页岩气加砂压裂高压管汇失效爆裂风险控制措施研究与实践
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摘要
随着页岩气平台井工厂化压裂施工启动,在大排量、高压力、长时间施工条件下,高压管汇失效爆裂大幅增加。为减少高压管汇在压裂过程中失效爆裂风险,运用故障假设、因果分析法从人的因素、物的因素、技术工艺、生产管理、工作环境5个方面分析事故的原因,提出了提升采购产品质量、修订完善高压管汇使用技术规范和管理制度、实施专业化管理、应用大数据管理高压管汇、优化现场地面高压管汇流程分配布局设计与联接工艺等高压管汇失效爆裂风险预防控制措施和失效后应急安全防护措施,建立了生命周期全过程、专业化的高压管汇失效爆裂防控与应急防护体系,实现风险可防受控。为页岩气压裂作业的安全提供了参考。
The failure and burst of high-pressure manifold increases significantly under the conditions of large flow rate, high pressure and long-time operation during fracturing process of shale gas platform wells. There are five factors related to high pressure manifold failure burst risk during fracturing, including human factor,material factor, technology factor, production management and working environment. The cause of accidents were analyzed accordingly using fault assumption combing with causal analysis method. Subsequently, the strategies of control and prevention of high-pressure manifold risks and emergency disposal measures were proposed including improvement of the quality of the procurement deliverables, advance of the technical specifications and management system, implement of professional management, application of big-data in highpressure manifolds management, optimization of the layout design and connection process of high-pressure manifolds. The risks can be controlled by implementing whole lifecycle prevention and emergency protection system. This research provides a reference for safety management during fracturing operation in shale gas field.
The failure and burst of high-pressure manifold increases significantly under the conditions of large flow rate, high pressure and long-time operation during fracturing process of shale gas platform wells. There are five factors related to high pressure manifold failure burst risk during fracturing, including human factor,material factor, technology factor, production management and working environment. The cause of accidents were analyzed accordingly using fault assumption combing with causal analysis method. Subsequently, the strategies of control and prevention of high-pressure manifold risks and emergency disposal measures were proposed including improvement of the quality of the procurement deliverables, advance of the technical specifications and management system, implement of professional management, application of big-data in highpressure manifolds management, optimization of the layout design and connection process of high-pressure manifolds. The risks can be controlled by implementing whole lifecycle prevention and emergency protection system. This research provides a reference for safety management during fracturing operation in shale gas field.
引文
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[2]杨宏刚,赵江平,郭进平,等.人—机系统事故预防理论研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(2):21-16.
[3]吴超.安全科学方法学[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障部出版社,2011:75-79.
[4]王璐,苏东.基于风险管理理论的冶金企业危险作业风险管控[J].工业安全与环保,2015,41(5):90,97-98.
[5]程小军.工艺装置全过程的安全管理[J].安全,2016, 37(4):43-44.
[6]陈九安,尹志慧.石油天然气管道建设施工安全探析[J].安全,2017,38(12):40-41.