社区老年人衰弱现况及影响因素分析
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摘要
[目的]了解社区老年人衰弱现状及影响因素,为采取针对性护理措施提供依据。[方法]2016年8月—2017年7月,采用多阶段分层抽样法抽取石家庄市2个社区共3 125名60岁及以上老年人作为调研对象,进行衰弱综合评估及日常生活活动能力(ADL)评定。[结果]社区老年人衰弱总分为(41.01±10.64)分,其中生理衰弱为(1.28±0.56)分,心理衰弱为(1.88±0.67)分,社会衰弱为(2.09±0.53)分,环境衰弱为(1.67±0.94)分。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,ADL状况、婚姻状况、家庭关系、咀嚼功能、患慢性病与否、文化程度和高血压与否是老年人衰弱的影响因素。[结论]社区老年人衰弱程度较重,且呈现社会衰弱程度高的特点,应针对ADL状况、婚姻、家庭关系、牙齿功能、患慢病与否、文化程度等影响因素采取有效措施,延缓老年人衰弱进程。
Objective:To understand the frailty status and influencing factors of the elderly in community and provide basis for taking targeted nursing measures.Methods:From August 2016 to July 2017,3 125 elderly people aged 60 and over in two communities of Shijiazhuang City were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling method for comprehensive evaluation of frailty and assessment of ability of daily living(ADL).Results:The total score of seniors′frailty in community was(41.01±10.64),including physical frailty(1.28±0.56),psychological frailty(1.88±0.67),social frailty(2.09±0.53)and environmental frailty(1.67±0.94).Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that ADL status,marital status,family relationship,mastication function,chronic disease or not,education level and hypertension or not were influencing factors of senility.Conclusions:The elderly in the community have a high degree of frailty,which is characterized by a high degree of social frailty.Effective measures should be taken according to ADL status,marriage,family relations,dental function,chronic diseases,educational level and other influencing factors in order to delay the frailty process of the elderly.
Objective:To understand the frailty status and influencing factors of the elderly in community and provide basis for taking targeted nursing measures.Methods:From August 2016 to July 2017,3 125 elderly people aged 60 and over in two communities of Shijiazhuang City were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling method for comprehensive evaluation of frailty and assessment of ability of daily living(ADL).Results:The total score of seniors′frailty in community was(41.01±10.64),including physical frailty(1.28±0.56),psychological frailty(1.88±0.67),social frailty(2.09±0.53)and environmental frailty(1.67±0.94).Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that ADL status,marital status,family relationship,mastication function,chronic disease or not,education level and hypertension or not were influencing factors of senility.Conclusions:The elderly in the community have a high degree of frailty,which is characterized by a high degree of social frailty.Effective measures should be taken according to ADL status,marriage,family relations,dental function,chronic diseases,educational level and other influencing factors in order to delay the frailty process of the elderly.
引文
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[10]MACENTEE M I,DONNELLY L R.Oral health and the frailty syndrome[J].Periodontology 2000,2016,72(1):135-141.
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[12]庞乐,张绍敏,吴锦晖.老年衰弱综合征的相关研究进展[J].实用老年医学,2016,16(5):356-360.
[13]NG T P,FENG L,NYUNT M S,et al.Frailty in older persons:multisystem risk factors and the Frailty Risk Index(FRI)[J].Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,2014,15(9):635-642.
[14]CHANG C I,CHAN D C,KUO K N,et al.Prevalence and correlates of geriatric frailty in a northern Taiwan community[J].Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,2011,110(4):247-257.
[2]DE WITTE N,GOBBENS R,DE DONER L,et al.The comprehensive frailty assessment instrument:development,validity and reliability[J].Geriatr Nurs,2013,34(4):274-281.
[3]王坤,陈长香,李淑杏.衰弱综合评估工具的汉化及信效度检验[J].中国康复理论与实践,2017,23(1):72-76.
[4]陈长香.老年护理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:32.
[5]张妍,车志远,宋志杰,等.基于日本老年身体虚弱筛查量表的老年人身心健康调查研究[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(24):2946-2951.
[6]尹文瑜,宋琼,陈长香,等.老年人健康状况及与日常生活能力的相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(11):2774-2775.
[7]李淑杏,陈长香,赵雅宁,等.婚姻、家庭功能对老年人生存质量的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(4):959-960.
[8]左群,张宗光,刘辉,等.城市老年人虚弱与子女照护关系的研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(5):454-455.
[9]陶云,赵玉娜,陈长香,等.家庭支持对唐山市老年人身心健康的影响[J].中国老年学,2016,36(11):2770-2771.
[10]MACENTEE M I,DONNELLY L R.Oral health and the frailty syndrome[J].Periodontology 2000,2016,72(1):135-141.
[11]DE ANDRADE F B,LEBRO M L,SANTOS J L F.Relationship between oral health and frailty in community-dwelling elderly individuals in Brazil[J].Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,2013,61(5):809-814.
[12]庞乐,张绍敏,吴锦晖.老年衰弱综合征的相关研究进展[J].实用老年医学,2016,16(5):356-360.
[13]NG T P,FENG L,NYUNT M S,et al.Frailty in older persons:multisystem risk factors and the Frailty Risk Index(FRI)[J].Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,2014,15(9):635-642.
[14]CHANG C I,CHAN D C,KUO K N,et al.Prevalence and correlates of geriatric frailty in a northern Taiwan community[J].Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,2011,110(4):247-257.