鳞片石墨的提纯工艺研究现状与展望
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摘要
石墨作为一种战略性的非金属矿产资源,具有抗辐射、导电导热、抗腐蚀、耐高低温等优异性能,被广泛应用于冶金、汽车、原子能、化工、国防、核电及航空航天等领域。石墨的纯度决定着石墨制品的性能和应用,我国石墨中固定碳的含量较低,而高新产业要求石墨中固定碳的含量在99%以上,因此,对石墨的提纯要求越来越高。综述了鳞片石墨的提纯研究和工业应用现状,讨论了浮选法、碱酸法、氢氟酸法、氯化焙烧法、高温提纯法的原理和优缺点,并指出采用磨浮技术对原料进行预处理,后续选用无毒环保药剂、低耗节能高效设备对其进一步纯化是鳞片石墨高纯化的发展方向。
Graphite,a strategic non-metallic mineral resource,has the excellent features of radiation resistance,electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and high and low temperature resistance. It has been widely used in metallurgy,automobile,atomic energy,chemical industry,defense,nuclear power and aerospace fields. The purity of graphite determines the performance and application of graphite products,China's fixed carbon content in graphite is low,while it's required fixed carbon content of graphite in more than 99% in high-tech industries,therefore,the purification of graphite requirements are more and more higher. The purification of flake graphite and its industrial application are reviewed. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of flotation, alkali acid,hydrofluoric acid, chlorination and high temperature purification are discussed. The technology of grinding-flotations are used as raw materials for pretreatment are pointed out,follow-up selection of nontoxic environmental protection agents,low energy-efficient equipment for further purification of flake graphite is the development direction of high purity.
Graphite,a strategic non-metallic mineral resource,has the excellent features of radiation resistance,electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and high and low temperature resistance. It has been widely used in metallurgy,automobile,atomic energy,chemical industry,defense,nuclear power and aerospace fields. The purity of graphite determines the performance and application of graphite products,China's fixed carbon content in graphite is low,while it's required fixed carbon content of graphite in more than 99% in high-tech industries,therefore,the purification of graphite requirements are more and more higher. The purification of flake graphite and its industrial application are reviewed. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of flotation, alkali acid,hydrofluoric acid, chlorination and high temperature purification are discussed. The technology of grinding-flotations are used as raw materials for pretreatment are pointed out,follow-up selection of nontoxic environmental protection agents,low energy-efficient equipment for further purification of flake graphite is the development direction of high purity.
引文
[1]葛鹏,王化军,解琳,等.石墨提纯方法进展[J].金属矿山,2010(10):38-43.
[2]罗立群,谭旭升,田金星.石墨提纯工艺研究进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(8):2110-2116.
[3]李志远,李国荣.国内外石墨提纯技术的现状分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2013(1):64-65.
[4]Yang Y K,Chuang M T,Lin S S.Optimization of dry machining parameters for high-purity graphite in end milling process via design of experiments methods[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2009,209(9):4395-4400.
[5]尹丽文.世界石墨资源开发利用现状[J].国土资源情报,2011(6):29-32.
[6]张琳,方建军,赵敏捷,等.隐晶质石墨提纯研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(1):26-267.
[7]Yang Y K,Shie J R,Huang C H.Optimization of dry machining parameters for high-purity graphite in end-milling process[J].Materials and Manufacturing Processes,2006,21(8):832-837.
[8]Zaghib K,Song X,Guerfi A,et al.Purification process of natural graphite as anode for Li-ion batteries:chemical versus thermal[J].Journal of Power Sources,2003,119:8-15.
[9]魏丽丹,张文斌.石墨提纯方法现状及发展趋势[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2013,26(6):26-27.
[10]冯其明,陈云,杨永岗.隐晶质石墨提纯研究[J].矿产保护与利用,2003(3):20-22.
[11]谭旭升,罗立群,田金星,等.碱酸法纯化石墨试验研究[J].中国矿业,2015,24(1):137-140.
[12]荆正强,胡瑞彪.莫桑比克某球形石墨提纯试验[J].现代矿业,2015(3):230-232.
[13]葛鹏,王化军,赵晶,等.焙烧温度对加碱焙烧浸出法制备高纯石墨的影响[J].中国粉末技术,2010,16(2):27-30.
[14]姜芳,涂文懋.碱酸法提纯某微晶石墨[J].金属矿山,2014(9):82-84.
[15]刘凤春.碱煅烧法提纯石墨的试验研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2013(4):36-41.
[16]沈万慈.石墨产业的现代化与天然石墨的精细加工[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2005(6):3-7.
[17]肖奇,张清岑,刘建平.某地隐晶质石墨高纯化试验研究[J].矿产综合利用,2015(1):3-6.
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[20]周丹凤.低温可膨胀石墨的制备研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012.
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[24]韦敏,张凌燕,王文齐.辽宁某选铁尾矿浮选回收石墨试验研究[J].非金属矿,2016,39(3):81-83.
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[26]余悦,袁树礼,任佳,等.搅拌磨机用于高品位石墨精矿再磨提纯的试验研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2017(4):71-74.
[27]余学斌,方和平,肖玉菊,等.细鳞片中碳石墨的浮选提纯研究[J].矿产保护与利用,2000(1):14-16.
[28]陈琦,薛丽群,周立波,等.XZWXJ20浮选柱浮选石墨的应用[J].科技资讯,2014(5):21-21.
[29]方和平,肖玉菊.大鳞片中碳石墨浮选提纯研究[J].建材地质,1996(1):31-33.
[30]冯臻.煤系中隐晶石墨开发的初步研究[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2003(1):48-50.
[31]孙旺,郑诗礼,张亦飞,等.Na OH亚熔盐法处理拜尔法赤泥的铝硅行为[J].过程工程学报,2008,8(6):1148-1152.
[32]葛鹏,王化军,赵晶,等.碱酸法石墨提纯效果的制约因素[J].金属矿山,2010(5):96-98.
[33]王新江.眉县隐晶质石墨选矿试验研究[J].矿产保护与利用,1990(4):45-47.
[34]Li H Q,Feng Q M,Yang S,et al.The entrainment behaviour of sericite in microcrystalline graphite flotation[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1990(4):45-47.
[35]张凌燕,李向益,邱杨率,等.四川某难选石墨矿选矿试验研究[J].金属矿山,2012(7):95-98.
[36]徐建平,张鑫,张凌燕.吉林某地区含隐晶质难选石墨矿选矿试验研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2015(5):19-22.
[37]任晓聪,张光旭.硫酸-氢氟酸分步法提纯石墨的工艺研究[J].非金属矿,2017,40(3):68-70.
[38]张然,余丽秀.硫酸-氢氟酸分步提纯法制备高纯石墨研究[J].非金属矿,2017,40(3):42-44.
[39]谢刚,李晓阳,臧健,等.高纯石墨制备现状及进展[J].云南冶金,2011,40(1):48-51.
[40]夏云凯.氯化焙烧法提纯天然鳞片石墨工艺研究[J].非金属矿,1993(3):21-24.
[41]李继业,姚绍德.用氯化焙烧法生产高碳石墨的研究[J].中国矿业,1996,5(3):46-48.
[42]张然,余丽秀.高纯石墨制备及应用研究进展[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2006(s):59-61.
[43]Li H Q,Feng Q,Yang S Y,et al.The entrainment behaviour of sericite in microcrystalline graphite flotation[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2013.
[44]梁刚,赵国刚,王振廷.感应加热制取高纯石墨研究[J].碳素技术,2013,32(4):32-34.
[45]张向军,陈斌,高欣明.高温石墨化提纯晶质(鳞片)石墨[J].碳素技术,2001(2):39-40.
[46]殷景峰.石墨提纯方法简述[J].炭素,2015(2):35-37.
[2]罗立群,谭旭升,田金星.石墨提纯工艺研究进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(8):2110-2116.
[3]李志远,李国荣.国内外石墨提纯技术的现状分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2013(1):64-65.
[4]Yang Y K,Chuang M T,Lin S S.Optimization of dry machining parameters for high-purity graphite in end milling process via design of experiments methods[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2009,209(9):4395-4400.
[5]尹丽文.世界石墨资源开发利用现状[J].国土资源情报,2011(6):29-32.
[6]张琳,方建军,赵敏捷,等.隐晶质石墨提纯研究进展[J].化工进展,2017,36(1):26-267.
[7]Yang Y K,Shie J R,Huang C H.Optimization of dry machining parameters for high-purity graphite in end-milling process[J].Materials and Manufacturing Processes,2006,21(8):832-837.
[8]Zaghib K,Song X,Guerfi A,et al.Purification process of natural graphite as anode for Li-ion batteries:chemical versus thermal[J].Journal of Power Sources,2003,119:8-15.
[9]魏丽丹,张文斌.石墨提纯方法现状及发展趋势[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2013,26(6):26-27.
[10]冯其明,陈云,杨永岗.隐晶质石墨提纯研究[J].矿产保护与利用,2003(3):20-22.
[11]谭旭升,罗立群,田金星,等.碱酸法纯化石墨试验研究[J].中国矿业,2015,24(1):137-140.
[12]荆正强,胡瑞彪.莫桑比克某球形石墨提纯试验[J].现代矿业,2015(3):230-232.
[13]葛鹏,王化军,赵晶,等.焙烧温度对加碱焙烧浸出法制备高纯石墨的影响[J].中国粉末技术,2010,16(2):27-30.
[14]姜芳,涂文懋.碱酸法提纯某微晶石墨[J].金属矿山,2014(9):82-84.
[15]刘凤春.碱煅烧法提纯石墨的试验研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2013(4):36-41.
[16]沈万慈.石墨产业的现代化与天然石墨的精细加工[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2005(6):3-7.
[17]肖奇,张清岑,刘建平.某地隐晶质石墨高纯化试验研究[J].矿产综合利用,2015(1):3-6.
[18]沈万慈,康飞宇,黄正宏,等.石墨产业的现状与发展[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2013(2):1-3.
[19]石何武,汤传斌.石墨材料的生产及在光伏行业中的应用[C].2012半岛体、光伏产业用碳-石墨技术及市场研讨会论文集,上海,2012.
[20]周丹凤.低温可膨胀石墨的制备研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012.
[21]吉根朝.隐晶质石墨浮选中间试验研究[J].非金属矿,1991(2):16-18.
[22]袁来敏.辽宁某鳞片石墨矿浮选工艺试验[J].现代矿业,2013(6):94-96.
[23]刘海营,劳德平,李崇德.黑龙江萝北鳞片石墨浮选新工艺研究[J].中国矿业,2015,24(10):182-185.
[24]韦敏,张凌燕,王文齐.辽宁某选铁尾矿浮选回收石墨试验研究[J].非金属矿,2016,39(3):81-83.
[25]吕一波,季长顺,李青侠.浮选柱精选细鳞片中碳石墨实验[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2013,23(1):26-29.
[26]余悦,袁树礼,任佳,等.搅拌磨机用于高品位石墨精矿再磨提纯的试验研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2017(4):71-74.
[27]余学斌,方和平,肖玉菊,等.细鳞片中碳石墨的浮选提纯研究[J].矿产保护与利用,2000(1):14-16.
[28]陈琦,薛丽群,周立波,等.XZWXJ20浮选柱浮选石墨的应用[J].科技资讯,2014(5):21-21.
[29]方和平,肖玉菊.大鳞片中碳石墨浮选提纯研究[J].建材地质,1996(1):31-33.
[30]冯臻.煤系中隐晶石墨开发的初步研究[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2003(1):48-50.
[31]孙旺,郑诗礼,张亦飞,等.Na OH亚熔盐法处理拜尔法赤泥的铝硅行为[J].过程工程学报,2008,8(6):1148-1152.
[32]葛鹏,王化军,赵晶,等.碱酸法石墨提纯效果的制约因素[J].金属矿山,2010(5):96-98.
[33]王新江.眉县隐晶质石墨选矿试验研究[J].矿产保护与利用,1990(4):45-47.
[34]Li H Q,Feng Q M,Yang S,et al.The entrainment behaviour of sericite in microcrystalline graphite flotation[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1990(4):45-47.
[35]张凌燕,李向益,邱杨率,等.四川某难选石墨矿选矿试验研究[J].金属矿山,2012(7):95-98.
[36]徐建平,张鑫,张凌燕.吉林某地区含隐晶质难选石墨矿选矿试验研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2015(5):19-22.
[37]任晓聪,张光旭.硫酸-氢氟酸分步法提纯石墨的工艺研究[J].非金属矿,2017,40(3):68-70.
[38]张然,余丽秀.硫酸-氢氟酸分步提纯法制备高纯石墨研究[J].非金属矿,2017,40(3):42-44.
[39]谢刚,李晓阳,臧健,等.高纯石墨制备现状及进展[J].云南冶金,2011,40(1):48-51.
[40]夏云凯.氯化焙烧法提纯天然鳞片石墨工艺研究[J].非金属矿,1993(3):21-24.
[41]李继业,姚绍德.用氯化焙烧法生产高碳石墨的研究[J].中国矿业,1996,5(3):46-48.
[42]张然,余丽秀.高纯石墨制备及应用研究进展[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2006(s):59-61.
[43]Li H Q,Feng Q,Yang S Y,et al.The entrainment behaviour of sericite in microcrystalline graphite flotation[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2013.
[44]梁刚,赵国刚,王振廷.感应加热制取高纯石墨研究[J].碳素技术,2013,32(4):32-34.
[45]张向军,陈斌,高欣明.高温石墨化提纯晶质(鳞片)石墨[J].碳素技术,2001(2):39-40.
[46]殷景峰.石墨提纯方法简述[J].炭素,2015(2):35-37.