三丁基锡暴露对雌性昆明小鼠生殖系统组织结构的影响
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摘要
三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)在环境中广泛存在且具有很强的毒性,有关其对动物生殖系统影响的研究多集中于组织结构的描述但缺乏量化分析。为探讨TBT对雌性小鼠生殖系统的影响,以雌性昆明小鼠为研究对象,分为对照组[0]、低剂量组[0.2μg/(BW·kg)]、中剂量组[2μg/(BW·kg)]、高剂量组[20μg/(BW·kg)],进行为期45 d的TBT暴露试验;采用石蜡切片和HE染色技术观察各组小鼠卵巢、输卵管、子宫的组织学变化,并对其组织结构的分层进行量化分析。结果显示,TBT暴露小鼠的卵巢中各期卵泡数量发生变化,初级卵泡数量有减少趋势,成熟卵泡数量明显减少,卵泡组织结构变化不明显;输卵管壁变厚,浆膜、黏膜变化较明显,输卵管内环肌细胞排列疏松;子宫壁各层结构均有不同程度变化,黏膜变化尤其明显,子宫壁随TBT暴露剂量的增加而增厚。TBT暴露影响雌性小鼠生殖系统的组织结构且呈现剂量效应。
Tributyltin(TBT) is widely distributed in natural environment and is highly toxic. Researches concerning the effect of TBT on animal reproductive function mainly focus on histological variations but barely focus on quantitative analysis. In order to evaluate the effect of TBT on reproductive system of female mice, a low level TBT exposure experiment lasting for 45 days with exposure dosages of 0.2, 2, 20 μg/(BW·kg) was conducted using female Kunming mice as materials. At the end of the exposure experiment, the mice were sacrificed and the ovary, oviduct and uterus samples were collected. To observe the histological variations of the tissue samples, paraffin sections were prepared and stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin. The thickness of layers of ovary, oviduct and uterus tissues was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the changes in quantity of ovarian follicles in different phases were observed: the number of primary follicles showed a decreasing trend and that of the mature follicles was obviously decreased. There were no obvious histological variations in follicles. The thickened oviduct wall was observed, and the histological variations of serous layer and mucosa layer were obvious; the loose arrangement of oviduct internal circular muscle cells was observed. All of the layers of uterus wall showed changes and the most obvious histological variations were found in mucosa layer; the uterus wall became thicker with the increase of TBT exposure dosages. In summary, TBT exposure changed the histological structure of reproductive system in female Kunming mice in a dose-dependent manner.
Tributyltin(TBT) is widely distributed in natural environment and is highly toxic. Researches concerning the effect of TBT on animal reproductive function mainly focus on histological variations but barely focus on quantitative analysis. In order to evaluate the effect of TBT on reproductive system of female mice, a low level TBT exposure experiment lasting for 45 days with exposure dosages of 0.2, 2, 20 μg/(BW·kg) was conducted using female Kunming mice as materials. At the end of the exposure experiment, the mice were sacrificed and the ovary, oviduct and uterus samples were collected. To observe the histological variations of the tissue samples, paraffin sections were prepared and stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin. The thickness of layers of ovary, oviduct and uterus tissues was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the changes in quantity of ovarian follicles in different phases were observed: the number of primary follicles showed a decreasing trend and that of the mature follicles was obviously decreased. There were no obvious histological variations in follicles. The thickened oviduct wall was observed, and the histological variations of serous layer and mucosa layer were obvious; the loose arrangement of oviduct internal circular muscle cells was observed. All of the layers of uterus wall showed changes and the most obvious histological variations were found in mucosa layer; the uterus wall became thicker with the increase of TBT exposure dosages. In summary, TBT exposure changed the histological structure of reproductive system in female Kunming mice in a dose-dependent manner.
引文
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[17]陈天乙,郑素平,于仁诚,等.有机锡化合物对水生无脊椎动物的毒性研究[J].环境与化学,1994,32(3):66-68.
[18]BAUER B,FIORONI P,IDE I,et al.TBT effects on the female genital system of Littorina littorea:a possible indicator of tributyltin pollution[J].Hydrobiologia,1995,309(1):15-27.
[19]张纪亮,孙平,朱文文,等.三丁基锡生殖毒性的研究进展[J].北方环境,2011,23(8):68-71.
[20]林春芳,吕华东.有机锡的生殖毒性和遗传毒性研究进展[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2008,14(1):23-26.
[2]王家林,葛斌,刘丽丽.海洋环境中的三丁基锡污染[J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(6):15-19.
[3]王永芳.有机锡化合物的污染及毒性[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2003,15(3):244-247.
[4]程作联.有机锡的海洋环境化学[J].海洋环境科学,1989,8(4):41-48.
[5]RAFRAY M,COHEN G M.Thymocyte apoptosis as a mechanism for tributyltin-induced thymic atrophy in vivo[J].Arch Toxicol,1993,67(4):231-236.
[6]YAMANOSHITA O,KURASAKI M,SAITO T,et al.Diverse effect of tributyltin on apoptosis in PC12 cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2000,272(2):557-562.
[7]De SANTIAGE A,AGUILAR-SANTELISES M.Organotin compounds decrease in vitro survival,proliferation and differentiation of normal human B lymphocytes[J].Hum Exp Toxicol,1999,18(10):619-624.
[8]GOGVADZE V,STRIDH H,ORRENIUS S,et al.Tributyltin causes cytochrome C release from isolated mitochondria by two discrete mechanisms[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2002,292(4):904-908.
[9]朱欣,应李强,徐进,等.三丁基锡诱导对正常人胚胎羊膜细胞凋亡的诱导作用[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(9):1250-1252.
[10]O′CALLAGHAN J P,MILER D B.Acute exposure of the neonatal rat to butyltin results in decreases in biochemical indicators of synaptogenesis and myelinogenesis[J].JPharmacol Exp Ther,1988,246(1):394-402.
[11]刘慧刚,徐立红.三丁基锡毒性作用生物标记研究进展[J].中华预防医学杂志,2000,39(4):288-289.
[12]张纪亮.三丁基锡对褐菖鲉性腺发育影响及其机制的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007.
[13]张园,赵琢,王华,等.三丁基锡内分泌干扰及生殖毒性研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(6):556-558.
[14]OGATA R,OMURA M,SHIMASAKI Y,et al.Twogeneration reproductive toxicity study of tributyltin chloride in female rats[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2001,63(2):127-144.
[15]EMA M,HARAZONO A,MIYAWAKI E,et al.Effect of the day of administration on the developmental toxicity of tributyltin chloride in rats[J].Arch Environ Contam Toxicol,1997,33(1):90-96.
[16]EMA M,KUROSAKA R,AMANO H,et al.Further evaluation of the developmental toxicity of tributyltin chloride in rats[J].Toxicology,1995,96(3):195-201.
[17]陈天乙,郑素平,于仁诚,等.有机锡化合物对水生无脊椎动物的毒性研究[J].环境与化学,1994,32(3):66-68.
[18]BAUER B,FIORONI P,IDE I,et al.TBT effects on the female genital system of Littorina littorea:a possible indicator of tributyltin pollution[J].Hydrobiologia,1995,309(1):15-27.
[19]张纪亮,孙平,朱文文,等.三丁基锡生殖毒性的研究进展[J].北方环境,2011,23(8):68-71.
[20]林春芳,吕华东.有机锡的生殖毒性和遗传毒性研究进展[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2008,14(1):23-26.