《黄帝内经》“情志”类“志”的英译对比分析
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摘要
"五神"的概念最早见于《黄帝内经》,包括"神""魂""魄""意""志"。其中,"志"的出现频率仅次于"神",但对于"志"的英译研究非常有限,文章将探讨"志"的英译方法。界定"志"的内涵,分类梳理《黄帝内经》原文中所有涉及"志"的语篇,对比分析三个英语全译本中"情志"类"志"的英译。研究发现,三个译本中存在"志"的误译;同一译本相同含义的"志"译法不统一;三个译本"志"的英译差别大。翻译时应立足原文,保证翻译的准确;在同一译本或不同译本,尽量保持相同含义"志"的译文一致;对"志"的含义相同、句式相近的语篇,保证译文准确、保持译文语篇前后形式上的一致。
The concept of five spirits,"shen""hun""po""yi "and "zhi",is found in Huangdi Neijing. In the full text of HuangdiNeijing,the frequency of"zhi"is just less than that of"shen"among the five terms,yet the study on the connotation and translationof"zhi"is quite inadequate. This study aims at analyzing the English translation of"zhi". The authors firstly identified the connota-tion of five spirits,classified the meanings of"zhi"under different contexts,and then analyzed the English translation of one catego-ry—"qingzhi"in three English translation versions of Huangdi Neijing. There are some mistranslation of"zhi"due to misinterpreta-tion; the same"zhi"has been translated differently in one version; the same "zhi"has been translated differently among the threeversions. Correct translation of"zhi"should be based on accurate connotation and appropriate contexts of"zhi". For the same conno-tation"zhi",consistence should be kept in translation.
The concept of five spirits,"shen""hun""po""yi "and "zhi",is found in Huangdi Neijing. In the full text of HuangdiNeijing,the frequency of"zhi"is just less than that of"shen"among the five terms,yet the study on the connotation and translationof"zhi"is quite inadequate. This study aims at analyzing the English translation of"zhi". The authors firstly identified the connota-tion of five spirits,classified the meanings of"zhi"under different contexts,and then analyzed the English translation of one catego-ry—"qingzhi"in three English translation versions of Huangdi Neijing. There are some mistranslation of"zhi"due to misinterpreta-tion; the same"zhi"has been translated differently in one version; the same "zhi"has been translated differently among the threeversions. Correct translation of"zhi"should be based on accurate connotation and appropriate contexts of"zhi". For the same conno-tation"zhi",consistence should be kept in translation.
引文
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[2]张庆荣.神的概念及英语翻译[J].中医杂志,2013,54(10):831-834.
[3]潘大为.中医术语“神”的英译[J].中国科技术语,2017,19(3):32-34.
[4]吴义凤.《黄帝内经》中“神”的英译探析[D].浙江师范大学博士论文,2016.
[5]张登本,武长春.内经词典[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990.
[6]高明周,刘欢.中医术语“情志”英译刍议[J].中国科技术语,2016,18(3):45-46.
[7]许慎.说文解字[M].北京:中华书局,1963.
[8]王力.王力古汉语词典[M].北京:中华书局,2015.
[9]郭霭春,李思源.黄帝内经词典[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1991.
[10]刘哲,翟双庆.论《内经》中肾之神为精志[J].吉林中医药,2016,36(10):983-987.
[11]张登本.“肾精、肾气、肾阴、肾阳”析[J].陕西中医学院学报,1982(1):24-26.
[12]吴连胜,吴奇,译.黄帝内经(汉英对照)[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1997.
[13]李照国,刘希茹.黄帝内经·素问[M].西安:世界图书出版公司,2005.
[14]李照国,刘希茹.黄帝内经·灵枢[M].西安:世界图书出版公司,2008.
[15]吕聪明.黄帝内经·难经全译本[M].2版.温哥华:温哥华国际中医学院出版社,2004.
[16]陆谷孙.牛津高阶英汉双解词典[M].8版.北京:商务印书馆,2014.
[17]山东中医学院,河北中医学院.黄帝内经素问校释[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
[18]河北中医学院.灵枢经校释[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
[19]李照国.论中医名词术语的翻译原则[J].上海科技翻译,1996(3):31-33.
[20]郭霭春.黄帝内经素问校注语译[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1981.
[21]李照国.《黄帝内经》英译得失谈[J].中国科技翻译,2009,22(4):3-7.