环境策略互动与长江经济带的生态效率
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摘要
在地方竞争的前提下,将地区环境的策略互动纳入到区域生态效率的分析框架,以长江经济带35个地级市为例,运用数据包络分析估算长江经济带各地区经济与环境双重约束下的生态效率的"共同前沿"和"群组前沿",以生态效率及其分解项为被解释变量构建空间动态杜宾模型来分析地方竞争带来的环境策略性互动对生态效率的影响,并将这一影响从长期和短期内分解为直接效应以及空间溢出效应,可以发现:在策略性互动下,财政分权和环境规制都对生态效率产生影响,长江下游和中游财政分权的策略性互动表现出"策略互补",上游环境规制的策略性互动式表现出"损人利己"。在长江经济带建设的经济总体布局中,采用正确的地方环境治理激励机制。为此,可以采取以下措施:提高环境规制水平,避免环境规制的非完全执行;给与地方政府适度财政自由,加强政府环境治理监管;加强环境区域协调,重视地区间的"策略性互动"。
Under the premise of local competition,we put the strategic interaction of regional environment into the analysis framework of regional ecological efficiency,using 35 cities in the Yangtze River economic belt as an example,data envelopment analysis is used to estimate the resources and environment of each region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Under the constraints of"common frontier"and"cluster frontier"of eco-efficiency,the spatial dynamic Dubin model was constructed using ecological efficiency and its decomposition items as the interpreted variables to analyze the impact of the environmental interaction of the local competition on ecological efficiency. And this effect is decomposed into long-term and short-term effects into direct effects and spatial spillover effects. The research shows that under strategic interaction,fiscal decentralization and environmental regulation all have an impact on ecological efficiency. The lower reaches and the middle reaches of the Yangtze river on the fiscal decentralization show the strategy "complementary"strategic interaction,but river upstream shows the "Roman holiday". The Yangtze river economic belt in the overall arrangements for the construction of economic in our country,must adopt the correct local environmental management incentive mechanism. To this end,we can take the following measures: to raise the level of environmental regulation,avoid environmental regulation of full implementation; Giving local government moderate financial freedom,strengthening the supervision of the government environmental governance; To strengthen regional environmental strategy.
Under the premise of local competition,we put the strategic interaction of regional environment into the analysis framework of regional ecological efficiency,using 35 cities in the Yangtze River economic belt as an example,data envelopment analysis is used to estimate the resources and environment of each region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Under the constraints of"common frontier"and"cluster frontier"of eco-efficiency,the spatial dynamic Dubin model was constructed using ecological efficiency and its decomposition items as the interpreted variables to analyze the impact of the environmental interaction of the local competition on ecological efficiency. And this effect is decomposed into long-term and short-term effects into direct effects and spatial spillover effects. The research shows that under strategic interaction,fiscal decentralization and environmental regulation all have an impact on ecological efficiency. The lower reaches and the middle reaches of the Yangtze river on the fiscal decentralization show the strategy "complementary"strategic interaction,but river upstream shows the "Roman holiday". The Yangtze river economic belt in the overall arrangements for the construction of economic in our country,must adopt the correct local environmental management incentive mechanism. To this end,we can take the following measures: to raise the level of environmental regulation,avoid environmental regulation of full implementation; Giving local government moderate financial freedom,strengthening the supervision of the government environmental governance; To strengthen regional environmental strategy.
引文
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[2]LIN J Y,LIU Z. Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in China[J]. Economic Development&Cultural Change,2000,49(1).
[3]ZHANG T,ZOU H F. Fiscal Decentralization,Public Spending,and Economic Growth in China[J]. Journal of Public Eco-nomics,1998,67(2).
[4]张华.地区间环境规制的策略互动研究——对环境规制非完全执行普遍性的解释[J].中国工业经济,2016(7).
[5]RASSIER D G,EARNHART D. Effects of Environmental Regulation on Actual and Expected Profitability[J]. Ecological Economics,2015,112.
[6]ELGIN C,OZTUNALI O. Pollution and Informal Economy[J]. Economic Systems,2014,38(3).
[7]RAMMER C,REXHAUSER S. Unmasking the Porter Hypothesis:Environmental Innovations and Firm-Profitability[J]. Environmental&Resource Economics,2014,57(1).
[8]FRANCKX L. Regulatory Emission Limits for Cars and the Porter Hypothesis:A Survey of the Literature[J]. Transport Reviews,2015,35(6).
[9]SONG M,WANG S. Can Employment Structure Promote Environment-biased Technical Progress?[J]. Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2016,112.
[10]张成,陆旸,郭路,等.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究,2011(2).
[11]沈能,刘凤朝.高强度的环境规制真能促进技术创新吗?——基于“波特假说”的再检验[J].中国软科学,2012(4).
[12]FREDRIKSSON P G,WOLLSCHEID J R. Environmental Decentralization and Political Centralization[J]. Ecological Economics,2014,107(C).
[13]李伯涛,马海涛,龙军.环境联邦主义理论述评[J].财贸经济,2009(10).
[14]龚锋,卢洪友.财政分权与地方公共服务配置效率——基于义务教育和医疗卫生服务的实证研究[J].经济评论,2013(1).
[15]HALKOS G E,PAIZANOS E A. The Effect of Government Expenditure on the Environment:An empirical Investigation[J].Ecological Economics,2013,91(91).
[16]ZHANG K,ZHANG Z Y,LIANG Q M. An Empirical Analysis of the Green Paradox in China:From the Perspective of Fiscal Decentralization[J]. Energy Policy,2017,103.
[17]李斌,祁源,李倩.财政分权、FDI与绿色全要素生产率——基于面板数据动态GMM方法的实证检验[J].国际贸易问题,2016(7).
[18]TONE K. A Slacks-based Measure of Efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2001,130(3).
[19]HOFMANN S G,SAWYER A T,WITT A A,ET AL. The Effect of Mindfulness-based Therapy on Anxiety and Depression:A Meta-analytic Review[J]. Journal of Consulting&Clinical Psychology,2010,78(2).
[20]ELHORST J P. Dynamic Panels with Endogenous Interaction Effects When T,is Small[J]. Regional Science&Urban Economics,2010,40(5).
[21]ELHORST J P. Dynamic Spatial Panels:Models,Methods and Inferences[M]∥Spatial Econometrics. Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2014.
[22]朱平芳,张征宇,姜国麟. FDI与环境规制:基于地方分权视角的实证研究[J].经济研究,2011(6).
[23]MCMILLEN,DANIEL P. Issues in Spatial Data Analysis[J]. Journal of Regional Science,2010,50(1).
[24]KELEJIAN H H,PIRAS G. Estimation of Spatial Models with Endogenous Weighting Matrices and an Application to a Demand Model for Cigarettes[J]. Regional Science&Urban Economics,2014,46(1).
[25]HEAD K,MAYER T. Market Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union[J]. Review of Economics&Statistics,2004,86(4).
[26]韩峰,柯善咨.空间外部性、比较优势与制造业集聚——基于中国地级市面板数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2013(1).
[27] ELHORST J P,VEGA S H. The SLX Model:Extensions and the Sensitivity of Spatial Spillovers to W[J]. Papeles de Economía Espanola,2017,152.
[28]茹少峰,魏博阳,刘家旗.以效率变革为核心的我国经济高质量发展的实现路径[J].陕西师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2018,47(3).
[29]W E OATES. Fiscal Federalism[M]. New York:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,1972.
[30]W E OATES. An Essay on Fiscal Federalism[J]. Journal of Economic Literature,1999,37(3).
[31]W E OATES. A Reconsideration of Environmental Federalism[J]. Discussion Papers,2001,56(1).