塔里木盆地顺南地区深层碳酸盐岩断裂和裂缝地震识别与评价
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摘要
近年,在塔里木盆地顺南地区多条北东向走滑断裂钻遇好的油气成果,证实了走滑断裂具有控储、控藏的作用。受埋深大、信噪比低、断裂纵向断距小等因素影响,小断裂及裂缝发育区地震响应不清、描述困难。在顺南三维实际资料的基础上,分灰岩顶面及内幕两类模型开展数值正演模拟,明确不同尺度断裂地震响应特征并建立地震识别模式;依据走滑断裂地质特征及地震识别模式,分级优选了趋势面、精细相干、蚂蚁体和最大似然体等敏感技术;依据断裂预测成果从断裂性质、断裂级别、断裂分段性和缝洞发育特征等方面开展走滑断裂带描述与评价,总结认识指导区带及目标优选。
There are many oil and gas discoveries along NE-trending strike-slip faults in Shunnan area,Tarim Basin,indicating that the strike-slip faults can be a controlling factor for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Considering deep burial depth,low signal-to-noise ratio and small fault displacement along the faults strike,seismic responses of small fault and fracture zones are not clear and difficult to be interpreted. Based on the actual three-dimensional seismic data of the Shunnan area,we carried out the numerical simulation for two models,model of limestone top surface and model of limestone internal surfaces. We also clarified seismic response characteristics for faults of different scales and established seismic identification model. According to the geological features and seismic recognition pattern of strike-slip faults,we selected sensitive seismic attributes such as trend surface,fine coherent,ant body and likelihood. Finally,based on the results of fracture prediction,the paper gave a description and evaluation on the strike-slip fault zone,such as fracture properties,levels,segmentation,and cavity features,and gave advice to the optimization of exploration plays and prosepects.
There are many oil and gas discoveries along NE-trending strike-slip faults in Shunnan area,Tarim Basin,indicating that the strike-slip faults can be a controlling factor for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Considering deep burial depth,low signal-to-noise ratio and small fault displacement along the faults strike,seismic responses of small fault and fracture zones are not clear and difficult to be interpreted. Based on the actual three-dimensional seismic data of the Shunnan area,we carried out the numerical simulation for two models,model of limestone top surface and model of limestone internal surfaces. We also clarified seismic response characteristics for faults of different scales and established seismic identification model. According to the geological features and seismic recognition pattern of strike-slip faults,we selected sensitive seismic attributes such as trend surface,fine coherent,ant body and likelihood. Finally,based on the results of fracture prediction,the paper gave a description and evaluation on the strike-slip fault zone,such as fracture properties,levels,segmentation,and cavity features,and gave advice to the optimization of exploration plays and prosepects.
引文
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[12]许辉群,桂志先.边缘检测技术在石油勘探中的研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(4):7-10.Xu Huiqun,Gui Zhixian.Progress of edge detection technology in seismic exploration[J],Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2011,18(4):7-10.
[13]钟学彬,刘军,等.基于多属性的断层综合解释技术研究[J],新疆地质,2013,31(S):87-90.Zhong Xuebin,Liu Jun et al.The study of fault interpretation technology based on multi attribute[J],Xin Jiang Geology,2013,31(S):87-90.
[14]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to 3D interpreted horizons[J].First Break,2001,19(2):85-100.
[15]王世星.高精度地震曲率体计算技术与应用[J],石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):965-972.Wang Shixing.High-precision calculation of seismic volumetric curvature attributes and its applications[J],Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(6):965-972.
[16]任丽丹,张开拓,龚伟.蚂蚁追踪技术在塔中卡塔克隆起区的应用[J],西部探矿工程,2014,26(1):80-82.Ren Lidan,Zhang Kaituo,Gong Wei.Application of ant tracking in Kartake Uplift of Ta Zhong area[J],West-China Exploration Engineering,2014,26(1):80-82.
[17]杨子川,刘军,陈黎,等.顺南地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层地震识别与评价[J],石油物探,2017,56(2):280-287.Yang Zichuan,Liu Jun,Chen Li,et al.Seismic identification and evaluation of Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Shunnan area[J],Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):280-287.
[2]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,等.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2),245-253.Jin Zhijun,Zhu Dongya,Hu Wenxuan,et al.Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geological Sinca,2006,80(2):245-253.
[3]杨圣彬,刘军,李慧莉,等.塔中北围斜区北东向走滑断裂特征及其控油作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):797-802.Yang Shengbin,Liu Jun,Li Huili,et al.Characteristics of the NEtrending strike-slip fault system and its control on oil accumulation in north peri-cline area of the Tazhongpaleouplift[J].Oil&Geology,2013,34(6):797-802.
[4]陈明政,李宗杰,王保才.塔中顺南沙漠区碳酸盐岩天然气藏三维地震勘探技术[J],石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):935-943.Chen Mingzheng,Li Zongjie,Wang Baocai,3D seismic exploration technology of carbonate gas reservoir in Shunnan desert area of central Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Geology,2014,35(6):935-943.
[5]覃天.多属性相干方法识别微小断层[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(5):538-542.Qin Tian,Identification of minor fault based on multi-attribute seismic coherence technology[J],Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2008,5(5):538-542.
[6]王彦君,雍学善,刘应如,等.小断层识别技术研究及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):135-139.Wang Yanjun,Yong Xueshan,Liu Yingru,et al.Identification of minor fault and its applications[J],Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(2):135-139.
[7]赵迎月,顾汉明,李宗杰,等.塔中地区奥陶系典型地质体地震识别模式[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(6):1262-1270.Zhao Yingyue,Gu Hanming,Li Zongjie,et al.The seismic wave field recognition mode of typical geological bodies in the Ordovician in Tazhong area[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,06:1262-1270.
[8]宋桂桥,马灵伟,李宗杰.基于随机介质正演模拟的塔中顺南地区风化壳储层地震响应特征分析[J].石油物探,2013,52(3):307-312.Song Guiqiao,Ma Lingwei,Li Zongjie.Theweathering crust reservoir seismic response characteristics analysis in Shunnan area of central Tarim Basin based on random medium forward modeling[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(3):307-312.
[9]王保才,刘军,马灵伟,等.塔中顺南地区奥陶系缝洞型储层地震响应特征正演模拟分析[J].石油物探,2014,36(3):258-267.Wang Baocai,Liu Jun,Ma Lingwei,et al.Forward modeling for seismic response characteristics of the Fracture-cavity Ordovician reservoir in Shunnan area of central Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2014,36(3):258-267.
[10]马灵伟.塔中顺南地区缝洞型储层地震响应特征及识别模式研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2014.Ma L W.Seismic response characteristics and recognition pattern of the Ordovician Fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Tazhong Shunnan area[D].Wu Han:China University of Geosciences(Wu Han),2014.
[11]李宗杰.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层模型与预测技术研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.Li Zongjie,Study on the fracture-cave carbonate reservoir model and the prediction technique of Tahe Oilfield[D],Cheng Du:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
[12]许辉群,桂志先.边缘检测技术在石油勘探中的研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(4):7-10.Xu Huiqun,Gui Zhixian.Progress of edge detection technology in seismic exploration[J],Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2011,18(4):7-10.
[13]钟学彬,刘军,等.基于多属性的断层综合解释技术研究[J],新疆地质,2013,31(S):87-90.Zhong Xuebin,Liu Jun et al.The study of fault interpretation technology based on multi attribute[J],Xin Jiang Geology,2013,31(S):87-90.
[14]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to 3D interpreted horizons[J].First Break,2001,19(2):85-100.
[15]王世星.高精度地震曲率体计算技术与应用[J],石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):965-972.Wang Shixing.High-precision calculation of seismic volumetric curvature attributes and its applications[J],Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(6):965-972.
[16]任丽丹,张开拓,龚伟.蚂蚁追踪技术在塔中卡塔克隆起区的应用[J],西部探矿工程,2014,26(1):80-82.Ren Lidan,Zhang Kaituo,Gong Wei.Application of ant tracking in Kartake Uplift of Ta Zhong area[J],West-China Exploration Engineering,2014,26(1):80-82.
[17]杨子川,刘军,陈黎,等.顺南地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层地震识别与评价[J],石油物探,2017,56(2):280-287.Yang Zichuan,Liu Jun,Chen Li,et al.Seismic identification and evaluation of Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Shunnan area[J],Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):280-287.