内镜颅底解剖学临床应用要点
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摘要
自20世纪90年代神经外科医师和耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师开始进行单纯经鼻内镜垂体瘤切除术以来,内镜技术改变了传统显微颅底外科的手术方式。随着内镜颅底外科近20年的发展,目前内镜技术可以提供术中深部脑组织的清晰图像,同时随着神经外科医师对内镜颅底解剖学理解的不断深入,扩大经鼻内镜颅底手术被提出,手术视野自枢椎至嗅沟,外侧达颞下窝和卵圆孔。总结内镜颅底解剖学在临床中的应用,有助于颅底重建技术的提高。
A number of neurosurgeons and otorhinolaryngological surgeons began performing purely endoscopic pituitary surgery since 1990 s, the traditional approach of microsurgical skull base surgery has been changed by endoscopic technology so far. With the development and improvement of endoscopic skull base surgery for nearly 20 years, endoscopy can provide detailed visualization of deep brain structures during surgery. At the same time, as the anatomy of skull base is more familiar to neurosurgeons, the concept of extended endoscopic skull base surgery is presented, allowing surgical exposures from axis to olfactory groove, and to infratemporal fossa and foramen ovale laterally. This article intends to summarize the clinical application of endoscopic related anatomy of skull base.
A number of neurosurgeons and otorhinolaryngological surgeons began performing purely endoscopic pituitary surgery since 1990 s, the traditional approach of microsurgical skull base surgery has been changed by endoscopic technology so far. With the development and improvement of endoscopic skull base surgery for nearly 20 years, endoscopy can provide detailed visualization of deep brain structures during surgery. At the same time, as the anatomy of skull base is more familiar to neurosurgeons, the concept of extended endoscopic skull base surgery is presented, allowing surgical exposures from axis to olfactory groove, and to infratemporal fossa and foramen ovale laterally. This article intends to summarize the clinical application of endoscopic related anatomy of skull base.
引文
[1]Prevedello DM,Doglietto F,Jane JA,Jagannathan J,Han J,Laws ER Jr.History of endoscopic skull base surgery:its evolution and current reality[J].J Neurosurg,2007,107:206-213.
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[12]Cavallo LM,Di Somma A,de Notaris M,Prats-Galino A,Aydin S,Catapano G,Solari D,de Divitiis O,Somma T,Cappabianca P.Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the third ventricle:multimodal anatomical study with surgical implications[J].World Neurosurg,2015,84:267-278.
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[14]Hadad G,Bassagasteguy L,Carrau RL,Mataza JC,Kassam A,Snyderman CH,Mintz A.A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches:vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap[J].Laryngoscope,2006,116:1882-1886.
[15]Kassam AB,Vescan AD,Carrau RL,Prevedello DM,Gardner P,Mintz AH,Snyderman CH,Rhoton AL.Expanded endonasal approach:vidian canal as a landmark to the petrous internal carotid artery[J].J Neurosurg,2008,108:177-183.
[16]Osawa S,Rhoton AL Jr,Seker A,Shimizu S,Fujii K,Kassam AB.Microsurgical and endoscopic anatomy of the vidian canal[J].Neurosurgery,2009,64(5 Suppl 2):385-412.
[17]Gun R,Durmus K,Kucur C,Carrau RL,Ozer E.Transoral surgical anatomy and clinical considerations of lateral oropharyngeal wall,parapharyngeal space,and tongue base[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2016,154:480-485.
[18]Marchioni D,Alicandri-Ciufelli M,Rubini A,Presutti L.Endoscopic transcanal corridors to the lateral skull base:initial experiences[J].Laryngoscope,2015,125 Suppl 5:1-13.
[19]Freeman JL,Sampath R,Quattlebaum SC,Casey MA,Folzenlogen ZA,Ramakrishnan VR,Youssef AS.Expanding the endoscopic transpterygoid corridor to the petroclival region: anatomical study and volumetric comparative analysis[J].JNeurosurg,2018,128:1855-1864.
[20]Kassam AB,Gardner P,Snyderman C,Mintz A,Carrau R.Expanded endonasal approach:fully endoscopic,completely transnasal approach to the middle third of the clivus,petrous bone,middle cranial fossa,and infratemporal fossa[J].Neurosurg Focus,2005,19:E6.
[21]Cavallo LM,Messina A,Gardner P,Esposito F,Kassam AB,Cappabianca P,de Divitiis E,Tschabitscher M.Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa:anatomical study and clinical considerations[J].Neurosurg Focus,2005,19:E5.
[22]Elhadi AM,Hardesty DA,Zaidi HA,Kalani MY,Nakaji P,White WL,Little AS.Evaluation of surgical freedom for microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches to the sella[J].Neurosurgery,2015,11 Suppl 2:69-79.
[2]Cappabianca P,Cavallo LM,Solari D,di Somma A.Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery:anatomy,instrumentation,and technique[M]//Laws ER Jr,Cohen-Gadol AA,Schwartz TH,Sheehan JP.Transsphenoidal surgery.Cham:Springer,2017:213-231.
[3]Cappabianca P,Alfieri A,de Divitiis E.Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sella:towards functional endoscopic pituitary surgery(FEPS)[J].Minim Invasive Neurosurg,1998,41:66-73.
[4]Perneczky A,Müler-Forell W,van Lindert E,Fries G.Keyhole concept in neurosurgery with endoscope-assisted microsurgery and case studies[M].New York:Thieme,1999:3-55.
[5]Kassam A,Snyderman CH,Mintz A,Gardner P,Carrau RL.Expanded endonasal approach:the rostrocaudal axis.PartⅠ:crista galli to the sella turcica[J].Neurosurg Focus,2005,19:E3.
[6]Kassam A,Snyderman CH,Mintz A,Gardner P,Carrau RL.Expanded endonasal approach:the rostrocaudal axis.PartⅡ:posterior clinoids to the foramen magnum[J].Neurosurg Focus,2005,19:E4.
[7]Di Somma A,Cavallo LM,de Notaris M,Solari D,Topczewski TE,Bernal-Sprekelsen M,Ense?at J,Prats-Galino A,Cappabianca P.Endoscopic endonasal medial-to-lateral and transorbital lateral-to-medial optic nerve decompression:an anatomical study with surgical implications[J].J Neurosurg,2017,127:199-208.
[8]Gupta AK,Ganth MR,Gupta A.Modified endoscopic optic nerve decompression in idiopathic intracranial hypertension[J].J Laryngol Otol,2003,117:501-502.
[9]Patrocínio JA,Patrocínio LG,Júnior FB,da Cunha AR.Endoscopic decompression of the optic nerve in pseudotumor cerebri[J].Auris Nasus Larynx,2005,32:199-203.
[10]Cappabianca P,Cavallo LM,Caranci F,de Angelis M,Stagno V,Luglietto D.Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach[M]//Cappabianca P,Cavallo LM,de Divitiis O,Esposito F.Midline skull base surgery.Cham:Springer,2016:11-34.
[11]Cavallo LM,de Divitiis O,Aydin S,Messina A,Esposito F,Iaconetta G,Talat K,Cappabianca P,Tschabitscher M.Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the suprasellar area:anatomic considerations.Part 1[J].Neurosurgery,2007,61(3 Suppl):24-33.
[12]Cavallo LM,Di Somma A,de Notaris M,Prats-Galino A,Aydin S,Catapano G,Solari D,de Divitiis O,Somma T,Cappabianca P.Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the third ventricle:multimodal anatomical study with surgical implications[J].World Neurosurg,2015,84:267-278.
[13]Cappabianca P,Cavallo LM,Esposito F,De Divitiis O,Messina A,De Divitiis E.Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the midline skull base:the evolving role of transsphenoidal surgery[M]//Pickard JD,Akalan N,di Rocco C,Dolenc VV,Lobo Antunes L,Mooij JJ,Schramm J,Sindou M.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery.Vienna:Springer,2008:151-199.
[14]Hadad G,Bassagasteguy L,Carrau RL,Mataza JC,Kassam A,Snyderman CH,Mintz A.A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches:vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap[J].Laryngoscope,2006,116:1882-1886.
[15]Kassam AB,Vescan AD,Carrau RL,Prevedello DM,Gardner P,Mintz AH,Snyderman CH,Rhoton AL.Expanded endonasal approach:vidian canal as a landmark to the petrous internal carotid artery[J].J Neurosurg,2008,108:177-183.
[16]Osawa S,Rhoton AL Jr,Seker A,Shimizu S,Fujii K,Kassam AB.Microsurgical and endoscopic anatomy of the vidian canal[J].Neurosurgery,2009,64(5 Suppl 2):385-412.
[17]Gun R,Durmus K,Kucur C,Carrau RL,Ozer E.Transoral surgical anatomy and clinical considerations of lateral oropharyngeal wall,parapharyngeal space,and tongue base[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2016,154:480-485.
[18]Marchioni D,Alicandri-Ciufelli M,Rubini A,Presutti L.Endoscopic transcanal corridors to the lateral skull base:initial experiences[J].Laryngoscope,2015,125 Suppl 5:1-13.
[19]Freeman JL,Sampath R,Quattlebaum SC,Casey MA,Folzenlogen ZA,Ramakrishnan VR,Youssef AS.Expanding the endoscopic transpterygoid corridor to the petroclival region: anatomical study and volumetric comparative analysis[J].JNeurosurg,2018,128:1855-1864.
[20]Kassam AB,Gardner P,Snyderman C,Mintz A,Carrau R.Expanded endonasal approach:fully endoscopic,completely transnasal approach to the middle third of the clivus,petrous bone,middle cranial fossa,and infratemporal fossa[J].Neurosurg Focus,2005,19:E6.
[21]Cavallo LM,Messina A,Gardner P,Esposito F,Kassam AB,Cappabianca P,de Divitiis E,Tschabitscher M.Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa:anatomical study and clinical considerations[J].Neurosurg Focus,2005,19:E5.
[22]Elhadi AM,Hardesty DA,Zaidi HA,Kalani MY,Nakaji P,White WL,Little AS.Evaluation of surgical freedom for microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches to the sella[J].Neurosurgery,2015,11 Suppl 2:69-79.