玉米/大豆、玉米/花生间作对作物氮素吸收及结瘤固氮的影响
|
摘要
禾本科与豆科作物间作具有显著的增氮作用。为探明玉米/大豆、玉米/花生间作模式的氮素吸收、氮营养竞争能力及豆科结瘤特性的变化,解释玉米与豆科间作体系的增氮效应,通过田间试验,设置玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(SS)、玉米/大豆间作(MS)、花生单作(PP)、玉米/花生间作(MP)等5种种植模式,研究不同种植模式对作物氮素积累、氮营养竞争强弱及豆科结瘤固氮特性的调控作用。结果表明,与单作相比,间作显著降低玉米和大豆的氮素积累量,对花生的氮素积累量影响不显著。5种模式系统氮素积累总量表现为MS>SS>MP,PP和MM处理最低且差异不显著,MS处理比MP处理显著高21.8%。与MM处理相比,MS和MP处理的玉米氮素积累量分别降低20.5%和11.7%,其中MP处理籽粒、叶片和茎秆氮素积累量比MS处理高8.9%、21.2%和14.3%。与SS处理相比,MS处理的大豆氮素积累量降低28.5%,其中,中行、边行分别降低10.1%、15.4%。玉米相对大豆氮营养竞争比率表现为强(CRms>1),相对花生则表现为弱(CRmp<1)。与SS处理相比,五叶期MS处理的大豆根瘤数量显著增加,根瘤鲜重无显著差异,盛花期后根瘤数量和鲜重均显著降低; MS处理的大豆根瘤固氮酶活性均降低,且中行降低幅度更大。与PP处理相比,开花期MP处理的花生根瘤数量和鲜重均显著增加,下针期后均显著降低;MP处理的花生根瘤固氮酶活性均降低,且边行降低幅度更大。各间作模式作物的氮素积累量虽然降低,但间作模式的系统氮素积累量却显著高于各单作模式,两种间作模式中MS处理的氮素积累总量最高。
Cereal/legume-based intercropping systems have a significant effect on the soil by increasing nitrogen(N) content.To understand the trends of N uptake, N nutrient competition capacity, and the legume nodulation characteristics in a maize/legume intercropping system, we investigated the N absorption advantage in maize/soybean and maize/peanut strip intercropping systems. We conducted a field experiment to study N accumulation, N nutrient competition, and the legume nodulation N fixation regulation characteristics in different planting patterns, which were maize monoculture(MM), soybean monoculture(SS), maize/soybean intercropping(MS), peanut monoculture(PP), and maize/peanut intercropping(MP). The results showed that compared with the monocultures, intercropping decreased N accumulation in maize and soybeans and had no significant effect on the N accumulation in peanuts. The trend of total N accumulation in the five planting patterns was MS > SS >MP; PP and MM treatments exhibited the lowest accumulation and the difference was not significant. Moreover, the N accumulation of MS treatment was 21.8% higher than that of MP treatment. Additionally, N accumulation of maize in MS and MP treatments decreased by 20.5% and 11.7%, respectively, compared with MM treatment. N accumulation of grain, leaves, and stalks of maize in MP treatment was 8.9%, 21.2%, and 14.3% higher than those in MS treatment. Furthermore, N accumulation of soybean in MS treatment decreased by 28.5%, and the central and fringe rows decreased by 10.1% and 15.4%, respectively compared with SS treatment. The effect of MP treatment on peanut N accumulation was not significant. The value of N nutrition competition indicated that maize had a dominant position in MS, whereas it exhibited less competition in MP treatment.Compared with SS treatment, the number of soybean nodules in MS treatment was higher at the fifth trifoliate stage and lower after the full bloom stage. The effect of nodule fresh weight was not significant at the fifth trifoliate stage, and it decreased after the full bloom stage. Nitrogenase activity of soybean nodules in MS treatment decreased, and the decrease was greater in the central rows. Relative to PP treatment, the number and fresh weight of peanut nodules in MP treatment were higher at the early flowering stage and lower after the acicula forming stage. The nitrogenase activity of peanut nodules in MP treatment decreased, and the amplitude of the decrease was greater in the fringe row. Although the amount of N accumulation of crops in the intercropping planting patterns was reduced, the total N accumulation of the intercropping system was significantly higher than the monoculture planting patterns. The amount of N accumulation of MS treatment was the highest in the two intercropping planting patterns.
Cereal/legume-based intercropping systems have a significant effect on the soil by increasing nitrogen(N) content.To understand the trends of N uptake, N nutrient competition capacity, and the legume nodulation characteristics in a maize/legume intercropping system, we investigated the N absorption advantage in maize/soybean and maize/peanut strip intercropping systems. We conducted a field experiment to study N accumulation, N nutrient competition, and the legume nodulation N fixation regulation characteristics in different planting patterns, which were maize monoculture(MM), soybean monoculture(SS), maize/soybean intercropping(MS), peanut monoculture(PP), and maize/peanut intercropping(MP). The results showed that compared with the monocultures, intercropping decreased N accumulation in maize and soybeans and had no significant effect on the N accumulation in peanuts. The trend of total N accumulation in the five planting patterns was MS > SS >MP; PP and MM treatments exhibited the lowest accumulation and the difference was not significant. Moreover, the N accumulation of MS treatment was 21.8% higher than that of MP treatment. Additionally, N accumulation of maize in MS and MP treatments decreased by 20.5% and 11.7%, respectively, compared with MM treatment. N accumulation of grain, leaves, and stalks of maize in MP treatment was 8.9%, 21.2%, and 14.3% higher than those in MS treatment. Furthermore, N accumulation of soybean in MS treatment decreased by 28.5%, and the central and fringe rows decreased by 10.1% and 15.4%, respectively compared with SS treatment. The effect of MP treatment on peanut N accumulation was not significant. The value of N nutrition competition indicated that maize had a dominant position in MS, whereas it exhibited less competition in MP treatment.Compared with SS treatment, the number of soybean nodules in MS treatment was higher at the fifth trifoliate stage and lower after the full bloom stage. The effect of nodule fresh weight was not significant at the fifth trifoliate stage, and it decreased after the full bloom stage. Nitrogenase activity of soybean nodules in MS treatment decreased, and the decrease was greater in the central rows. Relative to PP treatment, the number and fresh weight of peanut nodules in MP treatment were higher at the early flowering stage and lower after the acicula forming stage. The nitrogenase activity of peanut nodules in MP treatment decreased, and the amplitude of the decrease was greater in the fringe row. Although the amount of N accumulation of crops in the intercropping planting patterns was reduced, the total N accumulation of the intercropping system was significantly higher than the monoculture planting patterns. The amount of N accumulation of MS treatment was the highest in the two intercropping planting patterns.
引文
[1]刘均霞,陆引罡,远红伟,等.玉米/大豆间作条件下作物根系对氮素的吸收利用[J].华北农学报,2008,23(1):173-175LIU J X,LU Y G,YUAN H W,et al.The roots of the crop usually absorb and utilize studying to nitrogen under the maize/soybean intercropping condition[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2008,23(1):173-175
[2]王自奎,吴普特,赵西宁,等.作物间套作群体光能截获和利用机理研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(6):1057-1066WANG Z K,WU P T,ZHAO X N,et al.A review of light interception and utilization by intercropped canopies[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(6):1057-1066
[3]夏海勇,李隆,张正.间套作体系土壤磷素吸收优势和机理研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(1):1-6XIA H Y,LI L,ZHANG Z.Research advances on soil phosphorus acquisition advantages and mechanisms in intercropping systems[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2015,(1):1-6
[4]张凤云,吴普特,赵西宁,等.间套作提高农田水分利用效率的节水机理[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1400-1406ZHANG F Y,WU P T,ZHAO X N,et al.Water-saving mechanisms of intercropping system in improving cropland water use efficiency[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(5):1400-1406
[5]肖靖秀,郑毅.间套作系统中作物的养分吸收利用与病虫害控制[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(3):150-154XIAO J X,ZHENG Y.Nutrients uptake and pests and diseases control of crops in intercropping system[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(3):150-154
[6]李隆.间套作强化农田生态系统服务功能的研究进展与应用展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):403-415LI L.Intercropping enhances agroecosystem services and functioning:Current knowledge and perspectives[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(4):403-415
[7]徐燕,郑毅,毛昆明,等.玉米魔芋间作条件下作物的氮素养分吸收规律研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(6):881-886XU Y,ZHENG Y,MAO K M,et al.Nitrogen uptake and utilization of plant in maize and konjaku intercropping[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2007,22(6):881-886
[8]柏文恋,郑毅,肖靖秀.豆科禾本科间作促进磷高效吸收利用的地下部生物学机制研究进展[J].作物杂志,2018,(4):20-27BAI W L,ZHENG Y,XIAO J X.Below-ground biotic mechanisms of phosphorus uptake and utilization improved by cereal and legume intercropping-a review[J].Crops,2018,(4):20-27
[9]付学鹏,吴凤芝,吴瑕,等.间套作改善作物矿质营养的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):525-535FU X P,WU F Z,WU X,et al.Advances in the mechanism of improving crop mineral nutrients in intercropping and relay intercropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(2):525-535
[10]王树起,沈其荣,褚贵新,等.种间竞争对旱作水稻与花生间作系统根系分布和氮素吸收积累的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(5):860-863WANG S Q,SHEN Q R,CHU G X,et al.Effect of interspecies competition on root distribution and nitrogen uptake of peanut and rice in intercropping in aerobic soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(5):860-863
[11]董楠.不同作物组合间作优势和时空稳定性的生态机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017DONG N.The ecological mechanism of yield advantage and spatio-temporal stability in different crop combinations[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017
[12]徐强.线辣椒/玉米套作生理生态机制研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007XU Q.Study on physiology and ecology mechanism of capsicum and maize relay intercropping system[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2007
[13]张德闪,李洪波,申建波.集约化互作体系植物根系高效获取土壤养分的策略与机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1547-1555ZHANG D S,LI H B,SHEN J B.Strategies for root’s foraging and acquiring soil nutrient in high efficiency under intensive cropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(6):1547-1555
[14]张少斌,梁开明,郭靖,等.基于生态位角度的农作物间套作增产机制研究进展[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(9):1005-1012ZHANG S B,LIANG K M,GUO J,et al.Yield improvement by intercropping-Viewed from a niche perspective[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,31(9):1005-1012
[15]肖焱波.豆科/禾本科间作体系中养分竞争和氮素转移研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003XIAO Y B.Interspecific competition for nutrients and nitrogen transfer between the intercropped legume and cereal[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2003
[16]谢凯,翁伯琦.玉米与旱地作物间作套种研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(6):26-32XIE K,WENG B Q.Research advances on intercropping technology of maize with other dryland crops[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(6):26-32
[17]赵叶舟,王浩铭,汪自强.豆科植物和根瘤菌在生态环境中的地位和作用[J].农业环境与发展,2013,30(4):7-12ZHAO Y Z,WANG H M,WANG Z Q.The role of leguminous plants and rhizobium in ecological environment[J].Agro-Environment and Development,2013,30(4):7-12
[18]陈文新,陈文峰.发挥生物固氮作用减少化学氮肥用量[J].中国农业科技导报,2004,6(6):3-6CHEN W X,CHEN W F.Exertion of biological nitrogen fixation in order to reducing the consumption of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,2004,6(6):3-6
[19]韦革宏,马占强.根瘤菌-豆科植物共生体系在重金属污染环境修复中的地位、应用及潜力[J].微生物学报,2010,50(11):1421-1430WEI G H,MA Z Q.Application of rhizobia-legume symbiosis for remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2010,50(11):1421-1430
[20]于晓波,苏本营,龚万灼,等.玉米-大豆带状套作对大豆根瘤性状和固氮能力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(9):1743-1753YU X B,SU B Y,GONG W Z,et al.The nodule characteristics and nitrogen fixation of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(9):1743-1753
[21]冯晓敏,杨永,臧华栋,等.燕麦花生间作系统作物氮素累积与转移规律[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):617-624FENG X M,YANG Y,ZANG H D,et al.Characteristics of crop nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen transfer in oat and peanut intercropping system[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2018,24(3):617-624
[22]赵财,柴强,乔寅英,等.禾豆间距对间作豌豆“氮阻遏”减缓效应的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1169-1176ZHAO C,CHAI Q,QIAO Y Y,et al.Effect of cereal-legume spacing in intercropping system on alleviating“N inhibition”in pea plants[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(9):1169-1176
[23]房增国,左元梅,赵秀芬,等.玉米-花生混作系统中的氮铁营养效应[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):134-139FANG Z G,ZUO Y M,ZHAO X F,et al.Effects of maize-peanut mixed cropping on N and Fe nutrition[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(1):134-139
[24]杨燕竹,杜青,陈平,等.玉米大豆播期衔接对间作大豆干物质积累及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):96-102YANG Y Z,DU Q,CHEN P,et al.Effect of maize and soybean sowing date cohesion on soybean dry matter accumulation and yield in intercropping[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2017,32(3):96-102
[25]范元芳,刘沁林,王锐,等.玉米-大豆带状间作对大豆生长、光合荧光特性及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):972-978FAN Y F,LIU Q L,WANG R,et al.Effects of shading on growth,photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield of soybean in maize-soybean intercropping systems[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(5):972-978
[26]王小春,杨文钰,邓小燕,等.玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯模式下玉米干物质积累与分配差异及氮肥的调控效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):46-57WANG X C,YANG W Y,DENG X Y,et al.Differences of dry matter accumulation and distribution of maize and their responses to nitrogen fertilization in maize/soybean and maize/sweet potato relay intercropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(1):46-57
[27]张晓娜,陈平,庞婷,等.玉米/豆科间作种植模式对作物干物质积累、分配及产量的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(4):484-490ZHANG X N,CHEN P,PANG T,et al.The effects of dry matter accumulation,distribution and yield in the maize/soybean and maize/peanut intercropping system[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2017,35(4):484-490
[28]刘文钰,雍太文,刘小明,等.减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中大豆根瘤固氮及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].大豆科学,2014,33(5):705-712LIU W Y,YONG T W,LIU X M,et al.Effect of reduced Napplication on nodule N fixation,N uptake and utilization of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system[J].Soybean Science,2014,33(5):705-712
[29]WILLEY R W,RAO M R.A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops[J].Experimental Agriculture,1980,16(2):117-125
[30]李玉英,胡汉升,程序,等.种间互作和施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作生态系统地上部和地下部生长的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(6):1617-1630LI Y Y,HU H S,CHENG X,et al.Effects of interspecific interactions and nitrogen fertilization rates on above-and below-growth in faba bean/maize intercropping system[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(6):1617-1630
[31]秦娟,上官周平.植物之间互作效应及其生理机制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(3):225-230QIN J,SHANGGUAN Z P.Interaction effect and physiological mechanism in plants[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(3):225-230
[32]左元梅,刘永秀,张福锁.玉米/花生混作改善花生铁营养对花生根瘤碳氮代谢及固氮的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(11):2584-2590ZUO Y M,LIU Y X,ZHANG F S.Effects of improved iron nutrition of peanut intercropped with maize on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen-fixing of peanut nodule[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(11):2584-2590
[33]李秀平,李穆,年海,等.甘蔗/大豆间作对甘蔗和大豆产量与品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(7):42-46LI X P,LI M,NIAN H,et al.Effect of sugarcane/soybean intercropping on growth,yield and quality of sugarcane and soybean[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2012,43(7):42-46
[34]李娟,王文丽,赵旭,等.根际分隔对玉米/豌豆间作种间竞争及豌豆结瘤固氮的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):177-183LI J,WANG W L,ZHAO X,et al.Effect of roots partitions on interspecific competition and nitrogen fixation in the pea-maize intercropping[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(6):177-183
[35]刘卫国,蒋涛,佘跃辉,等.大豆苗期茎秆对荫蔽胁迫响应的生理机制初探[J].中国油料作物学报,2011,33(2):141-146LIU W G,JIANG T,SHE Y H,et al.Preliminary study on physiological response mechanism of soybean(Glycine max)stem to shade stress at seedling stage[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2011,33(2):141-146
[36]林佩真,周惠民,樊庆笙.光照强度对大豆根瘤固氮作用的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1985,8(4):58-63LIN P Z,ZHOU H M,FAN Q S.Effect of light intensity on nitrogen fixation of rhizobium-soybean symbiosis[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,1985,8(4):58-63
[37]吴巍,赵军.植物对氮素吸收利用的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(13):75-78WU W,ZHAO J.Advances on plants’nitrogen assimilation and utilization[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(13):75-78
[38]张雷昌,汤利,董艳,等.根系互作影响玉米大豆间作作物氮吸收[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,31(6):1111-1119ZHANG L C,TANG L,DONG Y,et al.Nitrogen absorption of crops affected by root interaction in maize and soybean intercropping[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science,2016,31(6):1111-1119
[39]赵平,郑毅,汤利,等.小麦蚕豆间作施氮对小麦氮素吸收、累积的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):742-747ZHAO P,ZHENG Y,TANG L,et al.Effect of N supply and wheat/faba bean intercropping on N uptake and accumulation of wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(4):742-747
[40]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):1-8YU C B,SUN J H,LI L.Effect of interspecific interaction on crop growth and nutrition accumulation[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(1):1-8
[41]夏志超.根系分泌物介导的植物种间地下化学作用[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017XIA Z C.Root exudates mediated belowground chemical interactions between plants[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017
[42]杨雪芳.化感水稻对邻近植物的生物化学响应及其化感物质衍生物的抑草机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017YANG X F.Biological and chemical responses of allelopathic rice to neighboring plants and the weed-suppressive mechanisms of rice allelochemical derivatives[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017
[2]王自奎,吴普特,赵西宁,等.作物间套作群体光能截获和利用机理研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(6):1057-1066WANG Z K,WU P T,ZHAO X N,et al.A review of light interception and utilization by intercropped canopies[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(6):1057-1066
[3]夏海勇,李隆,张正.间套作体系土壤磷素吸收优势和机理研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(1):1-6XIA H Y,LI L,ZHANG Z.Research advances on soil phosphorus acquisition advantages and mechanisms in intercropping systems[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2015,(1):1-6
[4]张凤云,吴普特,赵西宁,等.间套作提高农田水分利用效率的节水机理[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1400-1406ZHANG F Y,WU P T,ZHAO X N,et al.Water-saving mechanisms of intercropping system in improving cropland water use efficiency[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(5):1400-1406
[5]肖靖秀,郑毅.间套作系统中作物的养分吸收利用与病虫害控制[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(3):150-154XIAO J X,ZHENG Y.Nutrients uptake and pests and diseases control of crops in intercropping system[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(3):150-154
[6]李隆.间套作强化农田生态系统服务功能的研究进展与应用展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):403-415LI L.Intercropping enhances agroecosystem services and functioning:Current knowledge and perspectives[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(4):403-415
[7]徐燕,郑毅,毛昆明,等.玉米魔芋间作条件下作物的氮素养分吸收规律研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(6):881-886XU Y,ZHENG Y,MAO K M,et al.Nitrogen uptake and utilization of plant in maize and konjaku intercropping[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2007,22(6):881-886
[8]柏文恋,郑毅,肖靖秀.豆科禾本科间作促进磷高效吸收利用的地下部生物学机制研究进展[J].作物杂志,2018,(4):20-27BAI W L,ZHENG Y,XIAO J X.Below-ground biotic mechanisms of phosphorus uptake and utilization improved by cereal and legume intercropping-a review[J].Crops,2018,(4):20-27
[9]付学鹏,吴凤芝,吴瑕,等.间套作改善作物矿质营养的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):525-535FU X P,WU F Z,WU X,et al.Advances in the mechanism of improving crop mineral nutrients in intercropping and relay intercropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(2):525-535
[10]王树起,沈其荣,褚贵新,等.种间竞争对旱作水稻与花生间作系统根系分布和氮素吸收积累的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(5):860-863WANG S Q,SHEN Q R,CHU G X,et al.Effect of interspecies competition on root distribution and nitrogen uptake of peanut and rice in intercropping in aerobic soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(5):860-863
[11]董楠.不同作物组合间作优势和时空稳定性的生态机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017DONG N.The ecological mechanism of yield advantage and spatio-temporal stability in different crop combinations[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017
[12]徐强.线辣椒/玉米套作生理生态机制研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007XU Q.Study on physiology and ecology mechanism of capsicum and maize relay intercropping system[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2007
[13]张德闪,李洪波,申建波.集约化互作体系植物根系高效获取土壤养分的策略与机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1547-1555ZHANG D S,LI H B,SHEN J B.Strategies for root’s foraging and acquiring soil nutrient in high efficiency under intensive cropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(6):1547-1555
[14]张少斌,梁开明,郭靖,等.基于生态位角度的农作物间套作增产机制研究进展[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(9):1005-1012ZHANG S B,LIANG K M,GUO J,et al.Yield improvement by intercropping-Viewed from a niche perspective[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,31(9):1005-1012
[15]肖焱波.豆科/禾本科间作体系中养分竞争和氮素转移研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003XIAO Y B.Interspecific competition for nutrients and nitrogen transfer between the intercropped legume and cereal[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2003
[16]谢凯,翁伯琦.玉米与旱地作物间作套种研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(6):26-32XIE K,WENG B Q.Research advances on intercropping technology of maize with other dryland crops[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(6):26-32
[17]赵叶舟,王浩铭,汪自强.豆科植物和根瘤菌在生态环境中的地位和作用[J].农业环境与发展,2013,30(4):7-12ZHAO Y Z,WANG H M,WANG Z Q.The role of leguminous plants and rhizobium in ecological environment[J].Agro-Environment and Development,2013,30(4):7-12
[18]陈文新,陈文峰.发挥生物固氮作用减少化学氮肥用量[J].中国农业科技导报,2004,6(6):3-6CHEN W X,CHEN W F.Exertion of biological nitrogen fixation in order to reducing the consumption of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,2004,6(6):3-6
[19]韦革宏,马占强.根瘤菌-豆科植物共生体系在重金属污染环境修复中的地位、应用及潜力[J].微生物学报,2010,50(11):1421-1430WEI G H,MA Z Q.Application of rhizobia-legume symbiosis for remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2010,50(11):1421-1430
[20]于晓波,苏本营,龚万灼,等.玉米-大豆带状套作对大豆根瘤性状和固氮能力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(9):1743-1753YU X B,SU B Y,GONG W Z,et al.The nodule characteristics and nitrogen fixation of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(9):1743-1753
[21]冯晓敏,杨永,臧华栋,等.燕麦花生间作系统作物氮素累积与转移规律[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):617-624FENG X M,YANG Y,ZANG H D,et al.Characteristics of crop nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen transfer in oat and peanut intercropping system[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2018,24(3):617-624
[22]赵财,柴强,乔寅英,等.禾豆间距对间作豌豆“氮阻遏”减缓效应的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1169-1176ZHAO C,CHAI Q,QIAO Y Y,et al.Effect of cereal-legume spacing in intercropping system on alleviating“N inhibition”in pea plants[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(9):1169-1176
[23]房增国,左元梅,赵秀芬,等.玉米-花生混作系统中的氮铁营养效应[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):134-139FANG Z G,ZUO Y M,ZHAO X F,et al.Effects of maize-peanut mixed cropping on N and Fe nutrition[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(1):134-139
[24]杨燕竹,杜青,陈平,等.玉米大豆播期衔接对间作大豆干物质积累及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):96-102YANG Y Z,DU Q,CHEN P,et al.Effect of maize and soybean sowing date cohesion on soybean dry matter accumulation and yield in intercropping[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2017,32(3):96-102
[25]范元芳,刘沁林,王锐,等.玉米-大豆带状间作对大豆生长、光合荧光特性及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):972-978FAN Y F,LIU Q L,WANG R,et al.Effects of shading on growth,photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield of soybean in maize-soybean intercropping systems[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(5):972-978
[26]王小春,杨文钰,邓小燕,等.玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯模式下玉米干物质积累与分配差异及氮肥的调控效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):46-57WANG X C,YANG W Y,DENG X Y,et al.Differences of dry matter accumulation and distribution of maize and their responses to nitrogen fertilization in maize/soybean and maize/sweet potato relay intercropping systems[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(1):46-57
[27]张晓娜,陈平,庞婷,等.玉米/豆科间作种植模式对作物干物质积累、分配及产量的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(4):484-490ZHANG X N,CHEN P,PANG T,et al.The effects of dry matter accumulation,distribution and yield in the maize/soybean and maize/peanut intercropping system[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2017,35(4):484-490
[28]刘文钰,雍太文,刘小明,等.减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中大豆根瘤固氮及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].大豆科学,2014,33(5):705-712LIU W Y,YONG T W,LIU X M,et al.Effect of reduced Napplication on nodule N fixation,N uptake and utilization of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system[J].Soybean Science,2014,33(5):705-712
[29]WILLEY R W,RAO M R.A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops[J].Experimental Agriculture,1980,16(2):117-125
[30]李玉英,胡汉升,程序,等.种间互作和施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作生态系统地上部和地下部生长的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(6):1617-1630LI Y Y,HU H S,CHENG X,et al.Effects of interspecific interactions and nitrogen fertilization rates on above-and below-growth in faba bean/maize intercropping system[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(6):1617-1630
[31]秦娟,上官周平.植物之间互作效应及其生理机制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(3):225-230QIN J,SHANGGUAN Z P.Interaction effect and physiological mechanism in plants[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(3):225-230
[32]左元梅,刘永秀,张福锁.玉米/花生混作改善花生铁营养对花生根瘤碳氮代谢及固氮的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(11):2584-2590ZUO Y M,LIU Y X,ZHANG F S.Effects of improved iron nutrition of peanut intercropped with maize on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen-fixing of peanut nodule[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(11):2584-2590
[33]李秀平,李穆,年海,等.甘蔗/大豆间作对甘蔗和大豆产量与品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(7):42-46LI X P,LI M,NIAN H,et al.Effect of sugarcane/soybean intercropping on growth,yield and quality of sugarcane and soybean[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2012,43(7):42-46
[34]李娟,王文丽,赵旭,等.根际分隔对玉米/豌豆间作种间竞争及豌豆结瘤固氮的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):177-183LI J,WANG W L,ZHAO X,et al.Effect of roots partitions on interspecific competition and nitrogen fixation in the pea-maize intercropping[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(6):177-183
[35]刘卫国,蒋涛,佘跃辉,等.大豆苗期茎秆对荫蔽胁迫响应的生理机制初探[J].中国油料作物学报,2011,33(2):141-146LIU W G,JIANG T,SHE Y H,et al.Preliminary study on physiological response mechanism of soybean(Glycine max)stem to shade stress at seedling stage[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2011,33(2):141-146
[36]林佩真,周惠民,樊庆笙.光照强度对大豆根瘤固氮作用的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1985,8(4):58-63LIN P Z,ZHOU H M,FAN Q S.Effect of light intensity on nitrogen fixation of rhizobium-soybean symbiosis[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,1985,8(4):58-63
[37]吴巍,赵军.植物对氮素吸收利用的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(13):75-78WU W,ZHAO J.Advances on plants’nitrogen assimilation and utilization[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(13):75-78
[38]张雷昌,汤利,董艳,等.根系互作影响玉米大豆间作作物氮吸收[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,31(6):1111-1119ZHANG L C,TANG L,DONG Y,et al.Nitrogen absorption of crops affected by root interaction in maize and soybean intercropping[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science,2016,31(6):1111-1119
[39]赵平,郑毅,汤利,等.小麦蚕豆间作施氮对小麦氮素吸收、累积的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):742-747ZHAO P,ZHENG Y,TANG L,et al.Effect of N supply and wheat/faba bean intercropping on N uptake and accumulation of wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(4):742-747
[40]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):1-8YU C B,SUN J H,LI L.Effect of interspecific interaction on crop growth and nutrition accumulation[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(1):1-8
[41]夏志超.根系分泌物介导的植物种间地下化学作用[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017XIA Z C.Root exudates mediated belowground chemical interactions between plants[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017
[42]杨雪芳.化感水稻对邻近植物的生物化学响应及其化感物质衍生物的抑草机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017YANG X F.Biological and chemical responses of allelopathic rice to neighboring plants and the weed-suppressive mechanisms of rice allelochemical derivatives[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017