—26.06%,枝和叶的养分转移率都随林龄增加而增大。各林龄段的枝的养分转移率差异不显著(P>0.05),叶的养分转移率除1—7年生与其他林龄段的差异显著(P<0.05),其余各林龄段之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。转移的元素量中,N和K占83.75%—84.25%,P、Ca、Mg占15.75%—16.25%。N、P、K、Ca、Mg的转移率分别为24.59%—34.53%,36.36%—46.64%,42.86%—51.27%,3.68%—7.35%,3.67%—9.56%。养分转移率主要受枝叶凋落前、后的养分浓度差值与枝叶凋落前的养分浓度控制,与凋落物量无关。养分的转移量不仅受枝叶凋落前、后的养分浓度差值的影响外,更多地取决于凋落物量,而且与杉木生长发育特征有很大的关联。
To provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of plantations, continuously determined basic data of 25 years on the characteristics of Chinese fir plantation, including information on nutrient transfer before branches and leaves wither, were studied, and the changes in nutrient transfer with forest age were discussed. The results showed that the annual average amount of nutrients transferred before the branches and leaves withered was 3.22 to 31.89 kg hm~(-2) yr~(-1), among which, the leaves accounted for 71.31% to 94.41% and branches for 5.59% to 28.69%. The amount of nutrient transfer in the branches increased with increasing forest age. Before 20 years of forest age, nutrient transfer rate of the leaves increased, and thereafter, it decreased. The nutrient transfer rate of the branches was 20.97% to 22.59%, and that of the leaves was 22.98% to 26.06%, and these increased with increasing forest age. There was no significant difference detected in nutrient resorption rate among the branches in different age groups and leaves older than 7 years(P > 0.05), except in plantations 1 to 7 years old(P < 0.05). Among the elements transferred, N and K accounted for 83.75% to 84.25%, and P, Ca, and Mg accounted for 15.75% to 16.25%. The transfer rates of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 24.59% to 34.53%, 36.36% to 46.64%, 42.86% to 51.27%, 3.68% to 7.35%, and 3.67% to 9.56%, respectively. The nutrient resorption rate was mainly controlled by the nutrient concentration differences between before and after leaf litter fall and nutrient concentration before leaf and branch abscission. However, the amount of nutrient translocation is not only affected by differences in nutrient concentration before and after litter fall, but also depends on the amount of litter fall and the growth status of Chinese fir plantations.
To provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of plantations, continuously determined basic data of 25 years on the characteristics of Chinese fir plantation, including information on nutrient transfer before branches and leaves wither, were studied, and the changes in nutrient transfer with forest age were discussed. The results showed that the annual average amount of nutrients transferred before the branches and leaves withered was 3.22 to 31.89 kg hm~(-2) yr~(-1), among which, the leaves accounted for 71.31% to 94.41% and branches for 5.59% to 28.69%. The amount of nutrient transfer in the branches increased with increasing forest age. Before 20 years of forest age, nutrient transfer rate of the leaves increased, and thereafter, it decreased. The nutrient transfer rate of the branches was 20.97% to 22.59%, and that of the leaves was 22.98% to 26.06%, and these increased with increasing forest age. There was no significant difference detected in nutrient resorption rate among the branches in different age groups and leaves older than 7 years(P > 0.05), except in plantations 1 to 7 years old(P < 0.05). Among the elements transferred, N and K accounted for 83.75% to 84.25%, and P, Ca, and Mg accounted for 15.75% to 16.25%. The transfer rates of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 24.59% to 34.53%, 36.36% to 46.64%, 42.86% to 51.27%, 3.68% to 7.35%, and 3.67% to 9.56%, respectively. The nutrient resorption rate was mainly controlled by the nutrient concentration differences between before and after leaf litter fall and nutrient concentration before leaf and branch abscission. However, the amount of nutrient translocation is not only affected by differences in nutrient concentration before and after litter fall, but also depends on the amount of litter fall and the growth status of Chinese fir plantations.
引文
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[2] Brant A N, Chen H Y H. Patterns and mechanisms of nutrient resorption in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2015, 34(5): 471- 486.
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[4] Chen H Y H, Brassard B W. Intrinsic and extrinsic controls of fine root life Span. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2013, 32(3): 151- 161.
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[7] 宗宁, 石培礼, 耿守保, 马维玲. 北方山区主要森林类型树木叶片氮、磷回收效率研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(4): 520- 529.
[8] 邓浩俊, 陈爱民, 严思维, 林勇明, 张广帅, 杜锟, 吴承祯, 洪伟. 不同林龄新银合欢重吸收率及其C:N:P化学计量特征. 应用与环境生物学报, 2015, 21(3): 522- 527.
[9] 邱岭军, 胡欢甜, 林宝平, 汪凤林, 林宇, 何宗明, 刘桌明. 不同林龄杉木养分重吸收率及其C: N: P化学计量特征. 西北林学院学报, 2017, 32(4): 22- 27.
[10] 林宝平, 何宗明, 林思祖, 胡欢甜, 邱岭军, 刘桌明. 不同林龄杉木针叶大量元素转移特征. 森林与环境学报, 2017, 37(1): 34- 39.
[11] Ye G F, Zhang S J, Zhang L H, Lin Y M, Wei S D, Liao M M, Lin G H. Age-related changes in nutrient resorption patterns and tannin concentration of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2012, 24(4): 546- 556.
[12] 曾德慧, 陈广生, 陈伏生, 赵琼, 冀小燕. 不同林龄樟子松叶片养分含量及其再吸收效率. 林业科学, 2005, 41(5): 21- 27.
[13] 周丽丽. 不同发育阶段杉木人工林养分内循环与周转利用效率的研究[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2014: 80- 82.
[14] Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre F T, Gallardo A, Bowker M A, Wallenstein M D, Quero J L, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, García-Gómez M, Soliveres S, García-Palacios P, Berdugo M, Valencia E, Escolar C, Arredondo T, Barraza-Zepeda C, Bran D, Carreira J A, Chaieb M, Concei??o A A, Derak M, Eldridge D J, Escudero A, Espinosa C I, Gaitán J, Gatica M G, Gómez-González S, Guzman E, Gutiérrez J R, Florentino A, Hepper E, Hernández R M, Huber-Sannwald E, Jankju M, Liu J S, Mau R L, Miriti M, Monerris J, Naseri K, Noumi Z, Polo V, Prina A, Pucheta E, Ramírez E, Ramírez-Collantes D A, Rom?o R, Tighe M, Torres D, Torres-Díaz C, Ungar E D, Val J, Wamiti W, Wang D L, Zaady E. Decoupling of soil nutrient cycles as a function of aridity in global drylands. Nature, 2013, 502(7473): 672- 676.
[15] 安卓, 牛得草, 文海燕, 杨益, 张洪荣, 傅华. 氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草氮磷重吸收率及C:N:P化学计量特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(8): 801- 807.
[16] 赵琼, 刘兴宇, 胡亚林, 曾德慧. 氮添加对兴安落叶松养分分配和再吸收效率的影响. 林业科学, 2010, 46(5): 14- 19.
[17] Lal C B, Annapuruna C, Raghubanshi A S, Singh J S. Effect of leaf habit and soil type on nutrient resorption and conservation in woody species of a dry tropical environment. Canadian Journal of Botany, 2001, 79(9): 1066- 1075.
[18] Hobbie S E. Effects of plant species on nutrient cycling. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1992, 7(10): 336- 339.
[19] 国家林业局. 第八次全国森林资源清查结果. 林业资源管理, 2014,(1): 1- 2.
[20] 张万儒, 许本彤. 森林土壤定位研究方法. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1986: 30- 36.
[21] 刘爱琴, 范少辉, 林开敏, 马祥庆, 盛炜彤. 不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(2): 273- 278.
[22] Yuan Z Y, Li L H, Han X G, Huang J H, Wan S Q. Foliar nitrogen dynamics and nitrogen resorption of a sandy shrub Salix gordejevii in Northern China. Plant and Soil, 2005, 278(1/2): 183- 193.
[23] 刘增文, 李雅素. 黄土残塬沟壑区刺槐人工林生态系统的养分循环通量与平衡分析. 生态学报, 1999, 19(5): 630- 634.
[24] 沈善敏, 宇万太, 张璐, 廉鸿志. 杨树主要营养元素内循环及外循环研究II. 落叶前后养分在植株体内外的迁移和循环. 应用生态学报, 1993, 4(1): 27- 31.
[25] 费世民. 火炬松人工林养分体内转移与内循环研究. 林业科学, 2001, 37(3): 14- 19.
[26] Tang L Y, Han W X, Chen Y H, Fang J Y. Resorption proficiency and efficiency of leaf nutrients in woody plants in eastern China. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 6(5): 408- 417.
[27] Killingbeck K T. The terminological jungle revisited: making a case for use of the term resorption. Oikos, 1986, 46(2): 263- 264.
[28] Miller H G. Carbon X nutrient interaction—the limitations to productivity, Proceeding of International Conference. Tree Physiology, 1986, 2(1/3): 373- 385.
[29] Bridgham S D, Pastor J, McClaugherty C A, Richardson C J. Nutrient-use efficiency: a litter fall index, a model, and a test along a nutrient-availability gradient in North Carolina Peatlands. The American Naturalist, 1995, 145(1): 1- 21.
[30] 王希华, 黄建军, 闫恩荣. 天童国家森林公园若干树种叶水平上养分利用效率的研究. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(4): 13- 16.
[31] Milla R, Castro-Díez P, Maestro-Martínez M, Montserrat-Martí G. Does the gradualness of leaf shedding govern nutrient resorption from senescing leaves in Mediterranean woody plants? Plant and Soil, 2005, 278(1/2): 303- 313.
[2] Brant A N, Chen H Y H. Patterns and mechanisms of nutrient resorption in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2015, 34(5): 471- 486.
[3] Aerts R. Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: are there general patterns? Journal of Ecology, 1996, 84(4): 597- 608.
[4] Chen H Y H, Brassard B W. Intrinsic and extrinsic controls of fine root life Span. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2013, 32(3): 151- 161.
[5] Sardans J, Peňuelas J. The role of plants in the effects of global change on nutrient availability and stoichiometry in the plant-soil system. Plant Physiology, 2012, 160(4): 1741- 1761.
[6] Poorter H, Niklas K J, Reich P B, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L. Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytologist, 2012, 193(1): 30- 50.
[7] 宗宁, 石培礼, 耿守保, 马维玲. 北方山区主要森林类型树木叶片氮、磷回收效率研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(4): 520- 529.
[8] 邓浩俊, 陈爱民, 严思维, 林勇明, 张广帅, 杜锟, 吴承祯, 洪伟. 不同林龄新银合欢重吸收率及其C:N:P化学计量特征. 应用与环境生物学报, 2015, 21(3): 522- 527.
[9] 邱岭军, 胡欢甜, 林宝平, 汪凤林, 林宇, 何宗明, 刘桌明. 不同林龄杉木养分重吸收率及其C: N: P化学计量特征. 西北林学院学报, 2017, 32(4): 22- 27.
[10] 林宝平, 何宗明, 林思祖, 胡欢甜, 邱岭军, 刘桌明. 不同林龄杉木针叶大量元素转移特征. 森林与环境学报, 2017, 37(1): 34- 39.
[11] Ye G F, Zhang S J, Zhang L H, Lin Y M, Wei S D, Liao M M, Lin G H. Age-related changes in nutrient resorption patterns and tannin concentration of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2012, 24(4): 546- 556.
[12] 曾德慧, 陈广生, 陈伏生, 赵琼, 冀小燕. 不同林龄樟子松叶片养分含量及其再吸收效率. 林业科学, 2005, 41(5): 21- 27.
[13] 周丽丽. 不同发育阶段杉木人工林养分内循环与周转利用效率的研究[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2014: 80- 82.
[14] Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre F T, Gallardo A, Bowker M A, Wallenstein M D, Quero J L, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, García-Gómez M, Soliveres S, García-Palacios P, Berdugo M, Valencia E, Escolar C, Arredondo T, Barraza-Zepeda C, Bran D, Carreira J A, Chaieb M, Concei??o A A, Derak M, Eldridge D J, Escudero A, Espinosa C I, Gaitán J, Gatica M G, Gómez-González S, Guzman E, Gutiérrez J R, Florentino A, Hepper E, Hernández R M, Huber-Sannwald E, Jankju M, Liu J S, Mau R L, Miriti M, Monerris J, Naseri K, Noumi Z, Polo V, Prina A, Pucheta E, Ramírez E, Ramírez-Collantes D A, Rom?o R, Tighe M, Torres D, Torres-Díaz C, Ungar E D, Val J, Wamiti W, Wang D L, Zaady E. Decoupling of soil nutrient cycles as a function of aridity in global drylands. Nature, 2013, 502(7473): 672- 676.
[15] 安卓, 牛得草, 文海燕, 杨益, 张洪荣, 傅华. 氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草氮磷重吸收率及C:N:P化学计量特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(8): 801- 807.
[16] 赵琼, 刘兴宇, 胡亚林, 曾德慧. 氮添加对兴安落叶松养分分配和再吸收效率的影响. 林业科学, 2010, 46(5): 14- 19.
[17] Lal C B, Annapuruna C, Raghubanshi A S, Singh J S. Effect of leaf habit and soil type on nutrient resorption and conservation in woody species of a dry tropical environment. Canadian Journal of Botany, 2001, 79(9): 1066- 1075.
[18] Hobbie S E. Effects of plant species on nutrient cycling. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1992, 7(10): 336- 339.
[19] 国家林业局. 第八次全国森林资源清查结果. 林业资源管理, 2014,(1): 1- 2.
[20] 张万儒, 许本彤. 森林土壤定位研究方法. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1986: 30- 36.
[21] 刘爱琴, 范少辉, 林开敏, 马祥庆, 盛炜彤. 不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(2): 273- 278.
[22] Yuan Z Y, Li L H, Han X G, Huang J H, Wan S Q. Foliar nitrogen dynamics and nitrogen resorption of a sandy shrub Salix gordejevii in Northern China. Plant and Soil, 2005, 278(1/2): 183- 193.
[23] 刘增文, 李雅素. 黄土残塬沟壑区刺槐人工林生态系统的养分循环通量与平衡分析. 生态学报, 1999, 19(5): 630- 634.
[24] 沈善敏, 宇万太, 张璐, 廉鸿志. 杨树主要营养元素内循环及外循环研究II. 落叶前后养分在植株体内外的迁移和循环. 应用生态学报, 1993, 4(1): 27- 31.
[25] 费世民. 火炬松人工林养分体内转移与内循环研究. 林业科学, 2001, 37(3): 14- 19.
[26] Tang L Y, Han W X, Chen Y H, Fang J Y. Resorption proficiency and efficiency of leaf nutrients in woody plants in eastern China. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 6(5): 408- 417.
[27] Killingbeck K T. The terminological jungle revisited: making a case for use of the term resorption. Oikos, 1986, 46(2): 263- 264.
[28] Miller H G. Carbon X nutrient interaction—the limitations to productivity, Proceeding of International Conference. Tree Physiology, 1986, 2(1/3): 373- 385.
[29] Bridgham S D, Pastor J, McClaugherty C A, Richardson C J. Nutrient-use efficiency: a litter fall index, a model, and a test along a nutrient-availability gradient in North Carolina Peatlands. The American Naturalist, 1995, 145(1): 1- 21.
[30] 王希华, 黄建军, 闫恩荣. 天童国家森林公园若干树种叶水平上养分利用效率的研究. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(4): 13- 16.
[31] Milla R, Castro-Díez P, Maestro-Martínez M, Montserrat-Martí G. Does the gradualness of leaf shedding govern nutrient resorption from senescing leaves in Mediterranean woody plants? Plant and Soil, 2005, 278(1/2): 303- 313.