UV–C辐照对RTV涂料绝缘子着生虚幻球藻的灭活效果
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摘要
针对中国西南和华南地区多处变电站出现绿球藻附着生长在绝缘子表面、形成藻污层,严重影响其绝缘性能的问题,以典型绝缘子表面着生藻类虚幻球藻为研究对象,考察了C波段紫外光辐照(UV–C)对虚幻球藻的灭活及裂解效果,以及对藻细胞光合活性和色素含量的影响。结果表明:对于初始数密度为1.2×107个/mL的虚幻球藻,250 mJ/cm2剂量能够在7 d内有效抑制细胞生长,500～2 000 mJ/cm2剂量可以在48 h内实现快速杀藻,灭活率大于79%。500 m J/cm2及以上剂量更适合快速杀灭并去除藻类污秽。UV–C辐照迅速引起藻细胞光合活性降低,造成胞内氧化压力升高,是引起藻细胞在辐照后2～3d内发生细胞膜破裂乃至完全裂解的作用机制。光合活性指标对UV–C辐照的敏感性高于细胞数和破胞率,且光合活性指标检测快捷,可作为指示杀藻过程的有效性,并作为预警藻细胞恢复生长趋势的指标。
The Chlorococcum are often observed to grow abundantly on the surface of the post insulators with RTV coat in several transformer substations in Southwest China and South China, resulting in algae pollution and abnormal insulation performance. Taking the Apatococcuslobatus that grows on the surface of the post insulators with RTV as the target microalgae species, we investigated the effects of UV–C irradiation on the growth inactivation, cell lysis, photosynthetic activity and pigments contents of microalgal cells. The results show that the UV-C dose at 250 mJ/cm2 and above can suppress the growth of Apatococcuslobatus with initial cell density of 1.2×107 cells/mL for seven days. Moreover, the UV–C dose at 500～2 000 m J/cm2 can kill the microalgal cells within 48 h with inactivation rate of 79% and above. Therefore, UV–C dose at 500 mJ/cm2 and above is better for rapid microalgae inactivation and debris removal. The effects of membrane disintegration and complete lysis of microalgal cell at 2～3 days after UV-C exposure are attributed to the inhibition of the photosynthetic activity, which leads to the increase in intracellular oxidative stress. The response of photosynthetic activity upon UV–C irradiation is very sensitive, much higher than the variations of cell density and membrane integrity. In addition, the photosynthetic activity can be quickly measured, only minutes for one sample. Thus, photosynthetic activity can be used as an indicator for the inactivation effect of UV–C irradiation on the Apatococcuslobatus as well as its recovery on the surface of the post insulation.
The Chlorococcum are often observed to grow abundantly on the surface of the post insulators with RTV coat in several transformer substations in Southwest China and South China, resulting in algae pollution and abnormal insulation performance. Taking the Apatococcuslobatus that grows on the surface of the post insulators with RTV as the target microalgae species, we investigated the effects of UV–C irradiation on the growth inactivation, cell lysis, photosynthetic activity and pigments contents of microalgal cells. The results show that the UV-C dose at 250 mJ/cm2 and above can suppress the growth of Apatococcuslobatus with initial cell density of 1.2×107 cells/mL for seven days. Moreover, the UV–C dose at 500～2 000 m J/cm2 can kill the microalgal cells within 48 h with inactivation rate of 79% and above. Therefore, UV–C dose at 500 mJ/cm2 and above is better for rapid microalgae inactivation and debris removal. The effects of membrane disintegration and complete lysis of microalgal cell at 2～3 days after UV-C exposure are attributed to the inhibition of the photosynthetic activity, which leads to the increase in intracellular oxidative stress. The response of photosynthetic activity upon UV–C irradiation is very sensitive, much higher than the variations of cell density and membrane integrity. In addition, the photosynthetic activity can be quickly measured, only minutes for one sample. Thus, photosynthetic activity can be used as an indicator for the inactivation effect of UV–C irradiation on the Apatococcuslobatus as well as its recovery on the surface of the post insulation.
引文
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[22]刘玲静,陶益,韦德权,等.低剂量UV-C/H2O2联用灭活铜绿微囊藻及影响因素[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(21):9-15.LIU Lingjing,TAO Yi,WEI Dequan,et al.Inactivation effects of UV-C/H2O2 at low doses on microcystis aeruginosa and its influence factors[J].China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(21):9-15.
[2]张星海,李亚伟,白欢,等.四川部分变电站涂覆RTV绝缘子的自然积污成分及其对闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2922-2928.ZHANG Xinghai,LI Yawei,BAI Huan,et al.Natural pollution component for RTV-coated insulator in some substationof Sichuan Province and its effect on flashover characteristics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2922-2928.
[3]贾志东,王也,欧阳小刚,等.绿藻对高温硫化硅橡胶材料憎水性能的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):885-890.JIA Zhidong,WANG Ye,OUYANG Xiaogang,et al.Influence of green algae on hydrophobic property of HTV silicon rubber[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):885-890.
[4]ROCHA J M S,GARCIA J E C,HENRIQUES M H F.Growth aspects of the marine microalga nannochloropsisgaditana[J].Biomolecular Engineering,2003,20(6):237-242.
[5]BENGTSSON M,WALLSTROM S,GRONLUND R,et al.Development of a tool for remote detection of fungi and algae on electrical insulators using laser induced fluorescence combined with principal component analysis[C]∥2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.Munich,Germany:IEEE,2005:1116-1119.
[6]BENGTSSON M,GRONLUND R,SJOHOLM M,et al.Lidar fluorescence measurements of algal growth on electrical insulators[C]∥2003 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe.Munich,Germany:IEEE,2003:335-347.
[7]HONDA K,OSHIKAWA N,MIYAKE T,et al.Insulation characteristics of polymer insulator materials with algaes[J].IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals&Materials,2012,132(11):944-950.
[8]喻华玉,徐文澄.防污闪技术分析[J].电力安全技术,2005,7(3):28-30.YU Huayu,XU Wencheng.Technical analysis of anti-cotaminationflashover in power system[J].Electric Safety Technology,2005,7(3):28-30.
[9]FLAIBANI A,OLSEN Y,PAINTER T J.Polysaccharides in desert reclamation:compositions of exocellular proteoglycan complexes produced by filamentous blue-green and unicellular green edaphic algae[J].Carbohydrate Research,1989,190(2):235-248.
[10]吴君,戴炜,曾辉武.输电线路带电水冲洗装置及技术[J].低碳世界,2015(1):28-30.WU Jun,DAI Wei,ZENG Huiwu.Water flushing device and technology for transmission line[J].Low Carbon World,2015(1):28-30.
[11]TAO Y,MAO X,HU J,et al.Mechanisms of photosynthetic inactivation on growth suppression of microcystis aeruginosa,under UV-Cstress[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(4):637-644.
[12]GAO Y,CUI Y,XIONG W,et al.Effect of UV-C on algal evolution and differences in growth rate,pigmentation and photosynthesis between prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae[J].Photochemistry&Photobiology,2009,85(3):774-782.
[13]KAI B,HANELT D,WIENCKE C.UV-effects on photosynthesis and related enzyme reactions of marine macroalgae[J].Planta,2000,211(4):555-562.
[14]ISERI Y,KAWABATA Z,SASAKI M.Development of a boat equipped with UV lamps for suppression of freshwater red tide in a reservoir[J].Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology,1993,29(2):61-70.
[15]ISERI Y,KAWABATA Z.Suppression of dinoflagellate peridiniumbipesbloom in a reservoir by ultraviolet radiation[C]∥Proceedings of the International Conference on Hydropower.San Francisco,USA:Water Power,1995:1265-1273.
[16]石文波,陶益,张锡辉.水环境中硅藻水华预警和控制技术研究[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(2):60-63,69.SHI Wenbo,TAO Yi,ZHANG Xihui.Study on early-warning ofdiatom bloom in water environment and its control technology[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2015,46(2):60-63,69.
[17]周明,董金荣,赵开弘.浸没式UV-C技术对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效应[J].华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003,37(4):549-552.ZHOU Ming,DONG Jinrong,ZHAO Kaihong.Inhibitory effect of the submerged UV-C radiation technology on growth of microcystis aeruginosa[J].Journal of Huazhong Normal University Natural Sciences,2003,37(4):549-552.
[18]董金荣,周明,赵开弘.浸没式UV-C技术对念珠藻“水华”的抑制效应[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(10):16-18,38.DONG Jinrong,ZHOU Ming,ZHAO Kaihong.Inhibitory effects of submerged UV-C radiation technology on nostoccausing water bloom[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2003,25(10):16-18,38.
[19]BORDERIE F,ALAOUI-SEHMER L,BOUSTA F,et al.Cellular and molecular damage caused by high UV-C irradiation of the cave-harvested green alga chlorella minutissima:implications for cave management[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2014,93:118-130.
[20]TAO Y,ZHANG X,AU D W T,et al.The effects of sub-lethal UV-Cirradiation on growth and cell integrity of cyanobacteria and green algae[J].Chemosphere,2010,78(5):541-547.
[21]刘世明,朱雪竹,张民.铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)生长及光合活性对温度和光照交互作用的响应[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(5):773-779.LIU Shiming,ZHU Xuezhu,ZHANG Min.Growth and photosynthetic capacity of microcystis aeruginosa and chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to the interactions of temperature and light[J].Lake Science,2014,26(5):773-779.
[22]刘玲静,陶益,韦德权,等.低剂量UV-C/H2O2联用灭活铜绿微囊藻及影响因素[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(21):9-15.LIU Lingjing,TAO Yi,WEI Dequan,et al.Inactivation effects of UV-C/H2O2 at low doses on microcystis aeruginosa and its influence factors[J].China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(21):9-15.