电厂粉煤灰固定二氧化碳实验研究
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摘要
通过湿法碳酸化的方法研究不同固液比(质量比)、温度、压力和反应时间对粉煤灰固定CO_2的影响。采用XRF,XRD和SEM-EDS分析了粉煤灰和固化产物的相组成和微观结构。结果表明:粉煤灰固定CO_2的量随着温度升高和固液比增加而降低;当反应温度、反应时间、初始压力、固液比和搅拌速度分别为60℃,120min,3.6 MPa,1∶2.5和300r/min时,粉煤灰固碳效率可达69.98%。1t粉煤灰可固定43.13kg CO_2。不同温度下粉煤灰固定CO_2的准一级动力学方程拟合曲线的R~2均值为0.875;准二级动力学方程拟合相关性更好,R~2均值为0.947;随着温度降低,准二级动力学方程的速率常数增大。
The effects of different solid-liquid ratios(mass ratio,the same below),temperatures,pressures and reaction times,on the effect of CO_2 sequestration by coal flyash were studied by the means of aqueous carbonation.XRF,XRD,and SEM-EDS methods were used to analyze the phase composition,and microstructure of the coal flyash slag material and cured product.The results show that as the increase of temperature and the enlargement of solid-liquid ratio,the amount of CO_2 fixed by coal flyash decreases.When the reaction temperature,reaction time,initial pressure,solid-liquid ratio and stirring speed are 60℃,120 min,3.6MPa,1∶2.5and 300r/min respectively,the carbonation efficiency of coal flyash reaches 69.98%.1 to fcoal flyash can sequester up to 43.13 kg CO_2.At different temperatures,the average R~2 values of the quasi-first-order kinetic equations fitting curves of the coal flyash fixed CO_2 is 0.862,and the average R~2 values for the quasi-second-order kinetic curve is 0.910.The results show that the fitting correlation of the quasi-second-order kinetic is better.And with the reduction of temperature,the rate constant of the quasi-second-order kinetic equation increases.
The effects of different solid-liquid ratios(mass ratio,the same below),temperatures,pressures and reaction times,on the effect of CO_2 sequestration by coal flyash were studied by the means of aqueous carbonation.XRF,XRD,and SEM-EDS methods were used to analyze the phase composition,and microstructure of the coal flyash slag material and cured product.The results show that as the increase of temperature and the enlargement of solid-liquid ratio,the amount of CO_2 fixed by coal flyash decreases.When the reaction temperature,reaction time,initial pressure,solid-liquid ratio and stirring speed are 60℃,120 min,3.6MPa,1∶2.5and 300r/min respectively,the carbonation efficiency of coal flyash reaches 69.98%.1 to fcoal flyash can sequester up to 43.13 kg CO_2.At different temperatures,the average R~2 values of the quasi-first-order kinetic equations fitting curves of the coal flyash fixed CO_2 is 0.862,and the average R~2 values for the quasi-second-order kinetic curve is 0.910.The results show that the fitting correlation of the quasi-second-order kinetic is better.And with the reduction of temperature,the rate constant of the quasi-second-order kinetic equation increases.
引文
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[27]WU J C S,SHEEN J D,CHEN S Y,et al.Feasibility of CO2Fixation via Artificial Rock Weathering[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2001,40(18):3902-3905.
[28]LEE Myung gyu,JANG Young Nam,RYU Kyung won,et al.Mineral Carbonation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum for CO2Sequestration[J].Energy,2012,47(1):370-377.
[29]JO Ho Young,KIM Jin Ha,LEE Young Jae,et al.Evaluation of Factors Affecting Mineral Carbonation of CO2 Using Coal Fly Ash in Aqueous Solutions Under Ambient Conditions[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,183:77-87.
[30]UKWATTAGE N L,RANJITH P G,YELLISHETTY M,et al.A Laboratory-scale Study of the Aqueous Mineral Carbonation of Coal Fly Ash for CO2Sequestration[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,103:665-674.
[31]吴昊泽,丁亮,潘正昭,等.钢渣及电石渣与废弃混凝土固化储存CO2基本参数研究[J].粉煤灰,2010(6):3-5.WU Haoze,DING Liang,PAN Zhengzhao,et al.Study of the Basic Parameters of CO2Sequestration by Steel Slag,Carbide Slag and Waste Concrete[J].Coal Ash,2010(6):3-5.
[32]张尚军,张宇,胡静娟,等.煤炭地下气化矿物碳酸化固定二氧化碳的研究[J].煤炭转化,2013,36(3):9-13.ZHANG Shangjun,ZHANG Yu,HU Jingjuan,et al.Study on the Fixation of Carbon Dioxide Mineral Carbonation During Underground Coal Gasification[J].Coal Conversion,2013,36(3):9-13.
[33]PAN Shuyuan,CHANG E E,CHIANG Penchi.CO2Capture by Accelerated Carbonation of Alkaline Wastes:a Review on Its Principles and Applications[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2012,12:770-791.
[34]JI Long,YU Hai,YU Bing,et al.Insights into Carbonation Kinetics of Fly Ash from Victorian Lignite for CO2Sequestration[J].Energy and Fuels,2018,32(4):4569-4578.
[2]DOMAN L E,ARORA V,METELITSA A,et al.World Energy Demand and Economic Outlook[R].U.S.Energy Information Administration,2013:9-19.
[3]赵毅,赵丽媛,钱新凤.电力行业二氧化碳减排策略分析与展望[J].电力科技与环保,2015,31(5):14-16.ZHAO Yi,ZHAO Liyuan,QIAN Xinfeng.Strategic Analysis and Prospect on Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction of Power Industry[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2015,31(5):14-16.
[4]高文永,单葆国.中国能源供需特点与能源结构调整[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),2010(5):1-6.GAO Wenyong,SHAN Baoguo.Characteristics of Energy Supply and Demand and Adjustment of Energy Structure in China[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Social Sciences),2010(5):1-6.
[5]徐丽娜,赵涛,刘广为,等.中国能源强度变动与能源结构、产业结构的动态效应分析[J].经济问题探索,2013(7):40-44.XU Li’na,ZHAO Tao,LIU Guangwei,et al.Analysis on Dynamic Effect of Energy Intensity Change,Energy Structure and Industrial Structure in China[J].Inquiry into Economic Issues,2013(7):40-44.
[6]朱文超.中国发展低碳经济的能源效率及经济结构调整问题研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2013:138.ZHU Wenchao.Studying Chinese Energy Efficiency and Econimc Structure in Developing Low Carbon Economy[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2013:138.
[7]姜克隽,贺晨旻,庄幸,等.我国能源活动CO2排放在2020-2022年之间达到峰值情景和可行性研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2016,12(3):167-171.JIANG Kejun,HE Chenmin,ZHUANG Xing,et al.Scenario and Feasibility Study for Peaking CO2 Emission from Energy Activities in China[J].Climate Change Research,2016,12(3):167-171.
[8]LACKNER K S.A Guide to CO2Sequestration[J].Science,2003,300(5626):1677-1678.
[9]LACKNER K S,BUTT D P,WENDT C H.Progress on Binding CO2in Mineral Substrates[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1997,38:S259-S264.
[10]O’CONNOR W K,DAHLIN D C,NILSEN D N,et al.Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Direct Mineral Carbonation with Carbonic Acid[C]∥Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems,Clearwater,Florida,2000.
[11]DINDI Abdallah,QUANG Dang Viet,NASHEF Enas,et al.Effect of PEI Impregnation on the CO2Capture Performance of Activated Fly Ash[J].Energy Procedia,2017(114):2243-2251.
[12]GUNNING P J,HILLS C D,CAREY P J,et al.Accelerated Carbonation Treatment of Industrial Wastes[J].Waste Management,2010,30(6):1081-1090.
[13]HUIJGEN W J J,WITKAMP G J,COMANS R N J,et al.Mineral CO2Sequestration by Steel Slag Carbonation[J].Environment Science and Technology,2005,39(24):9676-9682.
[14]CRDENAS-ESCUDERO C,MORALES-FLREZ V,PREZ-LPEZ R,et al.Procedure to Use Phospho Gypsum Industrial Waste for Mineral CO2Sequestration[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,196:431-435.
[15]涂茂霞,雷泽,吕晓芳,等.水淬钢渣碳酸化固定CO2[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(9):4514-4518.TU Maoxia,LEI Ze,LYV Xiaofang,et al.Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Water Quenched Steel Slag[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(9):4514-4518.
[16]蒋建国,陈懋吉吉,张妍,等.城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰对CO2的固定[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(12):2074-2078.JIANG Jianguo,CHEN Maozhe,ZHANG Yan,et al.Sequestration of CO2Using Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2008,48(12):2074-2078.
[17]何思祺,孙红娟,彭同江,等.磷石膏碳酸化固定二氧化碳的实验研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2013,32(6):899-904.HE Siqi,SUN Hongjuan,PENG Tongjiang,et al.A Study of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Phosphogypsum Carbonation[J].Acta Petrologica ET Mineralogica,2013,32(6):899-904.
[18]苏佳纯,孙洋洲.粉煤灰吸附二氧化碳在节能减排领域的应用[J].煤炭转化,2012,35(1):90-93.SUN Jiachun,SUN Yangzhou.Potential Industrial Application of Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide by Coal Ashes[J].Coal Conversion,2012,35(1):90-93.
[19]NYAMBURA M G,MUGERA G W,FELICIA P L,et al.Carbonation of Brine Impacted Fractionated Coal Fly Ash:Implications for CO2Sequestration[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):655-664.
[20]SANNA A,DRI M,HALL M R,et al.Waste Materials for Carbon Capture and Storage by Mineralisation(CCSM):A UKPerspective[J].Applied Energy,2012,99:545-554.
[21]FERNNDEZ BERTOS M,LI X,SIMONS S J R,et al.Investigation of Accelerated Carbonation for the Stabilisation of MSW Incinerator Ashes and the Sequestration of CO2[J].Green Chemistry,2004,6(8):428-436.
[22]COSTA G,BACIOCCHI R,POLETTINI A,et al.Current Status and Perspectives of Accelerated Carbonation Processes on Municipal Waste Combustion Residues[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2007,135(1/2/3):55-75.
[23]MONTES-HERNANDEZ G,PREZ-LPEZ R,RENARD F,et al.Mineral Sequestration of CO2by Aqueous Carbonation of Coal Combustion Fly-ash[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2):1347-1354.
[24]JI Long,YU Hai,WANG Xiaolong,et al.CO2Sequestration by Direct Mineralization Using Fly Ash from Chinese Shenfu Coal[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2017,156:429-437.
[25]TAMILSELVI DANANJAYAN R R,KANDASAMY P,ANDIMUTHU R.Direct Mineral Carbonation of Coal Fly Ash for CO2Sequestration[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,112:4173-4182.
[26]CHEN Zhongying,O’CONNOR W K,GERDEMANN S J.Chemistry of Aqueous Mineral Carbonation for Carbon Sequestration and Explanation of Experimental Results[J].Environmental Progress,2006,25(2):161-166.
[27]WU J C S,SHEEN J D,CHEN S Y,et al.Feasibility of CO2Fixation via Artificial Rock Weathering[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2001,40(18):3902-3905.
[28]LEE Myung gyu,JANG Young Nam,RYU Kyung won,et al.Mineral Carbonation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum for CO2Sequestration[J].Energy,2012,47(1):370-377.
[29]JO Ho Young,KIM Jin Ha,LEE Young Jae,et al.Evaluation of Factors Affecting Mineral Carbonation of CO2 Using Coal Fly Ash in Aqueous Solutions Under Ambient Conditions[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,183:77-87.
[30]UKWATTAGE N L,RANJITH P G,YELLISHETTY M,et al.A Laboratory-scale Study of the Aqueous Mineral Carbonation of Coal Fly Ash for CO2Sequestration[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,103:665-674.
[31]吴昊泽,丁亮,潘正昭,等.钢渣及电石渣与废弃混凝土固化储存CO2基本参数研究[J].粉煤灰,2010(6):3-5.WU Haoze,DING Liang,PAN Zhengzhao,et al.Study of the Basic Parameters of CO2Sequestration by Steel Slag,Carbide Slag and Waste Concrete[J].Coal Ash,2010(6):3-5.
[32]张尚军,张宇,胡静娟,等.煤炭地下气化矿物碳酸化固定二氧化碳的研究[J].煤炭转化,2013,36(3):9-13.ZHANG Shangjun,ZHANG Yu,HU Jingjuan,et al.Study on the Fixation of Carbon Dioxide Mineral Carbonation During Underground Coal Gasification[J].Coal Conversion,2013,36(3):9-13.
[33]PAN Shuyuan,CHANG E E,CHIANG Penchi.CO2Capture by Accelerated Carbonation of Alkaline Wastes:a Review on Its Principles and Applications[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2012,12:770-791.
[34]JI Long,YU Hai,YU Bing,et al.Insights into Carbonation Kinetics of Fly Ash from Victorian Lignite for CO2Sequestration[J].Energy and Fuels,2018,32(4):4569-4578.