黑龙江西部地区水稻综合节水技术研究
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摘要
为解决黑龙江省西部地区水资源短缺,水稻种植水分利用效率低等问题,开展节水技术研究,最终建立渠道防渗结合间歇灌溉的综合节水模式,实现水稻生产节水、节本、增效。结果表明:采用渠道防渗技术可减少输水损失,应用间歇灌溉可减少田间灌水损失;集成的综合节水模式和相邻地块的常规种植相比,水稻的有效穗数、每穗实粒数、结实率均有所增加,穗粒重和产量明显提高,产量增加5.87%;WUE_(总水分)提高17.95%;节约成本投入285元·hm~(-2),经济效益增加1 842.9元·hm~(-2),增幅14.26%。
In order to solve the problems of water shortage and low water use efficiency of rice planting in western Heilongjiang Province,water-saving technology research was carried out,and finally a comprehensive water-saving mode of canal seepage control combined with intermittent irrigation was established to realize water-saving,cost-saving and efficiency-increasing in rice production.The results showed that canal seepage control technology could reduce water loss and intermittent irrigation could reduce field irrigation loss.Compared with conventional planting in adjacent farmer plots,increase effective panicle number,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,grain weight per panicle and yield increased significantly by integrated water-saving model.And yield increased by 5.87%,water use efficiency increased by 17.95%,cost-saving input 285 yuan·hm~(-2),and economic benefit increased 1 842.9 yuan·hm~(-2),which increased by 14.26%.
In order to solve the problems of water shortage and low water use efficiency of rice planting in western Heilongjiang Province,water-saving technology research was carried out,and finally a comprehensive water-saving mode of canal seepage control combined with intermittent irrigation was established to realize water-saving,cost-saving and efficiency-increasing in rice production.The results showed that canal seepage control technology could reduce water loss and intermittent irrigation could reduce field irrigation loss.Compared with conventional planting in adjacent farmer plots,increase effective panicle number,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,grain weight per panicle and yield increased significantly by integrated water-saving model.And yield increased by 5.87%,water use efficiency increased by 17.95%,cost-saving input 285 yuan·hm~(-2),and economic benefit increased 1 842.9 yuan·hm~(-2),which increased by 14.26%.
引文
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[2] 张丹.农业节水灌溉存在的问题与发展对策研究[J].水资源研究,2017,6(1): 49-54.
[3] 张斌.关于农田水利工程节水灌溉技术的研究[J].农业科技与信息,2016(17): 96,99.
[4] 孙小淋,杨立年,杨建昌.水稻高产节水灌溉技术及其生理生态效应[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(3): 253-257.
[5] 贾宏伟,王晓红,陈来华.水稻节水灌溉研究综述[J].浙江水利科技,2007(3): 19-20,25.
[6] 李亚龙,崔远来,李远华,等.水肥交互作用对稻田氮素利用率和氮素平衡的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(4): 21-24.
[7] 邹鹏,袁芙蓉.水利工程渠道防渗技术探究[J].湖南农机,2014,41(7): 172,174.
[8] 唐国贵.北方水稻节水灌溉栽培技术应用[J].农民致富之友,2017(1): 12.