寒地城市功能性生态园林树种选择技术
|
摘要
寒地城市面临的森林资源退化及空气、土壤、水资源污染等生态问题与在绿化过程中显露的绿化模式单一以及树种选择失当问题,使树种选择研究显得尤为必要。基于代表性寒地城市哈尔滨市的生态园林发展需求,选取当地30个典型树种作为研究对象,采用层次分析法,从树种功能性出发建立评价指标体系(包括抗逆功能、生态功能、美学功能及经济功能4个评价准则及18个评价因子),对树种进行综合评价,获得Ⅰ级树种14个:榆树Ulmus pumila,银中杨Populus alba‘Berolinensis’,山楂Crataegus pinnatifida等;Ⅱ级树种9个:樟子松Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,红皮云杉Picea koraiensis,糖槭Acer saccharum等;以及Ⅲ级树种7个:蒙古栎Quercus mongolica,色木槭Acer mono,紫椴Tilia amurensis等。另外,由于不同绿化功能区对树种功能需求侧重点存在差异,分别针对4种功能进行树种排名,并各自得出15种功能优先树种。最后建立了树种功能、树种等级及绿化功能区需求综合作用的树种选择机制。
Species selection was conducted for cities with cold winters because they are faced with ecological problems including forest resource degradation; air, soil, and water pollution; and urban planning problems concerning patterns and species types. In order to reduce the pressure faced by ecological environment, while improving the efficiency of greening, research on species selection is necessary. Based on the development needs of an eco-garden for a typical winter city, Harbin, 30 typical species were selected, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method was used to establish a comprehensive evaluation system depending on their functions(resilience function, ecological function, aesthetic function and economic function). According to the functions of these species, establish 18 evaluation factors, get the weights by expert scoring method, score the index factors of each species separately based on the survey about their characteristics and then calculate by substituting the score into the evaluation system. Results showed 14 Ⅰ-level species including Ulmus pumila,Populus alba ‘Berolinensis', and Crataegus pinnatifida; nine Ⅱ-level species including Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica, Picea koraiensis, and Acer saccharum; and seven Ⅲ-level species including Quercus mongolica,Acer mono, and Tilia amurensis. Species were also ranked according to each function since the differences of demand focus of different green ribbons like parks, sidewalks, etc. Fifteen priority species were selected for the different criteria, and a selection mechanism was established considering species function, species level, and development needs. Using this mechanism, according to the species level and green demand, legitimately plan the urban greening in Harbin
Species selection was conducted for cities with cold winters because they are faced with ecological problems including forest resource degradation; air, soil, and water pollution; and urban planning problems concerning patterns and species types. In order to reduce the pressure faced by ecological environment, while improving the efficiency of greening, research on species selection is necessary. Based on the development needs of an eco-garden for a typical winter city, Harbin, 30 typical species were selected, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method was used to establish a comprehensive evaluation system depending on their functions(resilience function, ecological function, aesthetic function and economic function). According to the functions of these species, establish 18 evaluation factors, get the weights by expert scoring method, score the index factors of each species separately based on the survey about their characteristics and then calculate by substituting the score into the evaluation system. Results showed 14 Ⅰ-level species including Ulmus pumila,Populus alba ‘Berolinensis', and Crataegus pinnatifida; nine Ⅱ-level species including Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica, Picea koraiensis, and Acer saccharum; and seven Ⅲ-level species including Quercus mongolica,Acer mono, and Tilia amurensis. Species were also ranked according to each function since the differences of demand focus of different green ribbons like parks, sidewalks, etc. Fifteen priority species were selected for the different criteria, and a selection mechanism was established considering species function, species level, and development needs. Using this mechanism, according to the species level and green demand, legitimately plan the urban greening in Harbin
引文
[1]吴际友,程政红,龙应忠,等.城市生态园林树种功能性探讨[J].林业科技开发,2004,18(3):69-71.WU Jiyou,CHENG Zhenghong,LONG Yingzhong,et al.Function study of landscaping tree species[J].China For Sci Technol,2004,18(3):69-71.
[2]宋力,何兴元.沈阳城市森林树种综合评价指标体系[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,2(1):136-139.SONG Li,HE Xingyuan.Comprehensive evaluation system of urban tree species in Shenyang[J].J Liaoning Techn Univ,2007,2(1):136-139.
[3]梁德明,唐洪辉,赵庆,等.城市森林生态景观建设优良树种评价模型构建方法初探[J].广东林业科技,2014,30(4):22-27.LIANG Deming,TANG Honghui,ZHAO Qing,et al.Establishment of evaluation model of afforestation species in ecological landscape construction[J].J Guangdong For Sci Technol,2014,30(4):22-27.
[4]BREUSTE J,NIEMELJ,SNEP R P H.Applying landscape ecological principles in urban environments[J].Lands Ecol,2008,23(10):139-142.
[5]PAUDEL S,YUAN Fei.Assessing landscape changes and dynamics using patch analysis and GIS modeling[J].Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf,2012,16:66-76.
[6]NIINEMETS,PEUELAS J.Gardening and urban landscaping:significant players in global change[J].Trends Plant Sci,2008,13(2):60-65.
[7]PETERSON M N,THURMOND B,MCHALE M,et al.Predicting native plant landscaping preferences in urban areas[J].Sustainable Cities Soc,2012,12(5):70-76.
[8]韦新良,马俊,刘思斌,等.生态景观林树种选择适宜性评价技术研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(6):207-212.WEI Xinliang,MA Jun,LIU Sibin,et al.Suitability evaluation of tree species for ecological and landscape purpose[J].J Northwest For Univ,2008,23(6):207-212.
[9]孙海燕,祝宁.哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究(1)[J].中国城市林业,2008,6(5):54-57.SUN Haiyan,ZHU Ning.Ecological functions of tree species grown in Harbin City(1)[J].J Chin Urban For,2008,6(5):54-57.
[10]孙海燕,祝宁,王秀花.哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究(2)[J].中国城市林业,2008,6(6):50-52.SUN Haiyan,ZHU Ning,WANG Xiuhua.Ecological functions of tree species grown in Harbin City(2)[J].J Chin Urban For,2008,6(6):50-52.
[11]韩焕金.城市绿化树种生态功能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2002:12-29.HAN Huanjin.Study on the Ecological Function of Urban Greenery Tree[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2002:12-29.
[2]宋力,何兴元.沈阳城市森林树种综合评价指标体系[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,2(1):136-139.SONG Li,HE Xingyuan.Comprehensive evaluation system of urban tree species in Shenyang[J].J Liaoning Techn Univ,2007,2(1):136-139.
[3]梁德明,唐洪辉,赵庆,等.城市森林生态景观建设优良树种评价模型构建方法初探[J].广东林业科技,2014,30(4):22-27.LIANG Deming,TANG Honghui,ZHAO Qing,et al.Establishment of evaluation model of afforestation species in ecological landscape construction[J].J Guangdong For Sci Technol,2014,30(4):22-27.
[4]BREUSTE J,NIEMELJ,SNEP R P H.Applying landscape ecological principles in urban environments[J].Lands Ecol,2008,23(10):139-142.
[5]PAUDEL S,YUAN Fei.Assessing landscape changes and dynamics using patch analysis and GIS modeling[J].Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf,2012,16:66-76.
[6]NIINEMETS,PEUELAS J.Gardening and urban landscaping:significant players in global change[J].Trends Plant Sci,2008,13(2):60-65.
[7]PETERSON M N,THURMOND B,MCHALE M,et al.Predicting native plant landscaping preferences in urban areas[J].Sustainable Cities Soc,2012,12(5):70-76.
[8]韦新良,马俊,刘思斌,等.生态景观林树种选择适宜性评价技术研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(6):207-212.WEI Xinliang,MA Jun,LIU Sibin,et al.Suitability evaluation of tree species for ecological and landscape purpose[J].J Northwest For Univ,2008,23(6):207-212.
[9]孙海燕,祝宁.哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究(1)[J].中国城市林业,2008,6(5):54-57.SUN Haiyan,ZHU Ning.Ecological functions of tree species grown in Harbin City(1)[J].J Chin Urban For,2008,6(5):54-57.
[10]孙海燕,祝宁,王秀花.哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究(2)[J].中国城市林业,2008,6(6):50-52.SUN Haiyan,ZHU Ning,WANG Xiuhua.Ecological functions of tree species grown in Harbin City(2)[J].J Chin Urban For,2008,6(6):50-52.
[11]韩焕金.城市绿化树种生态功能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2002:12-29.HAN Huanjin.Study on the Ecological Function of Urban Greenery Tree[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2002:12-29.