塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏水驱后剩余油分布主控因素与提高采收率途径
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摘要
综合岩心、测井、地震、生产动态等多方面资料,对缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储集空间多尺度特征、储集体类型、缝洞体空间形态及分布模式、与生产井的配置关系等进行了系统研究,分析了各因素对剩余油分布的影响,建立了水驱后剩余油分布的主控因素模式;结合塔河油田的开发实践,系统研究了提高原油采收率的方法与途径。研究表明,缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏水驱后剩余油分布主控因素可归结为局部高点、井控不足、连通通道屏蔽和弱水动力4大类。缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏提高采收率是一个系统工程:天然能量开发阶段,做好生产调控,防止底水窜进;注水早期,依据储集体类型、连通性、空间位置构建注采关系,提高水驱控制及动用程度,尽量减少剩余油;注水开发中后期,依据剩余油分布主控因素及分布特征,通过加强井控、利用重力分异和毛细管的渗吸作用、扰动(改造)流场等措施,实施精准挖潜。同时做好技术储备,开展储集层改造、新型注入介质、智能优化开发等技术的研发,做好注水、注气技术的接替,最大限度地提高采收率。图5表1参32
Based on comprehensive analysis of core, well logging, seismic and production data, the multi-scale reservoir space, reservoir types, spatial shape and distribution of fractures and caves, and the configuration relationship with production wells in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs were studied systematically, the influence of them on the distribution of residual oil was analyzed, and the main controlling factors mode of residual oil distribution after water flooding was established. Enhanced oil recovery methods were studied considering the development practice of Tahe oilfield. Research shows that the main controlling factors of residual oil distribution after water flooding in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs can be classified into four categories: local high point, insufficient well control,flow channel shielding and weak hydrodynamic. It is a systematic project to improve oil recovery in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs.In the stage of natural depletion, production should be well regulated to prevent bottom water channeling. In the early stage of waterflooding, injection-production relationship should be constructed according to reservoir type, connectivity and spatial location to enhance control and producing degree of waterflooding and minimize remaining oil. In the middle and late stage, according to the main controlling factors and distribution characteristics of remaining oil after water flooding, remaining oil should be tapped precisely by making use of gravity differentiation and capillary force imbibition, enhancing well control, disturbing the flow field and so on.Meanwhile, backup technologies of reservoir stimulation, new injection media, intelligent optimization etc. should be developed, smooth shift from water injection to gas injection should be ensured to maximize oil recovery.
Based on comprehensive analysis of core, well logging, seismic and production data, the multi-scale reservoir space, reservoir types, spatial shape and distribution of fractures and caves, and the configuration relationship with production wells in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs were studied systematically, the influence of them on the distribution of residual oil was analyzed, and the main controlling factors mode of residual oil distribution after water flooding was established. Enhanced oil recovery methods were studied considering the development practice of Tahe oilfield. Research shows that the main controlling factors of residual oil distribution after water flooding in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs can be classified into four categories: local high point, insufficient well control,flow channel shielding and weak hydrodynamic. It is a systematic project to improve oil recovery in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs.In the stage of natural depletion, production should be well regulated to prevent bottom water channeling. In the early stage of waterflooding, injection-production relationship should be constructed according to reservoir type, connectivity and spatial location to enhance control and producing degree of waterflooding and minimize remaining oil. In the middle and late stage, according to the main controlling factors and distribution characteristics of remaining oil after water flooding, remaining oil should be tapped precisely by making use of gravity differentiation and capillary force imbibition, enhancing well control, disturbing the flow field and so on.Meanwhile, backup technologies of reservoir stimulation, new injection media, intelligent optimization etc. should be developed, smooth shift from water injection to gas injection should be ensured to maximize oil recovery.
引文
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[2]LI Y.Development theories and methods of fracture-vug carbonate reservoirs[M].London:Academic Press,2017.
[3]TIAN F,JIN Q,LU X,et al.Multi-layered Ordovician paleokarst reservoir detection and spatial delineation:A case study in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Western China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,69:53-73.
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[5]李阳,康志江,薛兆杰,等.中国碳酸盐岩油气藏开发理论与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):669-678.LI Yang,KANG Zhijiang,XUE Zhaojie,et al.Theories and practices of carbonate reservoirs development in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):669-678.
[6]王敬,刘慧卿,徐杰,等.缝洞型油藏剩余油形成机制及分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):585-590.WANG Jing,LIU Huiqing,XU Jie,et al.Formation mechanism and distribution law of remaining oil in fracture-cavity reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(5):585-590.
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[8]程倩,李曦鹏,刘中春,等.缝洞型油藏剩余油的主要存在形式分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(4):18-24.CHENG Qian,LI Xipeng,LIU Zhongchun,et al.Analysis of major occurrence modes of remaining oil in karstic-fracture reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(4):18-24.
[9]张宏方,刘慧卿,刘中春.缝洞型油藏剩余油形成机制及改善开发效果研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(35):10470-10474.ZHANG Hongfang,LIU Huiqing,LIU Zhongchun.Formation mechanism of remaining oil and improve development effect in fractured-cavity reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(35):10470-10474.
[10]荣元帅,赵金洲,鲁新便,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏剩余油分布模式及挖潜对策[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1138-1146.RONG Yuanshuai,ZHAO Jinzhou,LU Xinbian,et al.Remaining oil distribution patterns and potential-tapping countermeasures in carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1138-1146.
[11]熊陈微,林承焰,任丽华,等.缝洞型油藏剩余油分布模式及挖潜对策[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(6):97-101,146.XIONG Chenwei,LIN Chengyan,REN Lihua,et al.Remaining oil distribution patterns and recovery measures in fracture-cave oil reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(6):97-101,146.
[12]汤妍冰,巫波,周洪涛.缝洞型油藏不同控因剩余油分布及开发对策[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(4):483-488.TANG Yanbing,WU Bo,ZHOU Hongtao.Distribution of remaining oil and improved oil recovery methods in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(4):483-488.
[13]吴永超,黄广涛,胡向阳,等.塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏剩余油分布特征及影响因素[J].石油地质与工程,2014,28(3):74-77,148.WU Yongchao,HUANG Guangtao,HU Xiangyang,et al.Reservoir remaining oil distribution characteristics and influencing factors analysis of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oil field[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2014,28(3):74-77,148.
[14]李巍,侯吉瑞,丁观世,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏剩余油类型及影响因素[J].断块油气田,2013,20(4):458-461.LI Wei,HOU Jirui,DING Guanshi,et al.Remaining oil types and influence factors for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2013,20(4):458-461.
[15]ARTUN E,ERTEKIN T,WATSON R,et al.Performance evaluation of cyclic pressure pulsing in a depleted,naturally fractured reservoir with stripper-well production[J].Liquid Fuels Technology,2011,29(9):953-965.
[16]GOUDARZI A,DELSHAD M,MOHANTY K K,et al.Surfactant oil recovery in fractured carbonates:Experiments and modeling of different matrix dimensions[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2015,125:136-145.
[17]PENNELL K D,POPE G A,ABRIOLA L M.Influence of viscous and buoyancy forces on the mobilization of residual tetrachloroethylene during surfactant flushing[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1996,30(4):1328-1335.
[18]AMERI A,FARAJZADEH R,SUICMEZ V S,et al.Effect of non-equilibrium gas injection on the performance of(immiscible and miscible)gas oil gravity drainage in naturally fractured reservoirs[J].Energy&Fuels,2013,27(10):6055-6067.
[19]AYATOLAHI S,BOUKADI F H,ALBEMANI A S,et al.Investigation of thermal gas-oil gravity drainage(GOGD)in fractured carbonate reservoirs[R].SPE 93585-MS,2005.
[20]NELSON P H.Pore-throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstones,and shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(3):329-340.
[21]郭艳利,孙宝江,高永海,等.碳酸盐岩储集层钻井井涌特征及井涌风险评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(3):431-438.GUO Yanli,SUN Baojiang,GAO Yonghai,et al.Gas kick during carbonate reservoirs drilling and its risk assessment[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(3):431-438.
[22]张云峰,谭飞,屈海洲,等.岩溶残丘精细刻画及控储特征分析:以塔里木盆地轮古地区奥陶系风化壳岩溶储集层为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5):716-726.ZHANG Yunfeng,TAN Fei,QU Haizhou,et al.Karst monadnock fine characterization and reservoir control analysis:A case from Ordovician weathering paleokarst reservoirs in Lungu area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):716-726.
[23]荣元帅,胡文革,蒲万芬,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞分隔性研究[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(5):599-605.RONG Yuanshuai,HU Wenge,PU Wanfen,et al.Separation of fractures and cavities in carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2015,37(5):599-605.
[24]鲍典,张慧涛.塔河油田碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏分隔性描述方法研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2017,13(1):25-30.BAO Dian,ZHANG Huitao.Description of the separation in faultkarst carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2017,13(1):25-30.
[25]曹飞,赵娟,李涛,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏古岩溶残丘控储、控藏特征分析:以塔河油田五区为例[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(8):37-42.CAO Fei,ZHAO Juan,LI Tao,et al.The characteristic analysis of paleo-karst Monadnock reservoir controlling in carbonate fractured reservoirs:By taking region 5 of Tahe Oilfield for example[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(8):37-42.
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