光质对韭菜碳氮代谢、生长和品质的影响
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摘要
以‘平韭2号’为试材,以白光(W)处理为对照(CK),研究白+红(WR)、白+蓝(WB)、白+绿(WG)、白+紫(WP) 4种不同光质处理对韭菜碳氮代谢、生长和品质的影响.结果表明:WR处理韭菜的光合速率(Pn)显著高于CK,而WB、WG和WP与CK无显著差异,但RuBP羧化酶(Ru BPCase)活性均显著高于CK.各处理相比,总糖含量以WR最高,WP其次,WB和WG最低.WR下韭菜蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性显著高于CK,其余三者均显著低于CK,其中以WB最低,但蔗糖合成酶(SS)和淀粉酶(AMS)活性均以WB最高,WR最低,WG和WP的SS活性与CK无差异,但AMS活性显著低于CK.可见,增加红、紫光比例可促进韭菜碳的同化和转化,加速糖的积累.总氮、蛋白氮含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性以WB最高,显著高于CK,但WB下谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性最低,显著低于CK; WR的蛋白氮和非蛋白氮含量、NR和GS活性最低,显著低于CK,GOGAT和GDH活性显著高于CK,且GDH在所有处理中最高; WG的全氮、非蛋白氮含量及GDH活性均显著低于CK,但蛋白氮含量、NR和GOGAT活性显著高于CK,WP的氮含量及相关酶活性呈现出与WG相同的趋势,且GS活性亦同样高于CK.说明增加蓝光、紫光和绿光可使韭菜氮代谢增强,而增加红光对蛋白质的合成有一定的抑制作用.红光和紫光下韭菜生长较好,而蓝光则抑制其加粗生长,叶片较薄,单株生长量较低.紫光下韭菜的粗纤维含量最低,营养品质最优,因此,紫光对韭菜的生长最有利.
We examined the effect of white + red( WR),white + blue( WB),white + green( WG),white + purple( WP) on the carbon-nitrogen metabolism,growth and quality of Chinese chives,with ‘Pingjiu 2'as the material and white light( W) as the control. The results showed that photosynthetic rate( Pn) in WR treatment was significantly higher than that in the control( CK) and that there was no difference among WB,WG,WP and CK. The activity of RuBPCase in all the four treatments was higher than that in CK. Compared with other treatments,WR showed the highest total sugar content,then WP,with WB and WG showing the lowest. Compared with CK,sucrose phosphate synthase( SPS) activity in WR was higher,and lower in the other three treatments,especially the lowest in WB. WB showed the highest activity of sucrose synthetase( SS) and amylase( AMS),WR displayed the lowest as well as the similar or lower in WG or WP compared with CK. These results implied that the increases of the proportion of red and purple light could improve carbon assimilation and transformation and thus accelerate sugar accumulation of Chinese chives. The content of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,the activities of NR,GS and GOGAT of WB were the highest among all the treatments. The GDH activity of WB was the lowest and notably lower compared with CK. WR showed the lower contents of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,the activities of NR and GS,and higher activities of GOGAT and GDH than those in CK,while the GDH activity of WR was the highest. WG showed lower total nitrogen,no-protein nitrogen content,and GDH activity,but higher protein nitrogen,NR and GOGAT activities than those in CK. Compared with the control,WP showed the similar results as WG,besides the higher GS activity,with most of these parameters in WP being better than in WG. These results indicated that blue,purple and green light could promote nitrogen metabolism,while red light might inhibit protein synthesis in Chinese chives. The growth of Chinese chives was much better under red and purple light,but worse under blue light,which led to thinner leaves and lower growth mass. Chinese chives of WP with the lowest crude fiber content showed the optimal comprehensive quality. Therefore,purple light exhibited the best effect on the growth of Chinese chives.
We examined the effect of white + red( WR),white + blue( WB),white + green( WG),white + purple( WP) on the carbon-nitrogen metabolism,growth and quality of Chinese chives,with ‘Pingjiu 2'as the material and white light( W) as the control. The results showed that photosynthetic rate( Pn) in WR treatment was significantly higher than that in the control( CK) and that there was no difference among WB,WG,WP and CK. The activity of RuBPCase in all the four treatments was higher than that in CK. Compared with other treatments,WR showed the highest total sugar content,then WP,with WB and WG showing the lowest. Compared with CK,sucrose phosphate synthase( SPS) activity in WR was higher,and lower in the other three treatments,especially the lowest in WB. WB showed the highest activity of sucrose synthetase( SS) and amylase( AMS),WR displayed the lowest as well as the similar or lower in WG or WP compared with CK. These results implied that the increases of the proportion of red and purple light could improve carbon assimilation and transformation and thus accelerate sugar accumulation of Chinese chives. The content of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,the activities of NR,GS and GOGAT of WB were the highest among all the treatments. The GDH activity of WB was the lowest and notably lower compared with CK. WR showed the lower contents of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,the activities of NR and GS,and higher activities of GOGAT and GDH than those in CK,while the GDH activity of WR was the highest. WG showed lower total nitrogen,no-protein nitrogen content,and GDH activity,but higher protein nitrogen,NR and GOGAT activities than those in CK. Compared with the control,WP showed the similar results as WG,besides the higher GS activity,with most of these parameters in WP being better than in WG. These results indicated that blue,purple and green light could promote nitrogen metabolism,while red light might inhibit protein synthesis in Chinese chives. The growth of Chinese chives was much better under red and purple light,but worse under blue light,which led to thinner leaves and lower growth mass. Chinese chives of WP with the lowest crude fiber content showed the optimal comprehensive quality. Therefore,purple light exhibited the best effect on the growth of Chinese chives.
引文
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[14]Ning Y(宁宇),Deng H-H(邓惠惠),Li Q-M(李清明),et al.Effects of red and blue light quality on the metabolites and key enzyme activities of carbon-nitrogen metabolism in celery.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2015,51(1):112-118(in Chinese)
[15]Gao J-F(高俊凤).Guide to Physiological Experiment of Plant.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006(in Chinese)
[16]Xue Y-L(薛应龙).Experimental Manual of Plant Physiology.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1985(in Chinese)
[17]Bao S-D(鲍士旦).Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000(in Chinese)
[18]Wang X-K(王学奎).Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006(in Chinese)
[19]Wang X-C(王小纯),Xiong S-P(熊淑萍),Ma X-M(马新明),et al.Effects of different nitrogen forms on key enzyme activity involved in nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content in speciality wheat cultivars.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(4):802-807(in Chinese)
[20]Liu S-Y(刘淑云),Dong S-T(董树亭),Zhao B-Q(赵秉强),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism(ENM)of maize leaf.Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),2007,33(2):278-283(in Chinese)
[21]Li H-S(李合生).Plant Physiological and Biochemical Principles and Experimental Technique.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[22]Shi H-Z(史宏志),Han J-F(韩锦峰).Discussion of several carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco.Tobacco Science&Technology(烟草科技),1998(2):34-36(in Chinese)
[23]Shi H-Z(史宏志),Han J-F(韩锦峰),Guan C-Y(官春云),et al.Effects of red and blue light proportion on leaf growth,carbon-nitrogen metabolism and quality in tobacco.Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),1999,25(2):215-220(in Chinese)
[24]Li S-S(李韶山),Pan R-C(潘瑞炽).Blue light effects in plants.Plant Physiology Communications(植物生理学通讯),1993,29(4):248-252(in Chinese)
[25]Xiao C-S(肖春生),Chen Y(陈颐),Zhong Y-F(钟越峰),et al.The effect on different proportion of red blue light to growth and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the tobacco seedling.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2013,29(22):160-166(in Chinese)
[26]SbA,Krekling T,Appelgren M.Light quality affects photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of birch plantlets in vitro.Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,1995,41:177-185
[27]Zhang H(张欢),Xu Z-G(徐志刚),Cui J(崔瑾),et al.Effects of light quality on the growth and chloroplast ultrastructure of tomato and lettuce seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(4):959-965(in Chinese)
[28]Brown CS,Schuerger AC,Sager JC.Growth and photomorphogenesis of pepper plants under red light-emitting diodes with supplemental blue or far-red lighting.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1995,120:808-813
[29]Deng J-M(邓江明),Cai Q-Y(蔡群英),Pan R-C(潘瑞炽).Effect of light quality on the contents of protein and free amino acids in rice seedlings.Chinese Bulletin of Botany(植物学通报),2000,17(5):419-423(in Chinese)
[2]Li Q,Kubota C.Effects of supplemental light quality on growth and phytochemicals of baby leaf lettuce.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2009,67:59-64
[3]Bantisa F,Ouzounisb T,Radoglou K.Artificial LEDlighting enhances growth characteristics and total phenolic content of Ocimum basilicum,but variably affects transplant success.Scientia Horticulturae,2016,198:277-283
[4]Liu Q(刘庆),Lian H-F(连海峰),Liu S-Q(刘世琦),et al.Effects of different LED light qualities on photosynthetic characteristics,fruit production and quality of strawberry.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(6):1743-1750(in Chinese)
[5]Cao G(曹刚),Zhang G-B(张国斌),Yu J-H(郁继华),et al.Effects of different LED light qualities on cucumber seedling growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2013,46(6):1297-1304(in Chinese)
[6]Yan M-M(闫萌萌),Wang M-L(王铭伦),Wang H-B(王洪波),et al.Effects of light quality on photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut seedling leaves.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(2):483-487(in Chinese)
[7]Guo Y-S(郭银生),Gu A-S(谷艾素),Cui J(崔瑾).Effects of light quality on rice seedlings growth and physiological characteristics.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(6):1485-1492(in Chinese)
[8]Zhang L-W(张立伟),Liu S-Q(刘世琦),Zhang Z-K(张自坤),et al.Effects of light qualities on the nutritive quality of radish sprouts.Acta Nutrimenta Sinica(营养学报),2010,32(4):390-392(in Chinese)
[9]Pu G-B(蒲高斌),Liu S-Q(刘世琦),Liu L(刘磊),et al.Effects of different light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlings.Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2005,32(3):420-425(in Chinese)
[10]Hernandez R,Kubota C.Physiological responses of cucumber seedlings under different blue and red photon flux ratios using LEDs.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2016,121:66-74
[11]Lin KH,Huang MY,Huang WD,et al.The effects of red,blue,and white light-emitting diodes on the growth,development,and edible quality of hydroponically grown lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.var.capitata).Scientia Horticulturae,2013,150:86-91
[12]Tang X-M(唐秀梅),Zhong R-C(钟瑞春),Jie H-K(揭红科),et al.Effect of interplanting peanut on metabolites and key enzyme activities of carbon-nitrogen metabolism of cassava.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2011,27(3):94-98(in Chinese)
[13]Sun N(孙娜),Wei M(魏珉),Li Y(李岩),et al.Effects of light quality on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and enzyme activities in tomato seedlings.Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2016,43(1):80-88(in Chinese)
[14]Ning Y(宁宇),Deng H-H(邓惠惠),Li Q-M(李清明),et al.Effects of red and blue light quality on the metabolites and key enzyme activities of carbon-nitrogen metabolism in celery.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2015,51(1):112-118(in Chinese)
[15]Gao J-F(高俊凤).Guide to Physiological Experiment of Plant.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006(in Chinese)
[16]Xue Y-L(薛应龙).Experimental Manual of Plant Physiology.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1985(in Chinese)
[17]Bao S-D(鲍士旦).Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000(in Chinese)
[18]Wang X-K(王学奎).Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006(in Chinese)
[19]Wang X-C(王小纯),Xiong S-P(熊淑萍),Ma X-M(马新明),et al.Effects of different nitrogen forms on key enzyme activity involved in nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content in speciality wheat cultivars.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(4):802-807(in Chinese)
[20]Liu S-Y(刘淑云),Dong S-T(董树亭),Zhao B-Q(赵秉强),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism(ENM)of maize leaf.Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),2007,33(2):278-283(in Chinese)
[21]Li H-S(李合生).Plant Physiological and Biochemical Principles and Experimental Technique.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[22]Shi H-Z(史宏志),Han J-F(韩锦峰).Discussion of several carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco.Tobacco Science&Technology(烟草科技),1998(2):34-36(in Chinese)
[23]Shi H-Z(史宏志),Han J-F(韩锦峰),Guan C-Y(官春云),et al.Effects of red and blue light proportion on leaf growth,carbon-nitrogen metabolism and quality in tobacco.Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),1999,25(2):215-220(in Chinese)
[24]Li S-S(李韶山),Pan R-C(潘瑞炽).Blue light effects in plants.Plant Physiology Communications(植物生理学通讯),1993,29(4):248-252(in Chinese)
[25]Xiao C-S(肖春生),Chen Y(陈颐),Zhong Y-F(钟越峰),et al.The effect on different proportion of red blue light to growth and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the tobacco seedling.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2013,29(22):160-166(in Chinese)
[26]SbA,Krekling T,Appelgren M.Light quality affects photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of birch plantlets in vitro.Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,1995,41:177-185
[27]Zhang H(张欢),Xu Z-G(徐志刚),Cui J(崔瑾),et al.Effects of light quality on the growth and chloroplast ultrastructure of tomato and lettuce seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(4):959-965(in Chinese)
[28]Brown CS,Schuerger AC,Sager JC.Growth and photomorphogenesis of pepper plants under red light-emitting diodes with supplemental blue or far-red lighting.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1995,120:808-813
[29]Deng J-M(邓江明),Cai Q-Y(蔡群英),Pan R-C(潘瑞炽).Effect of light quality on the contents of protein and free amino acids in rice seedlings.Chinese Bulletin of Botany(植物学通报),2000,17(5):419-423(in Chinese)